Köpek gençlik hastalığının teşhisinde klinik ve laboratuvar bulguların diagnostik önemi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
1998-05-26
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Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma, köpeklerin distemper hastalığının teşhisinde kullanılan direk immünofloresans yöntemiyle konjunktival sürme preparatl arında CDV antijenini, serumda indirekt immünofloresans tekniğiyle CDV-spesifık IgG antikorların titresini, periferal kan sürme preparatlarında CDV inklüzyon cisimciklerini ve periferal kan lenfositlerinin enzimatik pozitivitelerini değerlendirmek bu testlerin hastalığın değişik dönemlerindeki diagnostik önemlerini ve klinik bulgularla ilgilerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapıldı. Bu çalışmada araştırma materyali olarak 6-8 haftalık, serum CDV'a spesifik IgG titresi ^1/10 olan, 2 dişi ve 6 erkek olmak üzere toplam 8 adet sağlıklı melez köpek kullanıldı. Kanin distemper enfeksiyonu beyin dokusundan elde edilmiş 1045 virus partikülü ihtiva eden virulent liyofılize Snyder Hill virusu herbir köpeğe 2 mi serum fizyolojik içinde, IV yolla uygulanarak oluşturuldu Deneme öncesi iki defa ve deneme boyunca 2.,5.,7.,9.,14.,20. ve 35. günlerinde alman kan örneklerinde kan Ht, Hb, total eritrosit, MCV, MCHC, total lökosit, absulut lenfosit, absulut nötrofil, total trombosit, çeşitli periferal kan hücrelerinde CDV'a spesifik inklüzyon cisimcikleri, lenfosit enzim pozitiviteleri ve serum CDV-spesifik IgG titreleri belirlendi. Konjunktival smear örnekleri denemenin 5.,7.,9.,14.,20. ve 35. günlerinde alındı. Kanin distemper virus inokulasyonundan sonra denemenin 2. ve 6. günleri arasında tüm hayvanların beden ısılarında artış kaydedildi. Tüm köpeklerde denemenin 2.-7. günlerinde; durgunluk, iştah kaybı,öksürük,seröz göz ve burun aklıntısı gibi kataral semptomlar gözlenirken, denemenin 8-20. günlerinde ise aralıklı kusma ve öksürük, purulent göz ve burun akıntısı, halsizlik, depresyon, konjunktival hiperemi, geçici sulu 75 ishal, dehidrasyon ve kilo kaybı gibi semptomlar gözlendi. Üç köpekte denemenin 15. gününde oftalmoskopik muayene sonucu lens kristalineda bulanıklık ve retinal bölgede hiperemi tespit edildi. Bir köpekte denemenin 15. gününde burun bölgesinde fokal lezyon belirlendi. Ayrıca iki köpekte ise sırasıyla denemenin 20. ve 29. günlerinde nörolojik semptomlar gözlendi. Hematolojik muayene sonuçlarına göre, denemenin 7. gününde lökopeni (p<0.05), 7- 9.günlerinde trombositopeni (p<0.05), denemenin 7., 9. ve 14. günlerinde lenfositopeni (p<0.05) gözlendi. Inklüzyon cisimcikleri, denemenin 5. gününden itibaren tüm köpeklerin periferal kan sürme preparatlarının muayenesinde özellikle nötrofıllerinde % 72 oranında gözlendi. Tüm köpeklerde denemenin ikinci gününden itibaren lenfosit AcP'az ve ANAE enzim pozitivitelerinde önemli azalma kaydedildi (p<0.01, p<0.001). Konjunktival smear preparatları denemenin 7., 9. ve 14. gününde yaşayan tüm köpeklerde ve denemenin 20. gününde ise bir köpek hariç diğer köpeklerde pozitif idi. Serum CDV-spesifık IgG titresindeki artış tüm köpeklerde denemenin 5., 7. ve 9. günlerde önemli (p<0.05) olmasına rağmen, sadece bir köpekte denemenin 20. ve 35. günlerinde CDV-spesifık IgG titresi >1: 100 idi. Otopside, makroskopik olarak kataral enteritis, pnömonik odaklar ve kalpte lezyonlar gözlenirken, mikroskobik olarak köpeklerin akciğer, barsak, mide, idrar kesesi ve böbrek gibi çeşitli organların epitellerinde intrastoplazmik inklüzyon cisimcikleri gözlendi. Sonuç olarak;. (1) köpek deneysel distemper virus enfeksiyonlarının köpeklerde kataral, respiratuvar, gastrointestinal, oftalmik, dermatolojik ve nörolojik bozukluklara yol açarak nonspesifık klinik semptomlara neden olduğu, (2) hemogramda en önemli bulguların hastalığın 7. ve 9. günlerinde gelişen trombositopeni ve 7., 9. ve 14. günlerde oluşan lenfositopeni olduğu ve bu bulguların hastalığın teşhisine yardımcı olabileceği ve absulut lenfosit sayılarının hastalıkta prognostik öneminin olabileceği, (3) çalışmada tüm köpeklerde 5. günden itibaren nötrofil, lenfosit ve eözinofillerde belirlenen inklüzyon cisimciklerinin hastalığın teşhisinde önemli olduğu, (4) çalışmada özellikle lenfosit AcP'az ve ANAE enzim pozitivitesinde inokulasyondan sonra 2. günden başlayarak çalışma süresince devam eden önemli derecede azalmanın, hastalığın erken teşhisinde önemli olabileceği ancak hastalıktaki spesifitesinin belirlenmesinin gerektiği, (5) serum CDV- spesifık IgG titresinin hastalığın geç teşhisinde ve prognostik yönden önemli olabileceği, (6) hastalığın 7. gününden itibaren tüm köpeklerde konjunktival smear örneklerinin FA 76 testi sonucunun pozitif olması nedeniyle, konjunktival smear örneklerinde CDV antijeninin direk olarak FA testi ile tespitinin, sistemik hastalık semptomları olan köpeklerde diagnostik önemi olduğu; CDV-spesifık IgG titresi >1/100 olan köpeklerde bu testin negatif sonuç vermesi ve bu köpeklerdeki akut sistemik semptomların kaybolmaları nedeniyle bu testin prognostik önemi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
This study was carried out to determine the diagnostic importance of various test such as CDV antigen in the conjunctival smear by direct flouresans antibody test (DFAT), serum CDV-specific IgG antiboy titer by indirect immunofouresans antibody tecnique (IF AT), CDV inclusion body in the peripheral blood cells, enzymatic pozitivity of peripheral blood lyphocytes and their relationship with clinical symptoms at the various stage of the disease in CDV infection. A total of 8 healthy mix-breed dogs (2 female and 6 male), aging 6-8 weeks old and having CDV-specific IgG titer of < 1:10 was used as a material. Canine distemper virus infection induced by given lyophilised Virulent Snyder Hill virus containing 104î virus particule in 2 ml phisyologic saline via Intra Venous route. Blood samples for the determination Ht, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCHC, WBC, absulute lymphocytes, absulute neutrophyles, thrombocyte values, CDV-specific inclusion bodies in circulating blood cells, lymphocyte enzyme positivites and CDV-specific IgG titers were taken twice before the experiment and the 2th, 5th, 7th,9th., 14th., 20th, 35th days of the experiment. The conjunctival smear samples were taken at the 5th, 7th, 9th, 14th, 20th and 35th days of the experiment. Two days after virus inoculation, all dogs increased body temperature and increments in the body temperature lasted at the 6th day of the experiment. Lethargia, anorexia, coughing and serous nasal and eyes discharges were observed in all dogs between the 2th and 7* dogs of the experiment. Nevertheless intermittent vomiting and coughing, purulent nasal and eyes discharges, weakness depression, conjunctivitis, transient diarrhoea, dehydration and weight loss were the predominant symptoms in all dogs between 8th and 20th days of the experiment. In three dogs, lens opasite and hyperemic retinal areas were observed by ophtalmoscopic examination at the 1 5th day of the experiment. Focal pustuler lesions on the nasal area in a dog were detected at the 1 5th day of experiment. Neurologic symptoms were observed in two dogs between the 20 and 29th days of the experiment. According to the result of the hemetologic examinations, significant leucopenia, 78 trombocytopenia and lymphocytopenia were respectively detected on the 7th day, 7th and 9th days and 7th, 9th and 14th days of the experiment. Inclusion bodies in the peripheral circulating blood cells espically in the neutrophiles (at the 72 %) were determined at the all blood samples taken after 2nd day of the experiment. Significant decrements in the lymphocyte AcP'ase and ANAE enzyme positivites were observed at the samples taken 2nd day and the following samples of the experimet. CDV antigen in the conjunctival smear samples taken at 7th, 9th and 14th days of the experiment were positive in all dog living dogs. Only one dog had negative result at the sample taken 20th day of the experiment while all the other dogs had positive results. Although increments in the serum CDV-specific IgG titers were found to be significant of the 5th, 7th and 9th days of the experiment, only one dog of serum CDV- specific IgG titers were >1: 100 at the 20th and 35th days of the experiment. At the necropsy, cattarhall enteritis, pneumonic areas and lesions in the heart were observed in all dogs. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were detected in the epithellial cells of the lungs, intestine, stomach, vesica urinaria and kidney at the histopathologic examination. The result of this study showed that; (1) canine distemper virus infections leads to various nonspecific symptoms because of affecting various organ systems, (2) the significant heamatological finding of the disease are thrombocytopenia (determined at the 7* and 9th days of the experimented lymphocytopenia (determined at the 7th, 9th and 14th days of the experiment), which can be usefull in the diagnosis of the disease and absolute lymphocyte counts have prognostic index, (3) Intracytoplasmic neutrophylic, lymphocytic and eosinophylic inclusion bodies determined at the 5th day and the following days of the experiment can be importance in the diagnosis of the disease, (4) the decrements in the lymphocyte AcP'as and ANAE enzyme positivities determined at the 2th day and the following days of the experiment can be valuable in the diagnosis of the disease, however, their specifity should be determined in the diseases, (5) the determination of serum CDv- specific IgG can be important in the late diagnosis of disease and have prognostic index, (6)CDV antigen in conjunctival smear by DFAT have diagnostic importance in dogs showing systemic symptoms. On the other hand it has to be kept in mind that DFAT gives negative result in patients having CDV-specific IgG titer of >1:100 and so, this test have also prognostic index.
This study was carried out to determine the diagnostic importance of various test such as CDV antigen in the conjunctival smear by direct flouresans antibody test (DFAT), serum CDV-specific IgG antiboy titer by indirect immunofouresans antibody tecnique (IF AT), CDV inclusion body in the peripheral blood cells, enzymatic pozitivity of peripheral blood lyphocytes and their relationship with clinical symptoms at the various stage of the disease in CDV infection. A total of 8 healthy mix-breed dogs (2 female and 6 male), aging 6-8 weeks old and having CDV-specific IgG titer of < 1:10 was used as a material. Canine distemper virus infection induced by given lyophilised Virulent Snyder Hill virus containing 104î virus particule in 2 ml phisyologic saline via Intra Venous route. Blood samples for the determination Ht, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCHC, WBC, absulute lymphocytes, absulute neutrophyles, thrombocyte values, CDV-specific inclusion bodies in circulating blood cells, lymphocyte enzyme positivites and CDV-specific IgG titers were taken twice before the experiment and the 2th, 5th, 7th,9th., 14th., 20th, 35th days of the experiment. The conjunctival smear samples were taken at the 5th, 7th, 9th, 14th, 20th and 35th days of the experiment. Two days after virus inoculation, all dogs increased body temperature and increments in the body temperature lasted at the 6th day of the experiment. Lethargia, anorexia, coughing and serous nasal and eyes discharges were observed in all dogs between the 2th and 7* dogs of the experiment. Nevertheless intermittent vomiting and coughing, purulent nasal and eyes discharges, weakness depression, conjunctivitis, transient diarrhoea, dehydration and weight loss were the predominant symptoms in all dogs between 8th and 20th days of the experiment. In three dogs, lens opasite and hyperemic retinal areas were observed by ophtalmoscopic examination at the 1 5th day of the experiment. Focal pustuler lesions on the nasal area in a dog were detected at the 1 5th day of experiment. Neurologic symptoms were observed in two dogs between the 20 and 29th days of the experiment. According to the result of the hemetologic examinations, significant leucopenia, 78 trombocytopenia and lymphocytopenia were respectively detected on the 7th day, 7th and 9th days and 7th, 9th and 14th days of the experiment. Inclusion bodies in the peripheral circulating blood cells espically in the neutrophiles (at the 72 %) were determined at the all blood samples taken after 2nd day of the experiment. Significant decrements in the lymphocyte AcP'ase and ANAE enzyme positivites were observed at the samples taken 2nd day and the following samples of the experimet. CDV antigen in the conjunctival smear samples taken at 7th, 9th and 14th days of the experiment were positive in all dog living dogs. Only one dog had negative result at the sample taken 20th day of the experiment while all the other dogs had positive results. Although increments in the serum CDV-specific IgG titers were found to be significant of the 5th, 7th and 9th days of the experiment, only one dog of serum CDV- specific IgG titers were >1: 100 at the 20th and 35th days of the experiment. At the necropsy, cattarhall enteritis, pneumonic areas and lesions in the heart were observed in all dogs. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were detected in the epithellial cells of the lungs, intestine, stomach, vesica urinaria and kidney at the histopathologic examination. The result of this study showed that; (1) canine distemper virus infections leads to various nonspecific symptoms because of affecting various organ systems, (2) the significant heamatological finding of the disease are thrombocytopenia (determined at the 7* and 9th days of the experimented lymphocytopenia (determined at the 7th, 9th and 14th days of the experiment), which can be usefull in the diagnosis of the disease and absolute lymphocyte counts have prognostic index, (3) Intracytoplasmic neutrophylic, lymphocytic and eosinophylic inclusion bodies determined at the 5th day and the following days of the experiment can be importance in the diagnosis of the disease, (4) the decrements in the lymphocyte AcP'as and ANAE enzyme positivities determined at the 2th day and the following days of the experiment can be valuable in the diagnosis of the disease, however, their specifity should be determined in the diseases, (5) the determination of serum CDv- specific IgG can be important in the late diagnosis of disease and have prognostic index, (6)CDV antigen in conjunctival smear by DFAT have diagnostic importance in dogs showing systemic symptoms. On the other hand it has to be kept in mind that DFAT gives negative result in patients having CDV-specific IgG titer of >1:100 and so, this test have also prognostic index.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Dog diseases, Köpek hastalıkları, Distemper, Flüoresan antikor tekniği, Fluorescent antibody technic, Köpeklerde gençlik hastalığı
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Şen, İ. (1998). Köpek gençlik hastalığının teşhisinde klinik ve laboratuvar bulguların diagnostik önemi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
