Genç Haltercilere Uygulanan Farklı Kuvvet Antrenmanlarının Koparma ve Silkme Performansları ile Bazı Hormon Düzeylerine Etkisi
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırmada; genç haltercilere uygulanan farklı kuvvet antrenmanlarının koparma ve
silkme performansları ile bazı hormon düzeylerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Araştırmaya en az iki (2) yıl antrenman deneyimi olan 32 gönüllü halter sporcusu katılmıştır.
Sporcular antrenman deneyimleri ve biyolojik yaş bilgileri (15-20 yaş arası), 1 RM (maksimal
kaldırılabilen ağırlık) koparma ve silkme performansları ve anaerobik güç (dikey sıçrama) ölçümleri
belirlendikten sonra bu veriler dikkate alınarak antrenman deneyimi ve performans ortalamalarının
benzer olması amacıyla rastgele 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Bu gruplar; Dalgasal Grup (DG: Yaş 16,88±1,45
yıl, boy uzunluğu 173,26±5,40 cm, vücut ağırlığı 72,61±13,04 kg, antrenman deneyimi 4,50±2,07 yıl),
Seri Grup (SG: Yaş 16,75±1,75 yıl, boy uzunluğu 170,01±9,72 cm, vücut ağırlığı 76,87±18,62 kg,
antrenman deneyimi 4,63±2,61 yıl), Maksimal Grup (MG: Yaş 16,63±1,92 yıl, boy uzunluğu
174,66±8,10 cm, vücut ağırlığı 76,07±19,04 kg, antrenman deneyimi 4,25±1,58 yıl) Kontrol Grubu
(KG: yaş 17,13±1,24 yıl, boy uzunluğu 173,51±6,62 cm, vücut ağırlığı 75,70±14,75 kg, antrenman
deneyimi 4,38±2,97 yıl) olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Antrenman gruplarına, rutin koparma ve silkme
antrenmanlarına ek olarak, 8 haftalık antrenman periyodu boyunca, haftanın 5 günü, yaklaşık olarak
90-120 dakika (ortalama 100 dakika) süre ile 3 farklı kuvvet antrenmanı (DG, 1 RM’nin %80’i ile 5
set, 5-4-3-2-1 tekrar, SG, 1 RM’nin %80’i ile 5 set, 5 tekrar, MG, 1 RM’nin %100’ü ile 5 set, 1 tekrar)
uygulanmıştır. 8 haftalık antrenman periyodu öncesinde ve sonrasında sporcuların maksimal koparma
ve silkme değerleri 1 RM yöntemi kullanılarak, anaerobik güçleri ise dikey sıçrama yöntemi
kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Antrenman periyodu başlamadan bir (1) gün önce ve antrenman periyodu
bitiminden bir (1) gün sonra, sporculardan sabah 08:00-09:00 arası aç karnına, venöz (dirsek vena)
kan serum örnekleri alınarak büyüme hormonu (BH), insülin benzeri büyüme faktörü-1 (IGF-1), total
testosteron (TT), insülin (İNS) ve TSH hormon düzeyleri incelenmiştir.
Bu araştırmada elde edilen veriler, SPSS 21.0 for Windows paket programı ile analiz
edilmiştir. Öncelikle, tanımlayıcı aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Her
bir grup için tüm verilerin ön test ve son test grup içi sonuçları “Bağımlı Grup T-Testi (Paried Samples T-Test)” kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Gruplar arası ön test ve son test farklılıklarının
karşılaştırılmasında ise “Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA)” kullanılmıştır.
8 haftalık kuvvet antrenman periyodu öncesi ve sonrası grup içi koparma, silkme ve
anaerobik güç performansları incelendiğinde, DG, SG ve MG’de anlamlı fark tespit edilmiş (p<0,05),
KG de ise anlamlı bir fark tespit edilememiştir (p>0,05). Gruplar arası koparma, silkme ve anaerobik
güç performansları incelendiğinde anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Grup içi hormonal
düzeyleri incelendiğinde, DG, SG ve MG için, BH, TT, İNS ve TSH düzeylerinde anlamlı bir fark
tespit edilemezken (p>0,05), KG dahil tüm gruplarda IGF-1 düzeylerinde anlamlı bir fark tespit
edilmiştir (p<0,05). KG TSH düzeyinde ise azalma yönünde anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05).
Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalar incelendiğinde ise BH, IGF-1 TT, İNS ve TSH düzeylerinde anlamlı bir
fark oluşturmadığı görülmüştür (p>0,05).
Sonuç olarak, çalışmamızda uygulanan kuvvet antrenman yöntemlerinin BH, TT, İNS ve
TSH hormon düzeylerine etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. IGF-1’de ise, kuvvet antrenmanlarının
anlamlı bir fark oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Performans açısından yapılan değerlendirmelerde ise kuvvet
antrenmanlarının koparma, silkme ve anaerobik güç performanslarını artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.
İstatistiki fark bulunmamakla birlikte performans artışını diğer gruplara nazaran oransal olarak daha
fazla artıran MG yüklenme yöntemi, antrenörler ve sporcular tarafından, halter antrenmanlarında
koparma, silkme ve anaerobik güç performanslarını artırmaya yönelik uygulanması önerilmektedir.
This study aimed to examine the effects of different strength training applied to young weightlifters on snatch and clean and jerk performances and some hormone levels. Thirty-two (32) volunteer weightlifters with at least two (2) years of training experience participated in the study. Athletes were randomly divided into 4 groups in order to have similar training experience and performance averages, taking into account the data collected after their training experience, biological age information (between 15-20 years old), 1 RM (maximum liftable weight) snatch and clean and jerk performance, and anaerobic power measurement results were determined. These groups were; Undulating Group (UG) (age 16,88±1,45 years, height 173,26±5,40 cm, body weight 72,61±13,04 kg, training experience 4,50±2,07 years), Series Group (SG) (age 16,75±1,75 years, height 170,01±9,72 cm, body weight 76,87±18,62 kg, training experience 4,63±2,61 years), Maximal Group (MG) (age 16,63±1,92 years, height 174,66±8,10 cm, body weight 76,07±19,04 kg, training experience 4,25±1,58 years) Control Group (CG) ) (age 17,13±1,24 years, height 173,51±6,62 cm, body weight 75,70±14,75 kg, training experience 4,38±2,97 years). In addition to routine snatch and jerk workouts in training groups, 3 different strength training sessions for approximately 90-120 minutes (100 minutes on average), 5 days a week, (UG, 80% of 1 RM, 5 sets, 5-4-3-2-1 repetitions, SG, 80% of 1 RM 5 sets, 5 repetitions, MG, 1 RM 5 sets, 1 repetition) were performed during the 8-week training period. Before and after the 8-week training period, the maximum snatch and clean and jerk values of the athletes were calculated using the 1 RM method, and their anaerobic power was calculated using the vertical jump method. One (1) day before the start of the training period and one (1) day after the end of the training period, venous (elbow vena) blood serum samples were taken from the athletes on an empty stomach between 08:00 and 09:00 in the morning, and growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total testosterone (TT), insulin (INS) and TSH hormone levels were examined. The data obtained in this study were analyzed with the SPSS 21.0 for the windows package program. In this study, firstly descriptive arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were calculated. Pre-test and post-test within-group results of all data for each group were calculated using the “Paired-Samples T-Test”. "One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)" was used to compare the pre-test and post-test differences between the groups. When the snatch, clean and jerk and anaerobic power performances within the group were examined before and after the 8-week strength training period, a significant difference was found in UG, SG and MG (p<0.05), but no significant difference was found in KG (p>0 .05). When the snatch, clean and jerk and anaerobic power performances between the groups were examined, no significant difference was found (p>0.05). When in-group hormonal levels were analyzed, no significant difference was found in GH, TT, INS and TSH levels for UG, SG and MG (p>0.05), while a significant difference was found in IGF-1 levels in all groups including KG (p<0.05). A significant difference was found in the direction of a decrease for TSH level (p<0.05) in KG. When the comparisons between the groups were examined, it was seen that there was no significant difference in GH, IGF-1, TT, INS and TSH levels (p>0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that the strength training methods applied in our study had no effect on GH, TT, INS and TSH hormone levels. In IGF-1, it was seen that strength training made a significant difference. In the evaluations made in terms of performance, it was determined that strength training increased snatching, jerking and anaerobic power performances. Although there is no statistical difference, the MG loading method, which increases the performance increase proportionally more than the other groups, is recommended to be applied by trainers and athletes to increase snatch, clean and jerk and anaerobic power performances in weightlifting training.
This study aimed to examine the effects of different strength training applied to young weightlifters on snatch and clean and jerk performances and some hormone levels. Thirty-two (32) volunteer weightlifters with at least two (2) years of training experience participated in the study. Athletes were randomly divided into 4 groups in order to have similar training experience and performance averages, taking into account the data collected after their training experience, biological age information (between 15-20 years old), 1 RM (maximum liftable weight) snatch and clean and jerk performance, and anaerobic power measurement results were determined. These groups were; Undulating Group (UG) (age 16,88±1,45 years, height 173,26±5,40 cm, body weight 72,61±13,04 kg, training experience 4,50±2,07 years), Series Group (SG) (age 16,75±1,75 years, height 170,01±9,72 cm, body weight 76,87±18,62 kg, training experience 4,63±2,61 years), Maximal Group (MG) (age 16,63±1,92 years, height 174,66±8,10 cm, body weight 76,07±19,04 kg, training experience 4,25±1,58 years) Control Group (CG) ) (age 17,13±1,24 years, height 173,51±6,62 cm, body weight 75,70±14,75 kg, training experience 4,38±2,97 years). In addition to routine snatch and jerk workouts in training groups, 3 different strength training sessions for approximately 90-120 minutes (100 minutes on average), 5 days a week, (UG, 80% of 1 RM, 5 sets, 5-4-3-2-1 repetitions, SG, 80% of 1 RM 5 sets, 5 repetitions, MG, 1 RM 5 sets, 1 repetition) were performed during the 8-week training period. Before and after the 8-week training period, the maximum snatch and clean and jerk values of the athletes were calculated using the 1 RM method, and their anaerobic power was calculated using the vertical jump method. One (1) day before the start of the training period and one (1) day after the end of the training period, venous (elbow vena) blood serum samples were taken from the athletes on an empty stomach between 08:00 and 09:00 in the morning, and growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total testosterone (TT), insulin (INS) and TSH hormone levels were examined. The data obtained in this study were analyzed with the SPSS 21.0 for the windows package program. In this study, firstly descriptive arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were calculated. Pre-test and post-test within-group results of all data for each group were calculated using the “Paired-Samples T-Test”. "One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)" was used to compare the pre-test and post-test differences between the groups. When the snatch, clean and jerk and anaerobic power performances within the group were examined before and after the 8-week strength training period, a significant difference was found in UG, SG and MG (p<0.05), but no significant difference was found in KG (p>0 .05). When the snatch, clean and jerk and anaerobic power performances between the groups were examined, no significant difference was found (p>0.05). When in-group hormonal levels were analyzed, no significant difference was found in GH, TT, INS and TSH levels for UG, SG and MG (p>0.05), while a significant difference was found in IGF-1 levels in all groups including KG (p<0.05). A significant difference was found in the direction of a decrease for TSH level (p<0.05) in KG. When the comparisons between the groups were examined, it was seen that there was no significant difference in GH, IGF-1, TT, INS and TSH levels (p>0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that the strength training methods applied in our study had no effect on GH, TT, INS and TSH hormone levels. In IGF-1, it was seen that strength training made a significant difference. In the evaluations made in terms of performance, it was determined that strength training increased snatching, jerking and anaerobic power performances. Although there is no statistical difference, the MG loading method, which increases the performance increase proportionally more than the other groups, is recommended to be applied by trainers and athletes to increase snatch, clean and jerk and anaerobic power performances in weightlifting training.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Halter, Hormon, Koparma, Kuvvet Antrenmanları, Silkme, Clean and Jerk, Hormone, Snatch, Strength Training, Weightlifting
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Tokay, B., (2022). Genç Haltercilere Uygulanan Farklı Kuvvet Antrenmanlarının Koparma ve Silkme Performansları ile Bazı Hormon Düzeylerine Etkisi. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
