Üsküdar ve Kayseri̇’de işlenen gayr-ı ahlaki̇ suçlar
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Üsküdar ve Kayseri 17. yüzyılın İlk Çeyreğinde farklı konumları, ekonomik ve kültürel yapıları ile yekdiğerinden farklı iki yerleşim yeri idi. Söz konusu zaman dilimi içerisinde Üsküdar payitahta komşu olması dolayısı ile merkezi konumda bulunmakta idi. Ayrıca Celali İsyanları sırasında İstanbul’a giriş kapısı görevi gören işlek bir merkezdi. Bu durum Üsküdar’ın ekonomik ve kültürel anlamda hareketli bir yer olmasını sağlamıştır. Özellikle nüfus yönünden zenginleşen Üsküdar’da kurulan bekâr odalarının suçlara tesiri ve düzenlemiş oldukları işret meclislerinin varlığı Üsküdar’ı gayr-ı ahlaki davalar yönünden olumsuz manada zenginleştirmiştir denilebilir. Buna karşın Kayseri Selçuklular zamanında başkent olmuş bir yerleşim yeri idi. 17.yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde ise merkezden uzak muhafazakâr yapısı ile dikkat çeken, doğu-batı kuzey-güney yönlerindeki ulaşım yolarının kesiştiği, kültürel ve ticari anlamdaki hareketlilik ile ön plana çıkmaktadır. Aynı zaman dilimi içerisinde farklı özellikleri ile dikkati çeken bu iki yerleşim yeri artıları ve eksileri ile suçların işlenme oranları ve davaların mahkemeye yansımasında etkin rol oynamışlardır. Özellikle zina, fuhuş ve tecavüz gibi davalarda Kayseri mahkemesine yansıyan davalar Üsküdar’a oranla sınırlıdır. Özellikle kırsal kesimde ve muhafazakâr yapının etkili olduğu yerlerde gayrı ahlaki davaların çeşitli etkenlerin varlığı sebebiyle –kültürel baskı, mahkemeye ulaşmadaki maddi manevi güçlük, ekonomik yetersizlikler- davaların kadınlar tarafından mahkemeye daha az taşınabildiğini düşündürmektedir. Mahkemeye ulaşımın daha zor olduğu yerlerde mahalle ileri gelenlerinin oluşturdukları ve Leslie Peirce’nin de bahsettiği “mahkeme öncesi mahkeme” gibi görev yapıp arabuluculuk sayesinde çözülmüş ve mahkemeye intikal etmemiş çok fazla dava olduğu bilinmektedir. Böylece çözüme kavuşturulan davaların mahkemeye ulaşmamış olma ihtimali, mahkemeye yansıyan kayıtlarda oluşan azlığın bir diğer sebebi olabilir. Her iki yerleşim yeri için farklı birçok etken karşılaştırmaya tabi tutulduğunda ortak olan noktanın varlığı da göze çarpmaktadır. Mahalle kültürü ve bu kültürün suçlar üzerindeki denetiminin her iki yerleşim yerinde de geçerli olduğu görülmüştür. Yapılan çalışmada her iki yerleşim yerinde işlenen suçlar ve bu suçların meydana gelmesindeki itekleyici ve engelleyici durumların tespitine çalışılacaktır. Böylelikle Üsküdar ve Kayseri mahkemelerine yansıyan davalar üzerinden toplumun nabzı tutulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Üsküdar and Kayseri were two different settlements in the first quarter of the 17th century with their different locations, economic and cultural structures. In that period, Üsküdar was in a central location as it was adjacent to the capital city. It was also a busy center that served as the gateway to Istanbul during the Celali Revolts. This situation made Üsküdar an active place in terms of economy and culture. It can be said that the influence of the single chambers established in Üsküdar, which especially enriched in terms of population, on crimes and the existence of business councils they organized, enriched Üsküdar in a negative sense in terms of unethical cases. On the other hand, Kayseri was a settlement that became the capital city during the Seljuk period. In the first quarter of the 17th century, it came to the fore with its cultural and commercial dynamism, where the transportation routes in the east-west, north-south directions intersected, and attracting attention with its conservative structure far from the center. These two settlements, which attracted attention with their different characteristics in the same time period, played an active role in the pros and cons, the rate of crimes and the reflection of cases in the court. Especially in cases such as adultery, prostitution and rape, the cases reflected in the Kayseri court were limited compared to Üsküdar. Especially in rural areas and in places where the conservative structure was effective, due to the existence of various factors -cultural pressure, material and moral difficulties in reaching the court, economic inadequacies - it makes us think that cases are less likely to be brought to court by women. It is known that there are many cases that were created by the notables of the neighborhood in places where it is more difficult to reach the court, and that acted like the "court before the court" mentioned by Leslie Peirce, and that were resolved through mediation and that were not submitted to the court. Thus, the possibility that the cases that were resolved did not reach the court, might be another reason for the scarcity of records reflected in the court. When many different factors are compared for both settlements, the existence of a common point is also striking. It has been observed that the neighborhood culture and its control over crimes are valid in both settlements. In this study, it will be tried to determine the crimes committed in both settlements and the driving and hindering situations in the occurrence of these crimes. Thus, the pulse of the society will be tried to be kept through the cases reflected in the Üsküdar and Kayseri courts.
Üsküdar and Kayseri were two different settlements in the first quarter of the 17th century with their different locations, economic and cultural structures. In that period, Üsküdar was in a central location as it was adjacent to the capital city. It was also a busy center that served as the gateway to Istanbul during the Celali Revolts. This situation made Üsküdar an active place in terms of economy and culture. It can be said that the influence of the single chambers established in Üsküdar, which especially enriched in terms of population, on crimes and the existence of business councils they organized, enriched Üsküdar in a negative sense in terms of unethical cases. On the other hand, Kayseri was a settlement that became the capital city during the Seljuk period. In the first quarter of the 17th century, it came to the fore with its cultural and commercial dynamism, where the transportation routes in the east-west, north-south directions intersected, and attracting attention with its conservative structure far from the center. These two settlements, which attracted attention with their different characteristics in the same time period, played an active role in the pros and cons, the rate of crimes and the reflection of cases in the court. Especially in cases such as adultery, prostitution and rape, the cases reflected in the Kayseri court were limited compared to Üsküdar. Especially in rural areas and in places where the conservative structure was effective, due to the existence of various factors -cultural pressure, material and moral difficulties in reaching the court, economic inadequacies - it makes us think that cases are less likely to be brought to court by women. It is known that there are many cases that were created by the notables of the neighborhood in places where it is more difficult to reach the court, and that acted like the "court before the court" mentioned by Leslie Peirce, and that were resolved through mediation and that were not submitted to the court. Thus, the possibility that the cases that were resolved did not reach the court, might be another reason for the scarcity of records reflected in the court. When many different factors are compared for both settlements, the existence of a common point is also striking. It has been observed that the neighborhood culture and its control over crimes are valid in both settlements. In this study, it will be tried to determine the crimes committed in both settlements and the driving and hindering situations in the occurrence of these crimes. Thus, the pulse of the society will be tried to be kept through the cases reflected in the Üsküdar and Kayseri courts.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sicil, Mahkeme, Üsküdar, Kayseri, Gayr-ı Ahlaki Davalar, Registry, Court, Immoral Lawsuits
Kaynak
Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
54
Künye
Yücetürk, S., (2022). Üsküdar ve Kayseri̇’de İşlenen Gayr-ı Ahlaki̇ Suçlar. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (54), 109-133.
