Batı Akdeniz Bölümü'nden İç Anadolu'ya geçiş iklimleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2009-06-26
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Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Batı Akdeniz Bölümü'nden ç Anadolu'ya Geçis klimleri adlı bu çalısmanın sınırları ana hatlarıyla 360-380 301 kuzey enlemleri ile 300 101-330 251 dogu boylamları arasıdır. Çalısma, bu sınırlar içindeki yerlerin iklim özelliklerini ve farklılıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalısmanın birinci bölümünde, çalısma alanının jeolojisi ve jeomorfolojisi genel olarak incelenmistir. Çalısma alanımızda Paleozoik'ten (I.Zaman) Kuaterner'e (IV. Zaman) kadar hemen hemen tüm zamanlara ait arazileri görmekteyiz. ikinci bölümde Türkiye'yi etkileyen genel hava kosulları ve özel konumdan kaynaklanan iklim sartları ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca Türkiye'nin iklim özelliklerine de kısaca deginilmektedir. Üçüncü bölümde çalısma alanımızdaki iklim elemanları ve etmenleri ele alınmaktadır. Sıcaklık bölümünde 15 istasyonun ortalama, ortalama minimum, ortalama maksimum, mutlak minimum ve mutlak maksimum sıcaklıkları, don olayları ve süreleri degerlendirilmektedir. Ortalama basınçlar, rüzgâr hızları, hâkim rüzgâr yönleri ve frekansları incelenmektedir. Hakim rüzgâr yönleri ve frekansları Rubinstein formülüne göre yapılmıstır. Basınç ve rüzgârlardan sonra yagıslar bölümüne geçilmistir. Yıllık yagısların miktarı, mevsimlere göre dagılımları, kar yagısları, sisli günler yanında yagısların 1975?2006 yılları arasındaki egilimlerine yer verilmektedir. Thornthwaite (1948) formülüne göre istasyonların her birinin su bilânçoları ve diyagramları ile tüm istasyonların Erinç (1965) formülüne göre kuraklık indisleri hesaplanarak, sekiller olusturulmustur. Ayrıca De Martonne-Gottmann (1942), Köppen (1928), Emberger (1930) gibi arastırmacıların gelistirdigi formüller kullanılarak çalısma alanının iklim özellikleri ortaya konulmaya çalısılmıstır. Ayrıca nemliligin aylara göre durumunun daha kolay sekilde görülebilmesi için klimogramları hazırlanmıstır. Dördüncü bölümde çalısma alanındaki iklimler tespit edilmistir. Tüm istasyonların Akdeniz makrokliması içinde yer aldıgı görülmüstür. Ancak çalısma alanında birbirinden çok farklı cografi kosulların bulunması ve karasallık derecelerindeki farklılasmalar Akdeniz ikliminde degismelere (bozulmalara) yol açmıstır. Akdeniz'in kıyı kesiminde yagıs rejimi KSY olan Asıl Akdeniz iklimi hüküm sürmektedir. Asıl Akdeniz ikliminin yükseklik nedeniyle bozuldugu alanlarda AkdenizDag klimi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu alanda sıcaklıklar düsmekte, yagıs miktarı artmakta, yagıs rejimi Torosların güneyinde KSY, kuzey kesiminde KSY olarak devam etmektedir. Akdeniz etkisinin denizden uzaklasma ve kıyıya paralel olarak uzanan daglar nedeniyle zayıfladıgı ve yagıs rejiminin KSY olarak devam ettigi alanlar Karasal-Akdeniz klimi olarak isimlendirilmistir. Deniz etkisinin önemli ölçüde kayboldugu ve yagıs rejimimin KSY sekline dönüstügü alanlarda ç Anadolu Karasal klimi hüküm sürmektedir. Asıl Akdeniz ikliminin etki alanında sıcak ve kurak bir yaz mevsimi, ılık ve yagıslı bir kıs kendini göstermektedir. Akdeniz dag ikliminin etki alanında yagıslar asıl Akdeniz yagıs rejimine büyük ölçüde uymaktadır. Ancak sıcaklıklar özellikle kıs mevsiminde düsmekte ve sıcaklıga baglı meteorolojik olayların (don olaylı gün, kar yagıslı gün ve karla kaplı gün? gibi) süreleri oldukça uzamaktadır. Karasal-Akdeniz iklim alanındaki yagıs miktarı asıl Akdeniz ve Akdeniz dagı iklim alanının yagıslarına oranla düsüktür. Karasallık etkisi ile bu alanlarda ilkbahar mevsimindeki yagıslar kıs yagıslarına yaklasmaktadır. Yaz yagısları görülebilmektedir. ç Anadolu karasal ikliminde Akdeniz etkisi önemli ölçüde kaybolmus ve karasal etkiler iyice kuvvetlenmistir. Bu alanlarda kıslar sert, yazlar sıcaktır. Yagıs asgarisi yaz iken, yagıs azamisi ilkbahar mevsimine kaymıstır. SPSS paket programıyla istasyonlardaki yıllık yagısların ve yıllık sıcaklıkların egilimleri hesaplanmıstır. Egilim analizleri hem yıllık degerler hem de mevsimlik degerler için yapılmıstır. Yapılan analizlerde bazı istasyonların yıllık yagıslarında düsüs, yıllık sıcaklıklarında ise artıs egiliminin oldugu görülmüstür. Yıllık sıcaklıkların analizinde Alanya basta olmak üzere Antalya, Anamur ve Isparta istasyonlarda yıllık ortalama sıcaklıklar belirgin ve pozitif yönlü egilim ortaya çıkmıstır. Sıcaklıklardaki yükselis egilimi yaz mevsiminde daha belirginlesmistir. Yaz mevsimindeki yükselis egilimi Yalvaç ve Hadim gibi istasyonlarda da söz konusudur. Karaman ve Hadim'in 1975?2006 yagısları arasındaki yıllık yagıslarının gidisi çok belirgin negatif yönlü bir degisme göstermistir. Bu azalıs egilimi Burdur ve Konya'da orta derecede belirgin, Alanya ve Anamur'un yıllık yagıslarında daha az belirgindir. Yıllık yagıslardaki düsüs egilimi genellikle kıs mevsiminde kuvvetlenmektedir. Pek çok istasyonda kıs mevsimi en yagıslı mevsimdir. Dolayısı ile en yagıslı mevsimde meydana gelen azalma egilimi yıllık yagısların egilim yönünü de tayin etmektedir. Bunların sonucunda genel olarak sıcaklıkların gidisinde bir artıs, yagısların gidisinde bir azalıs meydana gelmektedir.
Borders of this study titled Transition Climates from Western Mediterranean Part to the Middle Anatolia is between 36°- 38° 30¹ north latitude and 30° 10¹-33°25¹ east longitude. Study reveals climatic properties and differences of places within these borders. In the first part of study, geology and geomorphology of study field was examined. In our study field, we nearly see lands of all times from Paleozoic (I. Era) to Quaternary (IV. Era). In the second part, wheather conditions influencing Turkey and climatic conditions caused by special position are discussed. Also, climatic properties of Turkey is briefly discussed. In the third part, climatic elements and factors in study field are discussed. In the temperature part, 15 stations? average, average minimum, average maximum, absolute minimum and absolute maximum temperatures, frost events and periods are evaluated. Average pressures, wind speeds, dominant wind directions and frequencies are examined. Dominant wind directions and frequencies were conducted, according to the Rubinstein formula. Then, it was mentioned the precipitation part after pressure and winds. Tendencies of precipitations between 1975-2006 years as well as quantity of annual precipitation, their distribution according to the seasons, snowfall, foggy days are given place. Water balances and diagrams of each stations were calculated according to the Thorntwaite formula (1948) and drought indices of all stations were calculated according to Erinç formula (1965), and their graphs were made. Also, climatic properties of study field was attempted to be revealed by using formulas developed researchers such as De Martonne-Gottmann (1942), Köppen (1928), Emberger (1930). Also kilograms were prepared in order to see situation of humidity more easily as to months. In the fourth part, climates in study field were determined. It?s seen that all stations are within the Mediterranean macroclimate, but existence of geographical conditions of study field that?s very different from each other and differentation in degree of continental climate caused deterioration in Mediterranean climate. In the coastside of the mediterranean sea, the Real Mediterranean Climate prevails where the precipitation regime is WASS (Winter, Autumn, Spring, Summer).In places where the real Mediterranean Climate deteriorates due to altitude, the Mediterranean Mountain Climate appears. In this area, temperature reduces, amount of precipitation increases and precipitation regime continues as WASS in the South of Taurus and as WSAS in its north. Areas where the Mediterranean effect weakens due to distancing from the Mediterranean effect and due to mountains running parallel along coastside and where the precipitation regime continues as WSAS are called as the Continental-Mediterranean Climate. In areas where the effect of sea significantly lose and precipitation regime converts into AWSS, the Middle Anatolia Continental Climate prevails. In the effect areas of the Real Mediterranean Climate, a hot and dry summer and a warm and wet winter arise. Precipitation in the effect area of the Mediterranean mountain climate highly conform to the Mediterranean precipitation regime, but temperatures reduce especially in winter and during the periods of meteorological events dependent on temperature (day with a frost event, day with a snowfall and snowcovered day etc...) rather prolongs . Amount of precipitation in the continental mediterranean climate areas is lower than the precititation of the areas of the Real Mediterranean Climate and Mediterranean Mountain Climate. Due to continental climate?s effect, precipitation in these areas during spring approximates to the winter precipitation. Summer precipitation can be seen. In the Middle Anatolia Continental Climate, effect of the Mediterranean climate largely loses and continental effects becomes rather stronger. Winters are severe and and summers are hot in these areas. Minimum precipitation occurs in summer, while maximum precipitation moves to the spring. With the SPSS package program, tendencies of annual precipitations and annual temperatures in stations were calculated. Tendency analysis were performed both for annual values and seasonal values. In the analysis performed, it?s seen that there exist some reduction in annual precipitations of some stations, while there was an upward tendency in annual temperatures. In the analysis of annual temperature, annual average precipitations in the stations of Antalya, Anamur and Isparta, mainly in Alanya appeared significant and positive directional temperatures became clearer in summer. Upward tendency in summer is in question at some stations such as Yalvaç and Hadim Direction of annual precipitations in Karaman and Hadim between 1975 and 2006 showed a very significant negative directional modification. This downward tendency is medium evident in the annual precipitations of Burdur and Konya and less evident in those of Alanya and Anamur. This downward tendency in annual precipitations generally becomes stronger in winter. In many stations, the winter is the wettest season. Therefore, downward tendency in the wettest season determines the tendency direction of annual precipitations. As a result of them, generally an increase appears in the direction of temperatures and a decrease in the direction of precipitations.
Borders of this study titled Transition Climates from Western Mediterranean Part to the Middle Anatolia is between 36°- 38° 30¹ north latitude and 30° 10¹-33°25¹ east longitude. Study reveals climatic properties and differences of places within these borders. In the first part of study, geology and geomorphology of study field was examined. In our study field, we nearly see lands of all times from Paleozoic (I. Era) to Quaternary (IV. Era). In the second part, wheather conditions influencing Turkey and climatic conditions caused by special position are discussed. Also, climatic properties of Turkey is briefly discussed. In the third part, climatic elements and factors in study field are discussed. In the temperature part, 15 stations? average, average minimum, average maximum, absolute minimum and absolute maximum temperatures, frost events and periods are evaluated. Average pressures, wind speeds, dominant wind directions and frequencies are examined. Dominant wind directions and frequencies were conducted, according to the Rubinstein formula. Then, it was mentioned the precipitation part after pressure and winds. Tendencies of precipitations between 1975-2006 years as well as quantity of annual precipitation, their distribution according to the seasons, snowfall, foggy days are given place. Water balances and diagrams of each stations were calculated according to the Thorntwaite formula (1948) and drought indices of all stations were calculated according to Erinç formula (1965), and their graphs were made. Also, climatic properties of study field was attempted to be revealed by using formulas developed researchers such as De Martonne-Gottmann (1942), Köppen (1928), Emberger (1930). Also kilograms were prepared in order to see situation of humidity more easily as to months. In the fourth part, climates in study field were determined. It?s seen that all stations are within the Mediterranean macroclimate, but existence of geographical conditions of study field that?s very different from each other and differentation in degree of continental climate caused deterioration in Mediterranean climate. In the coastside of the mediterranean sea, the Real Mediterranean Climate prevails where the precipitation regime is WASS (Winter, Autumn, Spring, Summer).In places where the real Mediterranean Climate deteriorates due to altitude, the Mediterranean Mountain Climate appears. In this area, temperature reduces, amount of precipitation increases and precipitation regime continues as WASS in the South of Taurus and as WSAS in its north. Areas where the Mediterranean effect weakens due to distancing from the Mediterranean effect and due to mountains running parallel along coastside and where the precipitation regime continues as WSAS are called as the Continental-Mediterranean Climate. In areas where the effect of sea significantly lose and precipitation regime converts into AWSS, the Middle Anatolia Continental Climate prevails. In the effect areas of the Real Mediterranean Climate, a hot and dry summer and a warm and wet winter arise. Precipitation in the effect area of the Mediterranean mountain climate highly conform to the Mediterranean precipitation regime, but temperatures reduce especially in winter and during the periods of meteorological events dependent on temperature (day with a frost event, day with a snowfall and snowcovered day etc...) rather prolongs . Amount of precipitation in the continental mediterranean climate areas is lower than the precititation of the areas of the Real Mediterranean Climate and Mediterranean Mountain Climate. Due to continental climate?s effect, precipitation in these areas during spring approximates to the winter precipitation. Summer precipitation can be seen. In the Middle Anatolia Continental Climate, effect of the Mediterranean climate largely loses and continental effects becomes rather stronger. Winters are severe and and summers are hot in these areas. Minimum precipitation occurs in summer, while maximum precipitation moves to the spring. With the SPSS package program, tendencies of annual precipitations and annual temperatures in stations were calculated. Tendency analysis were performed both for annual values and seasonal values. In the analysis performed, it?s seen that there exist some reduction in annual precipitations of some stations, while there was an upward tendency in annual temperatures. In the analysis of annual temperature, annual average precipitations in the stations of Antalya, Anamur and Isparta, mainly in Alanya appeared significant and positive directional temperatures became clearer in summer. Upward tendency in summer is in question at some stations such as Yalvaç and Hadim Direction of annual precipitations in Karaman and Hadim between 1975 and 2006 showed a very significant negative directional modification. This downward tendency is medium evident in the annual precipitations of Burdur and Konya and less evident in those of Alanya and Anamur. This downward tendency in annual precipitations generally becomes stronger in winter. In many stations, the winter is the wettest season. Therefore, downward tendency in the wettest season determines the tendency direction of annual precipitations. As a result of them, generally an increase appears in the direction of temperatures and a decrease in the direction of precipitations.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Akdeniz geçiş iklimleri, Karasal Akdeniz iklimi, Akdeniz Dağ iklimi, İç Anadolu karasal iklimi, Mediterranean mountain climate, Continental-Mediterranean climate, Middle Anatolia continental climate, Transition climate of Mediterranean
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Sarı, S. (2009). Batı Akdeniz Bölümü'nden İç Anadolu'ya geçiş iklimleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
