Farklı yumurtacı hibritlerin, yem çekmeli ve çekmesiz zorlamalı tüy dökümü programlarına, yumurta verim ve kalite performansları bakımından tepkileri üzerine araştırmalar
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2007-05-04
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Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırma, yonca unu katkılı ve arpa esaslı (AE; % 70 arpa, % 27 yonca unu), kepek esaslı (KE; % 32 kepek, %44 mısır ve % 21 yonca unu) ve yulaf esaslı (YE; % 70 yulaf, % 27 yonca unu) üç adet yem çekmesiz ve 1 adet yem çekmeli (YÇ, kontrol) olmak üzere toplam 4 adet zorlamalı tüy döküm programının, 57 haftalık yaştaki kahverengi (H&N Brown Nick) ve beyaz (Hy-Line, W-36) yumurtacı hibritlerde yumurta verim ve kalite performansları üzerine etkilerini incelenmek üzere yapılmıştır. Zorlanım periyodunda adlibitum olarak yedirilen yemler, tuz ihtiva etmeyen, % 10 ve daha fazla ham selüloz ihtiva eden, Ca' ca düşük (%1), fakat enerji (2200-2500 kcal/kg) ve protein (%11-13) bakımından orta seviyede, aminoasit ve vitaminlerce dengeli ve en düşük maliyetli olarak hazırlanmıştır. Verim döneminde tüm deneme gruplarına yumurta tavuk yemi (% 15.5 HP; 2800 kcal/kg, ME) yedirilmiştir. YÇ grubunda, tavuklar 8 gün aç bırakıldıktan sonra, zorlanım periyodu sonuna kadar dinlendirme yemi (HP %13, ME 2500 kcal/kg) verilmiştir. Zorlanım periyodunda su tüm gruplara serbest olarak verilmiştir. Çalışmada, 4'er tekerrür ve her tekerrürde 20 tavuk olmak üzere toplam 640 adet tavuk kullanılmıştır. Muamelelerin alt gruplara dağıtımı rastgele yapılmış ve iki faktörlü (2x4) tesadüf parselleri deneme planı uygulanmıştır. Aydınlatma süresi zorlanım periyodunda 10 saat/gün olarak uygulanmış olup, periyot sonundan itibaren 16 saat/gün aydınlık oluncaya kadar her hafta 30 dakika artırılmıştır. Araştırma, 6 haftası zorlanım periyodu, 40 haftası da verim dönemi olmak üzere toplam 46 hafta sürdürülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; zorlanım periyodunda genotipin, canlı ağırlık kaybı (CAK) (P<0.05), yem tüketimi, tavuk-gün yumurta verimi (adet, %), % kırık yumurta oranı ve heterofil:lenfosit (H:L) oranı üzerine etkisi önemli (P<0.01) çıkmıştır. Zorlanım programlarının, CAK, yem tüketimi, tavuk-gün yumurta verimi (adet, %), pankreas oranı (%) üzerine etkisi önemli (P<0.01) olmuştur. Zorlanım periyodu sonunda, yem çekmesiz programlarda zorlanım periyodu öncesine göre H:L oranı iki katına (0.34, 0.67) çıkarken, yem çekmeli programda (8. gün) 4 katına (0.34, 1.26) çıkmıştır. Verim döneminde; AE, YÇ, KE ve YE programlarda tavuk-gün yumurta verimi (adet) sırasıyla 199.61, 208.88, 202.76 ve 209.71 adet (P<0.05); yine tavuk- gün yumurta verimi (%) % 71.29, 74.60, 72.42 ve 74.90 (P<0.05); tavuk-kümes yumurta verimi 198.08, 205.74, 200.41 ve 201.87 adet; tavuk-kümes yumurta verimi % 70.74, 73.48, 71.58 ve 72.10; tavuk başına üretilen toplam yumurta kitlesi 13.561, 14.108, 13.837 ve 14.107 kg; kırık yumurta oranı % 1.52, 2.07, 1.62 ve 1.47; yumurta ağırlığı 67.95, 67.54, 68.25 ve 67.25 g; yem tüketimi 118.56, 121.53, 118.24 ve 122.40 g; yem değerlendirme katsayısı (g yem/ g yum.) 1.75, 1.80, 1.73 ve 1.82 (P<0.05); yaşama gücü % 97.92, 96.53, 96.53 ve 93.05 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, incelenen kalite kriterlerinden ak yüksekliği 7.22, 7.03, 7.19 ve 7.21 mm (P<0.05); Haugh Birimi 81.97, 80.92, 81.89 ve 82.20 (P<0.05); kabuk ağırlığı 6.80, 6.70, 6.81 ve 6.74 g (P<0.05); kabuk kalınlığı 0.342, 0.341, 0.343 ve 0.343 mm; şekil indeksi % 76.94, 76.69, 76.77 ve 76.68; özgül ağırlık ise 1.081, 1.080, 1.081 ve 1.081 g/cm3 olarak bulunmuştur. Tüm bu verim ve kalite kriterleri incelendiğinde, yem çekmesiz programlardan özellikle YE, YÇ zorlanım programına alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır. Ancak, diğer yem çekmesiz programlarla (KE ve AE) da başarılı bir şekilde tüy dökümü yapılabileceği belirlenmiştir.
This research was carried out to determine the effects of four forced molting methods including three non-feed withdrawal methods which supplied with alfalfa meal (AAM) and barley based (BB; barley 70%, AAM 27%), wheat bran based (WB; wheat bran 32%, corn 44% and AAM 21%) and oat based (OB; oat 70% and AAM 27%) and one feed withdrawal method (FW; control 8 d FW + 34 d rejevunal) on egg production and quality performances of brown (H&N Brown Nick) and white (Hy-Line, W-36) hybrid layers at 57 week of age. Diets of non-feed withdrawal program including 10% and more crude fiber, no salt, low Ca, but moderate level energy (2200-2500 kcal/kg; ME) and protein (11-13 %), adequate level amino acid and vitamins were fed to treatment groups adlibitum. The feeds were balanced as Least Cost Rations. All treatment groups were fed a laying hen diet (15.5 % CP, 2800 kcal/kg ME) during production period. FW program hens were withdrawn the feed to 8 d and followed with resting diet containing 2500 kcal/kg ME and 13% CP for 34 d. All treatment groups were allowed to access water adlibitum. Having each treatment four replications and having each replication 20 hens, totally 640 hens were used in the study. Experimental treatments were assigned randomly to subgroups and two factors (2x4) randomized plot design were applied. Hens were placed on a lighting program of 10L:14D for molting period. Thereafter, lighting program was increased by 30 min per week until 16L:8D. The experiment lasted totally 46 wk including for a 6 wk molting period followed by a 40 wk post molt production period. According to the results obtained; the genotype had significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight loss, feed consumption, hen day egg production (number, %), cracked egg (%) and heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio (P<0.01) in molting period. Molting methods had significant effects (P<0.01) on body weight loss, feed consumption, hen-day egg production (number, %), pancreas weight ratio in molting period. The non-FW method has reached twice of H:L ratio (0.34, 0.67) at the end of the molting period prior to molting period. The FW method has reached four times of H:L ratio (0.34, 1.26) at 8th d. In the production period; for BB, FW, WB and OB programs; total hen-day egg production number (P<0.05) were 199.61, 208.88, 202.76 and 209.71; hen-day egg production (%) (P<0.05) were 71.29 %, 74.60, 72.42 and 74.90; total hen-housed egg production number were 198.08, 205.74, 200.41 and 201.87; hen-housed egg production (%) were 70.74, 73.48, 71.58 and 72.10 %; total egg mass were 13.561, 14.108, 13.837 and 14.107 kg/hen; cracked egg (%) were 1.52 %, 2.07, 1.62 and 1.47; egg weight were 67.95, 67.54, 68.25 and 67.25 g; feed consumption were 118.56, 121.53, 118.24 and 122.40 g feed/hen- day; feed efficiency (g feed/ g egg) were 1.75, 1.80, 1.73 and 1.82 (P<0.05); viability were 97.92, 96.53, 96.53 and 93.05%, respectively. On the other hand, measured egg quality for these programs, for albumen height were 7.22, 7.03, 7.19 and 7.21 mm (P<0.05); Haugh Unit were 81.97, 80.92, 81.89 and 82.20 (P<0.05); egg shell weight were 6.80, 6.70, 6.81 and 6.74 g (P<0.05); egg shell thickness were 0.342, 0.341, 0.343 and 0.343 mm; shape index were 76.94, 76.69, 76.77 and 76.68 %; egg specific gravity were 1.081, 1.080, 1.081 and 1.081 g/cm3, respectively. As a conclusion, after examining these production and quality criteria, it can be stated that; non feed withdrawal methods, especially OB program can be used alternative to FW program. But, other non-feed withdrawal programs also can be used successfully as molting procedure.
This research was carried out to determine the effects of four forced molting methods including three non-feed withdrawal methods which supplied with alfalfa meal (AAM) and barley based (BB; barley 70%, AAM 27%), wheat bran based (WB; wheat bran 32%, corn 44% and AAM 21%) and oat based (OB; oat 70% and AAM 27%) and one feed withdrawal method (FW; control 8 d FW + 34 d rejevunal) on egg production and quality performances of brown (H&N Brown Nick) and white (Hy-Line, W-36) hybrid layers at 57 week of age. Diets of non-feed withdrawal program including 10% and more crude fiber, no salt, low Ca, but moderate level energy (2200-2500 kcal/kg; ME) and protein (11-13 %), adequate level amino acid and vitamins were fed to treatment groups adlibitum. The feeds were balanced as Least Cost Rations. All treatment groups were fed a laying hen diet (15.5 % CP, 2800 kcal/kg ME) during production period. FW program hens were withdrawn the feed to 8 d and followed with resting diet containing 2500 kcal/kg ME and 13% CP for 34 d. All treatment groups were allowed to access water adlibitum. Having each treatment four replications and having each replication 20 hens, totally 640 hens were used in the study. Experimental treatments were assigned randomly to subgroups and two factors (2x4) randomized plot design were applied. Hens were placed on a lighting program of 10L:14D for molting period. Thereafter, lighting program was increased by 30 min per week until 16L:8D. The experiment lasted totally 46 wk including for a 6 wk molting period followed by a 40 wk post molt production period. According to the results obtained; the genotype had significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight loss, feed consumption, hen day egg production (number, %), cracked egg (%) and heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio (P<0.01) in molting period. Molting methods had significant effects (P<0.01) on body weight loss, feed consumption, hen-day egg production (number, %), pancreas weight ratio in molting period. The non-FW method has reached twice of H:L ratio (0.34, 0.67) at the end of the molting period prior to molting period. The FW method has reached four times of H:L ratio (0.34, 1.26) at 8th d. In the production period; for BB, FW, WB and OB programs; total hen-day egg production number (P<0.05) were 199.61, 208.88, 202.76 and 209.71; hen-day egg production (%) (P<0.05) were 71.29 %, 74.60, 72.42 and 74.90; total hen-housed egg production number were 198.08, 205.74, 200.41 and 201.87; hen-housed egg production (%) were 70.74, 73.48, 71.58 and 72.10 %; total egg mass were 13.561, 14.108, 13.837 and 14.107 kg/hen; cracked egg (%) were 1.52 %, 2.07, 1.62 and 1.47; egg weight were 67.95, 67.54, 68.25 and 67.25 g; feed consumption were 118.56, 121.53, 118.24 and 122.40 g feed/hen- day; feed efficiency (g feed/ g egg) were 1.75, 1.80, 1.73 and 1.82 (P<0.05); viability were 97.92, 96.53, 96.53 and 93.05%, respectively. On the other hand, measured egg quality for these programs, for albumen height were 7.22, 7.03, 7.19 and 7.21 mm (P<0.05); Haugh Unit were 81.97, 80.92, 81.89 and 82.20 (P<0.05); egg shell weight were 6.80, 6.70, 6.81 and 6.74 g (P<0.05); egg shell thickness were 0.342, 0.341, 0.343 and 0.343 mm; shape index were 76.94, 76.69, 76.77 and 76.68 %; egg specific gravity were 1.081, 1.080, 1.081 and 1.081 g/cm3, respectively. As a conclusion, after examining these production and quality criteria, it can be stated that; non feed withdrawal methods, especially OB program can be used alternative to FW program. But, other non-feed withdrawal programs also can be used successfully as molting procedure.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Zorlamalı tüy dökümü, Genotip, Yem çekmesiz program, Yumurta verimi, Yumurta kalitesi, Heterofil, Lenfosit oranı, Force molting, Genotype, Non-feed withdrawal method, Egg yield, Egg quality, Heterophil, Lymphocyte ratio
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Aygün, A. (2007). Farklı yumurtacı hibritlerin, yem çekmeli ve çekmesiz zorlamalı tüy dökümü programlarına, yumurta verim ve kalite performansları bakımından tepkileri üzerine araştırmalar. Selçuk üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
