Futbolda penaltı vuruşunun kinematiği: Kaleci faktörünün etkisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2016
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırmanın amacı futbolda penaltı vuruşu sırasında kaleci faktörünün vuruşun kinematikleri üzerine olan etkisini göstermekti. Araştırmaya profesyonel futbol oynamış 5 futbolcu ve 1 kaleci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Belirlenen hedeflere kalecili ve kalecisiz yapılan isabetli penaltı vuruşları 2 adet kamera (Phatron, SA3, 120K, Japonya) kullanılarak kaydedildi. Penaltılar saniyede 2000 kare görüntü yakalayacak hızda kayıt yaptı. Kalecili ve kalecisiz vuruşlar ile temas öncesi ve sonrası arasındaki farklılıklar tekrarlayan ölçümlerde varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile karşılaştırıldı. Çalışmada topun ve vuruş bacağının üç boyutlu doğrusal hızı ile vuruş bacağının açısal kinematikleri dijitize programı (HUBAG, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Biyomekanik Araştırma Grubu) kullanılarak elde edildi. Antropometrik noktaların hızlarında kalecili-kalecisiz vuruşlar açısından farklılık bulunmazken, hedefler açısından anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sağ üst köşeye yapılan kalecisiz vuruşlarda topun yana (Z ekseni) hızı kalecili vuruşa göre daha hızlı olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Antropometrik noktaların top temas öncesi ve sonrası hızları değerlendirildiğinde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunurken (p<0,05), kalçanın 3 eksende de temas öncesi ve sonrası arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Vuruş bacağı üye kütle merkezlerinin 3 eksende doğrusal hızlarında kalecili ve kalecisiz vuruşlar açısından anlamlı farklılık bulunmazken, alt bacak ve ayak üyelerinin doğrusal hızlarında hedef faktörlerine göre anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Alt bacak ve ayak üyelerin kütle merkezlerinin topa temas öncesi öne doğrusal hızı topa temas sonrasından yüksek bulunmuştur. Diz ve ayak bileği eklem açıları ve açısal hızları kalecili-kalecisiz vuruşlar açısından değerlendirildiğinde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmazken, hedef faktörlerine göre anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ayak üyesinin yatay ile yaptığı açılar değerlendirildiğinde sol köşeye yapılan vuruşlarda sağ köşeye yapılan vuruşlara göre daha küçük açılarda topa temas ettiği bulunmuştur. Sonuçta penaltı vuruşlarında kalede kaleci olmasının topa vuruşun kinematiğini etkilemediği, ancak hedefin yapılan vuruşların kinematiğinde önemli olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects on the kicking kinematics of goalkeeper factor during the penalty kicking in soccer. Five professional players and one goalkeeper voluntarily participated in the study. Accurate penalty shots to fixed targets without and with goalkeeper in goalpost were recorded using two high speed cameras (Phatron, SA3, 120K, Japan). The cameras were set to record operating at 2000 fields per second the penalties. Differences between penalty shots performed without and with goalkeeper were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). In this study, 3-dimensional linear velocity of the ball and anthropometric points in kicking leg, and the angular kinematics of kicking leg were digitized by using (HUBAG, Hacettepe University Biomechanic Research Group). Although a significant difference was not found between penalty shots without and with goalkeeper, significant differences were found with regard to targets (p<0,05). The linear horizontal velocity of the ball (Z axis) was significantly greater in penalty shot kicked to right top corner without goalkeeper than that of right top corner with goalkeeper (p<0,05). When the velocity of anthropometric points were evaluated before and after contact, it was revealed that there were significant differences, but no significant difference was found between before and after contact in 3-axis of the hip. While significant difference was found between penalty shots without and with goalkeeper in the linear velocity of the center of mass of segments in kicking leg, significant differences were found with regard to target factor in linear velocity of the center of mass of lower leg and foot (p<0,05). The forward linear velocity of the center of mass of lower leg and foot was significantly greater before contact than after contact (p<0,05). No a significant difference was found between penalty shots without and with goalkeeper in the angular velocities and angles of the knee and ankle joints, significant differences were found with regard to target factor (p<0,05). It was found out that the angle between horizontal exis and foot segment was less in penalty shots kicked to the left corner than that of the shots kicked to the right corner. In conclusion, the kinematics of the kicking were not affected to be a goalkeeper in goalpost factor in the penalty kicking in soccer, but it revealed that the target was important on the kinematics of kicking.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects on the kicking kinematics of goalkeeper factor during the penalty kicking in soccer. Five professional players and one goalkeeper voluntarily participated in the study. Accurate penalty shots to fixed targets without and with goalkeeper in goalpost were recorded using two high speed cameras (Phatron, SA3, 120K, Japan). The cameras were set to record operating at 2000 fields per second the penalties. Differences between penalty shots performed without and with goalkeeper were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). In this study, 3-dimensional linear velocity of the ball and anthropometric points in kicking leg, and the angular kinematics of kicking leg were digitized by using (HUBAG, Hacettepe University Biomechanic Research Group). Although a significant difference was not found between penalty shots without and with goalkeeper, significant differences were found with regard to targets (p<0,05). The linear horizontal velocity of the ball (Z axis) was significantly greater in penalty shot kicked to right top corner without goalkeeper than that of right top corner with goalkeeper (p<0,05). When the velocity of anthropometric points were evaluated before and after contact, it was revealed that there were significant differences, but no significant difference was found between before and after contact in 3-axis of the hip. While significant difference was found between penalty shots without and with goalkeeper in the linear velocity of the center of mass of segments in kicking leg, significant differences were found with regard to target factor in linear velocity of the center of mass of lower leg and foot (p<0,05). The forward linear velocity of the center of mass of lower leg and foot was significantly greater before contact than after contact (p<0,05). No a significant difference was found between penalty shots without and with goalkeeper in the angular velocities and angles of the knee and ankle joints, significant differences were found with regard to target factor (p<0,05). It was found out that the angle between horizontal exis and foot segment was less in penalty shots kicked to the left corner than that of the shots kicked to the right corner. In conclusion, the kinematics of the kicking were not affected to be a goalkeeper in goalpost factor in the penalty kicking in soccer, but it revealed that the target was important on the kinematics of kicking.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ayak içi vuruş, Biyomekanik, Hedef, Linside kicking, Biomechanics, Target, Futbol, Football
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Tunçel, A. (2016). Futbolda penaltı vuruşunun kinematiği: Kaleci faktörünün etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Konya.
