AESO bazlı nanokompozit filmler ve özelliklerinin incelenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2025
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Biyobozunabilir polimer ve filmler, artan atık kontrolü ile ilgili çevre sorunları, yenilenemeyen kaynaklar, sera gazı emisyonlarından kaynaklanan küresel ısınma ve Dünya'nın sınırlı petrol rezervlerinden dolayı dikkat çekmektedir. Bu nedenle, son yıllarda, yağ bazlı kaynaklar gibi farklı yenilenebilir kaynaklardan biyo-bazlı polimerik kompozit filmlerin sentezi için birçok araştırma grubunun çalışmaları devam etmektedir.Bu tez çalışmasında, biyobazlı bir polimer olan akrilatlanmış epoksitlenmiş soya yağına (AESO) doğal bir plastikleştirici olan Gliserol'ün farklı oranlarında (%10; 20; 30; 40; 50 ve 60) modifiye edilerek yeni matrisler elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında uygun oranda belirlenen AESO/Gliserol modifiye matriksine farklı oranlarda (% 1;1.5; 2; 2.5 ve 3) nanokil (NK) ve aynı oranlarda modifiye nanokil (mNK) ilavesi ile nanokompozit filmler elde edilmiştir.Elde edilen malzemelerin su buharı geçirgenlik testleri, mekanik, şişme-çözünürlük-su içeriği, kimyasal dayanıklılık ve termal özelliklerine dolgu maddesi oranının etkisi incelenmiştir. Üretilen filmlerdeki fonksiyonel grupların olası etkileşimlerini belirlemek amacıyla FT-IR spektrumları kullanılmış ayrıca kompozitlerin morfolojisi taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak, termal davranışları ise termal gravimetrik analiz (TGA) ile karakterize edilmiştir. Ayrıca biyobozunma davranışları biyobozunurluk testi, alev dayanıklılığı ise yanma testi ile incelenmiştir. Mekanik özellikler dikkate alınarak biyobazlı AESO polimer yapısı için en uygun gliserol oranı %50 olarak belirlenmiştir. AESO/Gliserol filmlerinin çekme mukavemeti ortalama 0.797-0.332 MPa ve çekme uzaması ise %8.10 ile 22.1 aralığındadır. AESO/Gliserol/NK 0.811-0.341 MPa ve %22.8-28.2 iken AESO/Gliserol/mNK, 0.980-0.494 MPa çekme mukavemeti ve %23.1-33.3 arasında çekme uzaması değerleri almıştır. NK ve mNK ilaveleri matrisin farklı sıcaklıklardaki bozunma değerleri ile 800ºC'da kalıntı miktarını yükselterek termal dayanımını arttırmıştır. Bu artış NK nanokompozitlerde biraz daha fazladır. AESO'nun su buharı geçirgenliği 1.38x10-7g.m/(m2Pa.s) iken gliserol ve nanokilin eklenmesiyle 7.47x10-12-1.37x10-12 g.m/(m2Pa.s) arasında değerler almıştır. AESO'a gliserol eklenmesiyle çözünürlük-şişme-su içeriği değerleri oldukça yükselmiştir. Nanokil kompozit filmlerinde bir miktar azalma olmuştur. Bu azalma mNK katkılıya göre NK nanokompozitlerde daha fazla olmuştur. 30 gün sonunda AESO/Gliserol filmlerinin asit, tuz ve alkol çözeltilerine karşı NK ve mNK katkılı olan kompozit filmlere göre daha yüksek dirence sahip olduğu ve ağırlık kazanma oranlarının da daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Baza karşı dayanıklılıkları oldukça düşüktür. Simüle toprak içerisinde 6 ay sonunda gliserolün AESO polimerinin biyobozunmasını artırdığı, NK ilavesi biyobozunurluğu biraz daha arttırdığı gözlenmiştir. Biyobozunurluğun mNK ilavesi ile biraz daha arttığı belirlenmiştir.
Biodegradable polymers and films have attracted attention due to environmental problems related to increasing waste control, non-renewable resources, global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions and the limited oil reserves of the Earth. Therefore, in recent years, many research groups have been working on the synthesis of bio-based polymeric composite films from different renewable resources such as oil-based resources.In this thesis study, a new matrix was obtained by modifying glycerol, a natural plasticizer, into acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), a bio-based polymer. In the second stage of the study, nanocomposite films were obtained by adding nanoclay (NK) at different rates (% 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5 and 3) and modified nanoclay (mNK) at the same rates to the AESO/Glycerol modified matrix determined at the appropriate rate.The effect of filler ratio on water vapor permeability tests, mechanical, swelling-solubility-water content, chemical durability and thermal properties of the obtained materials was investigated. In order to determine the possible interactions of functional groups in the produced films, FT-IR spectra were used and also the morphology of the composites was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, biodegradation behaviors were investigated by biodegradability test and flame resistance by combustion test. Considering the mechanical properties, the most suitable glycerol ratio for biobased AESO polymer structure was determined as 50%. The tensile strength of AESO/Glycerol films was 0.797-0.332 MPa on average and the tensile elongation was between 8.10% and 22.1%. AESO/Glycerol/NK had tensile strength values of 0.811-0.341 MPa and 22.8-28.2%, while AESO/Glycerol/mNK had tensile strength values of 0.980-0.494 MPa and tensile elongation values between 23.1-33.3%. NK and mNK additions increased the thermal resistance by increasing the degradation values of the matrix at different temperatures and the amount of residue at 800ºC. This increase is slightly higher in NK nanocomposites. While the water vapor permeability of AESO was 1.38x10-7 g.m/(m2Pa.s), it took values between 7.47x10-12-1.37x10-12g.m/(m2Pa.s) with the addition of glycerol and nanoclay. The solubility-swelling-water content values increased considerably with the addition of glycerol to AESO. There was a slight decrease in nanoclay composite films. This decrease was greater in NK nanocomposites compared to mNK additives. At the end of 30 days, it was observed that AESO/Glycerol films had higher resistance to acid, salt and alcohol solutions and their weight gain rates were lower than the composite films with NK and mNK additives. Their resistance to bases is quite low. It was observed that glycerol increased the biodegradation of AESO polymer after 6 months in simulated soil, and the addition of NK slightly increased the biodegradation. It was concluded that this biodegradation was slightly higher in mNK.
Biodegradable polymers and films have attracted attention due to environmental problems related to increasing waste control, non-renewable resources, global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions and the limited oil reserves of the Earth. Therefore, in recent years, many research groups have been working on the synthesis of bio-based polymeric composite films from different renewable resources such as oil-based resources.In this thesis study, a new matrix was obtained by modifying glycerol, a natural plasticizer, into acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), a bio-based polymer. In the second stage of the study, nanocomposite films were obtained by adding nanoclay (NK) at different rates (% 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5 and 3) and modified nanoclay (mNK) at the same rates to the AESO/Glycerol modified matrix determined at the appropriate rate.The effect of filler ratio on water vapor permeability tests, mechanical, swelling-solubility-water content, chemical durability and thermal properties of the obtained materials was investigated. In order to determine the possible interactions of functional groups in the produced films, FT-IR spectra were used and also the morphology of the composites was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, biodegradation behaviors were investigated by biodegradability test and flame resistance by combustion test. Considering the mechanical properties, the most suitable glycerol ratio for biobased AESO polymer structure was determined as 50%. The tensile strength of AESO/Glycerol films was 0.797-0.332 MPa on average and the tensile elongation was between 8.10% and 22.1%. AESO/Glycerol/NK had tensile strength values of 0.811-0.341 MPa and 22.8-28.2%, while AESO/Glycerol/mNK had tensile strength values of 0.980-0.494 MPa and tensile elongation values between 23.1-33.3%. NK and mNK additions increased the thermal resistance by increasing the degradation values of the matrix at different temperatures and the amount of residue at 800ºC. This increase is slightly higher in NK nanocomposites. While the water vapor permeability of AESO was 1.38x10-7 g.m/(m2Pa.s), it took values between 7.47x10-12-1.37x10-12g.m/(m2Pa.s) with the addition of glycerol and nanoclay. The solubility-swelling-water content values increased considerably with the addition of glycerol to AESO. There was a slight decrease in nanoclay composite films. This decrease was greater in NK nanocomposites compared to mNK additives. At the end of 30 days, it was observed that AESO/Glycerol films had higher resistance to acid, salt and alcohol solutions and their weight gain rates were lower than the composite films with NK and mNK additives. Their resistance to bases is quite low. It was observed that glycerol increased the biodegradation of AESO polymer after 6 months in simulated soil, and the addition of NK slightly increased the biodegradation. It was concluded that this biodegradation was slightly higher in mNK.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
AESO, Gliserol, Nanokil, Polimer Film, Nanokompozit, Glycerol, Nanoclay, Polymer Film, Nanocomposite
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Karabulut, B. G. (2025). AESO bazlı nanokompozit filmler ve özelliklerinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
