Sovyetler Birliği’nin Afganistan’ı işgali ve Türkler
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Afganistan’da 1979 ve 1989 yılları arasında devam eden Sovyet işgali Soğuk Savaş’ın son büyük silahlı çatışmasına yol açmıştır. “Savr Devrimi” olarak adlandırılan 1978 hükümet darbesinin Sovyet yanlısı yönetimine karşı başlayan münferit ve örgütsüz ayaklanmalar Sovyet Ordusu’nun Afganistan’a girmesiyle üçüncü tarafların desteklediği geniş kapsamlı bir direniş mücadelesine dönüşmüştür. Krizin asıl aktörleri Sovyetler Birliği ve Marksist Afgan Hükümeti ile bunların karşısındaki direnişçilerdir. Afganistan topraklarındaki direniş grupları, Pakistan ya da İran’da yerleşik dinî nitelikli siyasi partilerin şemsiyesi altında faaliyet gösterirlerken aynı zamanda ABD, Pakistan ve Suudi Arabistan gibi ülkelerden finansal yardım ve silah desteği alıyorlardı. Bu siyasi partiler söylemlerinde yoğun olarak İslami temaları kullanmalarına rağmen aslında etnik temel ve arka planda oluşmuşlardı. Genel olarak Afganistan’daki halkın bir kısmı etnik yakınlık duydukları siyasi partilerin himayesindeki direnişçi gruplara katılmışlar, bazıları ise Sovyet yanlısı hükümet tarafında olmayı tercih etmişlerdir. Çoğunlukla Kuzey Afganistan’da yerleşik Türkler de diğer etnik gruplarda olduğu gibi aynı yolu izlemişler, Kâbil hükümetini desteklemeyi ya da Sovyet askerî güçlerine karşı koymayı seçmişlerdir. Afganistan harekâtına katılan Türk kökenli Sovyet vatandaşları da göz önüne alındığında bu coğrafyadaki Türklerin silahlı çatışmanın farklı taraflarında savaşmak zorunda kaldığı olgusu ile karşılaşılır. Bu çalışmada, Sovyet işgali ve sonrasındaki yakın dönemde Afganistan’daki ve Sovyet ordusunda görev alan Türklerin durumu ve faaliyetleri öne çıkan Türk kökenli şahsiyetler çerçevesinde incelenmiştir.
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan which lasted between the years 1979 and 1989 sparked off the last principal armed conflict of the Cold War. The seperate and unorganized uprisings against the pro-Soviet government of the 1978 coup d’etat, namely “Saur Revolution”, had transformed to be far-reaching resistance with the help of third parties wherafter the Soviet invasion took place. The primary actors of the crisis were the Soviet Union, Marxist Afghan government and the per contra insurgents. While the resistance groups in Afghan territory were operating under the umbrella of religious political parties, stationed in Pakistan or Iran, they were also enjoying financial aid and arms supply, procured by the countries like the US, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Although these political parties were extremely making use of the islamic themes in their discourses they had actually been shaped on ethnic basis and background. In the general sense, part of Afghan people partook in the resistance groups under the auspices of a political party with affiliation motives and some other preferred to be on the side of pro-soviet government. The Turks, mostly resident in Northern Afghanistan followed the same course as is the case with the other ethnic groups and they either chose the option to support Kabul government or to resist the Soviet military forces. Taking into account the Soviet citizens of Turkic origin who participated in the military expedition in Afghanistan, it is deducible to say that Turks in this geography had to fight on different sides of the armed conflict. In this paper, the situation and activities of Turks in Afghanistan and the ones who partook in the armed conflict as soviet soldiers are examined during the Soviet invasion and soon after within the scope of prominent personalities of Turkic origin.
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan which lasted between the years 1979 and 1989 sparked off the last principal armed conflict of the Cold War. The seperate and unorganized uprisings against the pro-Soviet government of the 1978 coup d’etat, namely “Saur Revolution”, had transformed to be far-reaching resistance with the help of third parties wherafter the Soviet invasion took place. The primary actors of the crisis were the Soviet Union, Marxist Afghan government and the per contra insurgents. While the resistance groups in Afghan territory were operating under the umbrella of religious political parties, stationed in Pakistan or Iran, they were also enjoying financial aid and arms supply, procured by the countries like the US, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Although these political parties were extremely making use of the islamic themes in their discourses they had actually been shaped on ethnic basis and background. In the general sense, part of Afghan people partook in the resistance groups under the auspices of a political party with affiliation motives and some other preferred to be on the side of pro-soviet government. The Turks, mostly resident in Northern Afghanistan followed the same course as is the case with the other ethnic groups and they either chose the option to support Kabul government or to resist the Soviet military forces. Taking into account the Soviet citizens of Turkic origin who participated in the military expedition in Afghanistan, it is deducible to say that Turks in this geography had to fight on different sides of the armed conflict. In this paper, the situation and activities of Turks in Afghanistan and the ones who partook in the armed conflict as soviet soldiers are examined during the Soviet invasion and soon after within the scope of prominent personalities of Turkic origin.
Açıklama
URL: http://sutad.selcuk.edu.tr/sutad/article/view/1067
Anahtar Kelimeler
Afganistan, Sovyet işgali, Türkler, Azad Beg, Reşit Dostum, Boris Kerimbayev, Afghanistan, Soviet invasion, Turks
Kaynak
Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Erman, K. (2018). Sovyetler Birliği’nin Afganistan’ı işgali ve Türkler. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (44), 303-320.
