Yüksek Doz Klordioksit Uygulanan Levreklerde (Dicentrarchus Labrax L., 1758) Toksik Patolojik Bulguların Araştırılması
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Tarih
2023
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Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Su ürünleri, ülke ekonomilerine büyük katkılar sağlayan önemli protein kaynaklarıdır. Ülkemizde deniz levreği toplam pazar hacminin %37'lik bölümüne sahip olmakla birlikte tüm denizlerimizde üretimi mümkündür. Deniz levreği yetiştiriciliğinde karşılaşılan zorlukların ve kayıpların başında gelen hastalıklar ve stres faktörleri üretimde sınırlayıcı bir etkendir. Hastalıkların ve stres faktörlerinin giderilmesinde su kalitesi en önemli parametredir. Yaygın olarak su kalitesinin sağlanması amacıyla filtre sistemleri, UV vb. fiziksel metotlar uygulanırken, kimyasal olarak ise ozon ve klor kullanılmaktadır. Ozon ve klor, kullanımı ve etkinliğinin kısıtlı olmasının yanı sıra balıklarda istenmeyen patolojik etkilere sebep olabilmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, deniz suyundaki 9 aylık levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax) balıklarında klordioksitin farklı konsantrasyonlarda (0.375, 0.750, 1.125, 1.5, 1.875 ve 2.250 mg/l), 7 gün süre ile kullanımının doku ve organlar üzerindeki (deri, solungaç, karaciğer, kalp, böbrek ve bağırsaklar) patolojik etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Ayrıca serumda karaciğer fonksiyon testleri ile dokuda (karaciğer) oksidatif stres ve apoptoz biyobelirteçleri değerlendirildi. Çalışmada makroskobik olarak solungaçlarda ve karaciğerde kanamalar gözlendi. Histopatolojik incelemelerde doz artışına paralel solungaçlarda dejenerasyon, nekroz ve dökülmeler, karaciğerde hepatositlerde şişkinlik, vakuol oluşumları ve nekroz, beyinde ödem belirlendi. Histopatolojik değişiklikler kontrol grubunda 0 olmak üzere lezyonun şiddetine göre 1, 2, 3 ve 4 rakamları ile skorlandı. Karaciğer ve solungaç dokusunda yapılan skorlamalar değerlendirildiğinde doz artışına paralel olarak karaciğerde ve solungaçta yüksek doz grupların (1.5, 1.875 ve 2.25 mg/l) skorlarının anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu tespit edilirken, düşük doz gruplarında (0.375, 0.75 ve 1.125 mg/l) doz azalmasına bağlı olarak azaldığı görüldü (p<0.001). Serum karaciğer fonksiyon testlerinin (CK, ALP, AST, ALT, TP ve ALB), doz artışına bağlı olarak değişen seviyelerde dejenerasyona işaret ettiği belirlendi. Karaciğerde oksidatif stres ve apoptoz biyobelirteçlerinin (Fish Caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor-α, Cytochrome-C, Apo-1/Fas, Malondialdehyde, P53/Tumor Protein-P53) ELISA ile ölçüm sonuçlarından ise, çalışmada kullanılan dozlardaki klordioksitin levreklerde oksidatif stres ve apoptozu tetiklemediği, dokudaki ELISA değerlerinin kontrol grubuna göre düştüğü tespit edildi. Ayrıca klordioksitin deniz suyundaki bakteriyel yükü azalttığı da gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, klordioksitin tuzlu suda yetiştirilen levreklerde, akuakültür dezenfeksiyonunda, 0.750 - 1.125 mg/l doz aralıklarında sınırlı sürelerle kullanılabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.
Fisheries are important protein sources that make significant contributions to the national economies. Although sea bass accounts for 37% of the total market volume in Turkey, it is possible to produce it in all our seas. Diseases and stress factors, which are at the beginning of the difficulties and losses encountered in sea bass farming, are act as a limiting factors in production. Water quality is the most important parameter in eliminating diseases and stress factors. Filter systems, UV treatment, etc., are commonly used to ensure water quality. While physical methods are applied, ozone and chlorine are used chemically. Ozone and chlorine can cause undesirable pathological effects in fish, as well as limited use and effectiveness. In this thesis study, the aim was to investigate the pathological effects of using of chlorine dioxide at different concentrations (0.375, 0.750, 1.125, 1.5, 1.875, and 2.250 mg/l) for 7 days in seawater sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) on tissues and organs (skin, gill, liver, heart, kidney, and intestines). Additionally, liver function tests in serum and the evaluation of oxidative stress and apoptosis biomarkers in tissue (liver) were conducted. During the study, hemorrhages were observed in the gills and liver, macroscopically. In histopathological examinations, degeneration, necrotic spills in the gills, swelling of hepatocytes in the liver, vacuole formations and necrosis, and edema in the brain were determined in parallel with the increase in dose. Histopathological changes were scored as 1, 2, 3, and 4 according to the severity of the lesion, with the control group scoring 0. When the liver and gill tissue scorings were evaluated, it was determined that the high-dose groups (1.5, 1.875, and, 2.25 mg/l) scores were significantly higher in the liver and gills in parallel with the dose increase, while the low-dose groups (0.375, 0.75 and 1.125 mg/l) decreased the dose. This decrease was found to be age-dependent (p<0.001). It was determined that serum liver function tests (CK, ALP, AST, ALT, TP, and ALB) indicated varying levels of degeneration depending on the dose increase. In addition, from the ELISA measurement results of oxidative stress and apoptosis biomarkers (Fish Caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor-α, Cytochrome-C, Apo-1/Fas, Malondialdehyde, P53/Tumor Protein-P53) in the liver, it was observed that the doses of chlorine dioxide used in the study did not trigger apoptosis and oxidative stress in sea bass and it was seen that ELISA values in the tissue decreased compared to the control group. It was also observed that chlorine dioxide reduced the bacterial load in seawater. As a result, it has been concluded that chlorine dioxide can be used for limited periods in the dose ranges of 0.750 - 1.125 mg/l in sea bass grown in salt water, in aquaculture disinfection.
Fisheries are important protein sources that make significant contributions to the national economies. Although sea bass accounts for 37% of the total market volume in Turkey, it is possible to produce it in all our seas. Diseases and stress factors, which are at the beginning of the difficulties and losses encountered in sea bass farming, are act as a limiting factors in production. Water quality is the most important parameter in eliminating diseases and stress factors. Filter systems, UV treatment, etc., are commonly used to ensure water quality. While physical methods are applied, ozone and chlorine are used chemically. Ozone and chlorine can cause undesirable pathological effects in fish, as well as limited use and effectiveness. In this thesis study, the aim was to investigate the pathological effects of using of chlorine dioxide at different concentrations (0.375, 0.750, 1.125, 1.5, 1.875, and 2.250 mg/l) for 7 days in seawater sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) on tissues and organs (skin, gill, liver, heart, kidney, and intestines). Additionally, liver function tests in serum and the evaluation of oxidative stress and apoptosis biomarkers in tissue (liver) were conducted. During the study, hemorrhages were observed in the gills and liver, macroscopically. In histopathological examinations, degeneration, necrotic spills in the gills, swelling of hepatocytes in the liver, vacuole formations and necrosis, and edema in the brain were determined in parallel with the increase in dose. Histopathological changes were scored as 1, 2, 3, and 4 according to the severity of the lesion, with the control group scoring 0. When the liver and gill tissue scorings were evaluated, it was determined that the high-dose groups (1.5, 1.875, and, 2.25 mg/l) scores were significantly higher in the liver and gills in parallel with the dose increase, while the low-dose groups (0.375, 0.75 and 1.125 mg/l) decreased the dose. This decrease was found to be age-dependent (p<0.001). It was determined that serum liver function tests (CK, ALP, AST, ALT, TP, and ALB) indicated varying levels of degeneration depending on the dose increase. In addition, from the ELISA measurement results of oxidative stress and apoptosis biomarkers (Fish Caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor-α, Cytochrome-C, Apo-1/Fas, Malondialdehyde, P53/Tumor Protein-P53) in the liver, it was observed that the doses of chlorine dioxide used in the study did not trigger apoptosis and oxidative stress in sea bass and it was seen that ELISA values in the tissue decreased compared to the control group. It was also observed that chlorine dioxide reduced the bacterial load in seawater. As a result, it has been concluded that chlorine dioxide can be used for limited periods in the dose ranges of 0.750 - 1.125 mg/l in sea bass grown in salt water, in aquaculture disinfection.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Klordioksit, histopatoloji, levrek, oksidatif stres, toksisite, Chlorine dioxide, oxidative stress, pathology, sea bass, toxicity
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Vural, E., (2023). Yüksek Doz Klordioksit Uygulanan Levreklerde (Dicentrarchus Labrax L., 1758) Toksik Patolojik Bulguların Araştırılması. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
