Mekanik alaşımlama ile üretilen Mg(1-X)SnX alaşımlarının mekanik ve invivo özelliklerinin incelenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, biyoçözünür malzeme olarak kullanılması planlan farklı öğütme süreleri (0.5 sa., 2 sa., 4 sa., 4 sa., 8 sa. ve 12 sa.) ve takviye oranlarında (ağ. %1,3 ve 9 Sn) yeni nesil magnezyum esaslı kompozit alaşımlarının mekanik alaşımlama (bilyeli öğütme) ile üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Takviye oranı ve bilyeli öğütme süresinin tozun morfolojisi ve kristalografik özellikleri üzerinde meydana getirdiği değişimler SEM, EDS, XRD ve partikül boyutu analizi ile karakterize edilmiştir. Değişken parametrelerin etkisi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda toz morfolojisi ve kristalografik özellikler üzerindeki en etkin değişkenin bilyeli öğütme süresi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. bilyeli öğütme işlemi tamamlanan tozlar soğuk preslendikten sonra elde edilen yaş numune 400°C de 2 saat sinterleme işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Sinterlenen numunelere SEM ile mikro yapı karakterizasyonu, sertlik, yoğunluk ve tahribatsız muayene yöntemlerinden ultrasonik metotla elastisite modülü analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilerden, 4 saate kadar bilyeli öğütme süresinde elde edilen tozların SEM ve XRD sonuçlarından tekstür oluşumu meydana geldiği saptanmıştır. 8 ve 12 saat bilyeli öğütme sürelerinde ise, aşırı plastik deformasyon nedeni ile partiküllerin kırılarak, partikül boyutunun azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. ağ. %3 ve %9 Sn takviyeli tozların XRD sonuçlarından 4 saate kadar bilyeli öğütme işlemi sonucunda yapıda Sn piklerinin varlığı devam ederken 4 saat ve üzeri öğütme sürelerinde Mg2Sn intermetaliği kendini gösterme eğilimine geçmektedir. Özellikle 8 ve 12 saat öğütme sürelerinde Sn piklerinin tamamen kaybolduğu bir kısmının Mg içerisinde çözündüğü bir kısmının da intermetalik oluşturarak kararlı hale geçtiği anlaşılmıştır. Mikro yapıda takviye elemanının homojen bir şekilde dağılması için 8 saat öğütme süresinin ideal olduğu SEM ve XRD sonuçlarından hareket ile tespit edilmiştir. Sertlik ve elastisite modülü analizlerinde optimum sonuçları gösteren malzeme grubunun 8 saat bilyeli öğütülmüş ağ. %9 Sn takviyeli kompozit alaşımlarında sırası ile 72,1 Hv ve 36,2 GPa elde edilmiştir. 8 saat bilyeli öğütme optimum toz öğütme süresi olarak belirlendiği için invivo deneyleri olarak yapılması planlanan larval toksisite, yaşama-gelişme, ömür uzunluğu ve eşey oranı analizleri bu toz öğütme süresinin farklı Sn oranlarındaki tozlarına gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan invivo deneylerinde 8 saat bilyeli öğütülmüş ağ. %3 ve %9 Sn takviyeli tozlarda herhangi bir larval toksik etkiye rastlanmamıştır. Sinterlenmiş numunelerden optimum değerleri elde ettiğimiz 8 saat öğütülmüş ağ. %9 Sn-Mg kompozit alaşımına tozlar için gerçekleştirilen invivo deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiş olup sinterlenen ürünün larval olarak toksik olmadığı canlının yaşama gelişimini olumsuz etkilemediği, ömür uzunluğunda herhangi bir değişiklik meydana getirmediği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar geliştirilen alaşımın mekanik özelliklerinin kemiğinkine yakın değerlerde olduğunu ve canlı için toksik etkiler sergilemediğini ortaya koymuştur.
In this study, different milling times (0.5 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr, 4 hr, 8 hr and 12 hr) and reinforcement ratios (1.3% wt. and 9 s.) the production of new generation magnesium-based composite alloys was carried out by mechanical alloying (ball milling). The changes in the morphology and crystallographic properties of the powder by the reinforcement ratio and ball milling time were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and particle size analysis. Considering the effect of variable parameters, it was determined that the most effective variable on powder morphology and crystallographic properties was ball milling time. The green compact obtained after cold pressing of the powders, whose ball milling process was completed, was subjected to sintering process at 400°C for 2 hours. Microstructure Characterization with SEM, Hardness, density and modulus of elasticity analyzes by ultrasonic method, which is one of the non-destructive testing methods, were performed on the sintered samples. From the data obtained as a result of the study, it was determined that texture formation occurred from the SEM and XRD results of the powders obtained in ball milling time up to 4 hours. In 8 and 12 hours ball milling times, it was determined that the particles were broken due to excessive plastic deformation and the particle size decreased. According to the XRD results of wt. 3% and 9% Sn reinforced powders, the presence of Sn peaks in the structure as a result of ball milling process up to 4 hours, while the Mg2Sn intermetallic tends to show itself at grinding times of 4 hours and above. It was understood that the Sn peaks completely disappeared, some of them dissolved in Mg, and some of them became stable by forming intermetallics, especially at 8 and 12 hours grinding times. It has been determined from the SEM and XRD results that 8 hours of milling time is ideal for the homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement element in the microstructure. 8 hour ball milled of material group showing optimum results in hardness and modulus of elasticity analyses 72.1 Hv and 36.2 GPa were obtained, respectively, in 9% Sn reinforced composite alloys. Since 8 hours of ball milling was determined as the optimum powder milling time, larval toxicity, survival-development, lifespan and sex ratio analyzes planned as in vivo experiments were carried out on powders with different Sn ratios of this powder milling time. Ball milled for 8 hours in invivo experiments no larval toxic effects were found in wt. 3% and 9% Sn supplemented powders. 8 hours ball milling from which we obtained the optimum values from the sintered samples Invivo experiments were carried out for 9% Sn-Mg composite alloy powders and it was determined that the sintered product was not larvally toxic, did not adversely affect the survival of the organism, and did not cause any change in the life time. The results obtained proved that the mechanical properties of the developed alloy were close to bone and did not exhibit toxic effects for living creature.
In this study, different milling times (0.5 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr, 4 hr, 8 hr and 12 hr) and reinforcement ratios (1.3% wt. and 9 s.) the production of new generation magnesium-based composite alloys was carried out by mechanical alloying (ball milling). The changes in the morphology and crystallographic properties of the powder by the reinforcement ratio and ball milling time were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and particle size analysis. Considering the effect of variable parameters, it was determined that the most effective variable on powder morphology and crystallographic properties was ball milling time. The green compact obtained after cold pressing of the powders, whose ball milling process was completed, was subjected to sintering process at 400°C for 2 hours. Microstructure Characterization with SEM, Hardness, density and modulus of elasticity analyzes by ultrasonic method, which is one of the non-destructive testing methods, were performed on the sintered samples. From the data obtained as a result of the study, it was determined that texture formation occurred from the SEM and XRD results of the powders obtained in ball milling time up to 4 hours. In 8 and 12 hours ball milling times, it was determined that the particles were broken due to excessive plastic deformation and the particle size decreased. According to the XRD results of wt. 3% and 9% Sn reinforced powders, the presence of Sn peaks in the structure as a result of ball milling process up to 4 hours, while the Mg2Sn intermetallic tends to show itself at grinding times of 4 hours and above. It was understood that the Sn peaks completely disappeared, some of them dissolved in Mg, and some of them became stable by forming intermetallics, especially at 8 and 12 hours grinding times. It has been determined from the SEM and XRD results that 8 hours of milling time is ideal for the homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement element in the microstructure. 8 hour ball milled of material group showing optimum results in hardness and modulus of elasticity analyses 72.1 Hv and 36.2 GPa were obtained, respectively, in 9% Sn reinforced composite alloys. Since 8 hours of ball milling was determined as the optimum powder milling time, larval toxicity, survival-development, lifespan and sex ratio analyzes planned as in vivo experiments were carried out on powders with different Sn ratios of this powder milling time. Ball milled for 8 hours in invivo experiments no larval toxic effects were found in wt. 3% and 9% Sn supplemented powders. 8 hours ball milling from which we obtained the optimum values from the sintered samples Invivo experiments were carried out for 9% Sn-Mg composite alloy powders and it was determined that the sintered product was not larvally toxic, did not adversely affect the survival of the organism, and did not cause any change in the life time. The results obtained proved that the mechanical properties of the developed alloy were close to bone and did not exhibit toxic effects for living creature.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Elastisite Modülü, Karakterizasyon, Mekanik Alaşımlama, Öğütme Süresi, Toksisite, Characterization, Elastic Modulus, Mechanical Alloying, Milling Time, Toxicity
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Sübütay, H. (2023). Mekanik alaşımlama ile üretilen Mg(1-X)SnX alaşımlarının mekanik ve invivo özelliklerinin incelenmesi. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
