Mâtürîdî’de Vahyin, Bireyi ve Toplumu İnşası
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022 Aralık
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Yetkin bir mütekellim olmasının yanında hacimli bir tefsir eseri de bulunan İmam Mâtürîdî (ö. 333/944) muhtemelen müfessir kimliğinin de katkısıyla bireyin ve toplumun temel meseleleriyle yakından ilgilenmiştir. Bu yönüyle Mâtürîdî düşüncede vahyin bireyi inşası açısından tefekkür, tevhid, özgürlük, adalet, bireysel yetkinlik, hikmet ve âkıbet gibi kavramlar ön plana çıkarılmıştır. Mâtürîdî’nin toplum tasavvuru ise vahyin ışığında tevhid, adalet, emanet, ihsan, sorumluluk, çoğulculuk, toplumsal barış, fazilet ve erdem terimleri ekseninde kurgulanmıştır. O, öncelikle “küçük âlem” şeklinde isimlendirdiği insanın bireysel hayatını şekillendirecek olan ve doğuştan ona yüklenen fıtrata dair özellikleri ve bunlarla uyum halindeki dinî ve ahlâkî ilkeleri tespit etmiştir. Bunu yaparken de insanın içinde yaşadığı toplumu, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik durumları dikkate almıştır. Sonrasında ise bireysel ve toplumsal bilincin oluşturulması adına ferde, topluma ve vahye yüklenen anlamlar üzerinde durmuştur. Bireyin ve toplumun inşasında mikro âlem olan bireyle makro âlemi temsil eden toplum ve âlem arasında temelde yaratılış itibariyle bir uyumun bulunduğu iddiasıyla hareket eden Mâtürîdî, sistemini de buna göre dizayn etmiştir. Vahyin kurucu ve aklı destekleyici bir unsur olduğunu kabul eden Mâtürîdî esasında Hazreti Muhammed’e kadar uzanan peygamberlik çizgisinin bütünüyle bu misyonu icra ettiğini düşünmektedir. Ayrıca o, vahyin bireysel ve toplumsal hayatta akılla bilinmesi mümkün olmayan meselelerde dayanılması gereken yegâne unsur olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu yönüyle de Mâtürîdî açısından vahiy insanoğlu için Allah’ın bir lütfudur. Çünkü ona göre vahiy insanları Allah’a itaate teşvik eden ve onların taate muvaffak olmalarını sağlayan aslî faktördür. Vahye muhatap olan ve onu insanlara tebliğ etmekle görevlendirilen peygamberler de anılan gerekçelerle rahmet olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda makale boyunca Mâtürîdî’nin görüşleri merkeze alınarak vahyin, bireyin ve toplumun inşasındaki rolü tartışılacaktır.
M?tur?d? (d. 333/944), who has a voluminous work of tafsir in addition to being a competent mutakallim, was closely interested in the basic issues of the individual and society. In this aspect, concepts such as contemplation, tawhid, freedom, justice, individual competence, wisdom and end are brought to the fore in terms of the construction of the individual of revelation in M?tur?d? thought. M?tur?d?'s conception of society, on the other hand, is fictionalized in the light of revelation on the axis of the terms tawhid, justice, trust, benevolence, responsibility, pluralism, social peace, merit and virtue. First of all, he determined the characteristics of the creation that is attributed to him from birth and will shape the individual life of the human being, which he named as the "small world", and the religious and moral principles that are in harmony with them. While he was doing this, he took into account the society, socio-cultural and economic conditions in which people live. Acting with the claim that there is a harmony in terms of creation, between the individual, which is the micro-world, and the society and the world, which represents the macroworld, in the construction of the individual and society, M?tur?d? designed his system accordingly. M?tur?d?, who accepts that revelation is a founding and supporting element of reason, thinks that the line of prophethood that goes back to the prophet Mu?ammad actually fulfills this mission. In addition, he points out that revelation is the only element that must be relied upon in matters that cannot be known by reason in individual and social life. In this respect, from the point of view of M?tur?d?, revelation is a benedicite of Allah for human beings. Because, according to him, revelation is the main factor that encourages people to obey Allah and enables them to be successful in obedience. Prophets, who were addressed by revelation and were assigned to convey it to people, were also described as mercy for the aforementioned reasons. In this context, throughout the article, the role of revelation in the construction of the individual and society will be discussed by focusing on M?tur?d? 's views.
M?tur?d? (d. 333/944), who has a voluminous work of tafsir in addition to being a competent mutakallim, was closely interested in the basic issues of the individual and society. In this aspect, concepts such as contemplation, tawhid, freedom, justice, individual competence, wisdom and end are brought to the fore in terms of the construction of the individual of revelation in M?tur?d? thought. M?tur?d?'s conception of society, on the other hand, is fictionalized in the light of revelation on the axis of the terms tawhid, justice, trust, benevolence, responsibility, pluralism, social peace, merit and virtue. First of all, he determined the characteristics of the creation that is attributed to him from birth and will shape the individual life of the human being, which he named as the "small world", and the religious and moral principles that are in harmony with them. While he was doing this, he took into account the society, socio-cultural and economic conditions in which people live. Acting with the claim that there is a harmony in terms of creation, between the individual, which is the micro-world, and the society and the world, which represents the macroworld, in the construction of the individual and society, M?tur?d? designed his system accordingly. M?tur?d?, who accepts that revelation is a founding and supporting element of reason, thinks that the line of prophethood that goes back to the prophet Mu?ammad actually fulfills this mission. In addition, he points out that revelation is the only element that must be relied upon in matters that cannot be known by reason in individual and social life. In this respect, from the point of view of M?tur?d?, revelation is a benedicite of Allah for human beings. Because, according to him, revelation is the main factor that encourages people to obey Allah and enables them to be successful in obedience. Prophets, who were addressed by revelation and were assigned to convey it to people, were also described as mercy for the aforementioned reasons. In this context, throughout the article, the role of revelation in the construction of the individual and society will be discussed by focusing on M?tur?d? 's views.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kelâm, Mâtürîdî, Vahiy, Toplum, Birey, İnşa, Kalām, Revelation, Society, Individual, Construction
Kaynak
Tevilat Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
3
Sayı
2
Künye
Demir, O. N., (2022). Mâtürîdî’de Vahyin, Bireyi ve Toplumu İnşası. Tevilat Dergisi, 3, (2), 363-381.
DOI: 10.53352/tevilat.1216044
