Türkiye'de yetiştirilen ashwagandha (withania somnifera (L.) dunal.) bitkisinin süperkritik CO2 ekstraksiyonu, elde edilen ekstrakttan nanopartikül sentezi ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin incelenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2024
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Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Yüzyıllar boyunca birbirinden farklı birçok hastalığı tedavi etmek için Ayurveda, eski Hint sağlık alanında yer alan malzemelerden biri olan Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) kullanılmıştır. Stres seviyesini düzenleyen bir bitki olan Ashwagandha, duygusal, zihinsel ya da psikolojik stres sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Tiroid fonksiyonları, nöropsikiyatrik sistem ve inflamasyon süreçlerindeki olumlu etkisi nedeniyle Ashwagandha geleneksel tıbbın vazgeçilmez bir parçasıdır. Son zamanlarda, hücre ve hayvan modelleri üzerinde yapılan birkaç çalışma, Ashwagandha ve türevlerinin anti-inflamatuar, anti-diyabetik, anti-kanser, anti-stres, anti-oksidan, nöroprotektif ve immün-modülatör potansiyellerini ortaya koymuştur. Sunulan tez projesi kapsamında Ashwagandha bitkisinin kök ve yapraklarından Süperkritik CO2 Ekstraksiyonu yöntemi ile ekstrakt eldesi, bu ekstrakt içeriğinde bulunan biyoaktif bileşenlerin miktarsal analizi, elde edilen ekstrakttan nanopartikül sentezi ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ashwagandha bitkisinin esas olan fitokimyasal bileşenleri; withanolidler (triterpen laktonlar), tropin, alkaloidler, steroidal laktonlar, withaferin A ve kuskohigrindir. Süperkritik CO2 Ekstraksiyonu sürecinde ekstraksiyon verimini etkileyen, basınç (200-300 bar), sıcaklık (400C-600C) ve yardımcı çözücü etkisi (% 0-200 ekstraktörde ürün:etanol) gibi temel işletme parametrelerinin etkisi araştırılmış, elde edilen ekstraktların içeriğinde bulunan withanolide A ve withaferin A biyoaktif bileşenlerinin % miktarları LC-MS/MS sıvı kromatografi kütle spektrometresi cihazı ile tespit edilmiştir. Süperkritik karbondioksit ekstraksiyon sisteminde yapılan deneysel çalışmalar sonunda Ashwagandha bitkisinin kök ekstraktında en yüksek withanolide A oranı %0,39 değeri, en yüksek withaferin A oranı %0,12 değeri, Ashwagandha bitkisinin yaprak ekstraktında en yüksek withanolide A oranı %0,149 değeri ve en yüksek withaferin A oranı %0,041 değeri elde edilmiştir. Ashwagandha bitkisinin kök ekstraktında en yüksek withanolide-A ve withaferin-A içeriğine sahip parametrik değerler, sıcaklık 51,413 0C, basınç 279,700 bar ve etil alkol oranı %151,843 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ashwagandha bitkisinin yaprak ekstraktında en yüksek withanolide-A ve withaferin-A içeriğine sahip parametrik değerler, sıcaklık 44,100 0C, basınç 279,700 bar ve etil alkol oranı %126,543 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ayrıca, Ashwagandha özütü kullanılarak, gümüş iyonları başarılı bir şekilde gümüş nanopartiküllere indirgenmiş ve nanopartiküllerin varlığı renk değişimi ve UV-vis spektroskopisi karakterizasyon yöntemi ile doğrulanmıştır. Antimikrobiyal aktivite çalışmaları, yeşil sentezlenen gümüş nanopartiküllerinin biyolojik aktivite gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur.
For centuries, Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera), one of the ingredients in Ayurveda, the ancient Indian health field, has been used to treat many different diseases. Ashwagandha, a plant that regulates stress levels, occurs as a result of emotional, mental or psychological stress. Ashwagandha is an indispensable part of traditional medicine due to its positive effects on thyroid functions, neuropsychiatric system and inflammation processes. Recently, several studies on cell and animal models have revealed the anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-stress, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective and immune-modulatory potentials of Ashwagandha and its derivatives. Within the scope of the presented thesis project, it was aimed to obtain extract from the roots and leaves of the Ashwagandha plant by Supercritical CO2 Extraction method, quantitative analysis of the bioactive components contained in this extract, synthesis of nanoparticles from the obtained extract and investigation of their antimicrobial activities. The main phytochemical components of the Ashwagandha plant are; withanolides (triterpene lactones), tropine, alkaloids, steroidal lactones, withaferin A and kuskohigrin. The effects of basic operating parameters such as pressure (200-300 bar), temperature (400C-600C) and co-solvent effect (%0-200 product in extractor:ethanol) affecting the extraction efficiency in the supercritical CO2 extraction process were investigated, and the percentage amounts of withanolide A and withaferin A bioactive components in the extracts obtained were determined by LC-MS/MS liquid chromatography mass spectrometry device. As a result of the experimental studies carried out in the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction system, the highest withanolide A ratio was 0.39%, the highest withaferin A ratio was 0.12% in the root extract of the Ashwagandha plant, the highest withanolide A ratio was 0.149% and the highest withaferin A ratio was 0.041% in the leaf extract of the Ashwagandha plant. The parametric values with the highest withanolide-A and withaferin-A content in the root extract of the Ashwagandha plant were determined as temperature 51.413 0C, pressure 279.700 bar and ethyl alcohol ratio 151.843%. The parametric values with the highest withanolide-A and withaferin-A content in the leaf extract of the Ashwagandha plant were determined as temperature 44.100 0C, pressure 279.700 bar and ethyl alcohol ratio 126.543%. In this study, also, by using Ashwagandha extract, silver ions were successfully reduced to silver nanoparticles and the presence of nanoparticles was confirmed by color change and UV-vis spectroscopy characterization method. Antimicrobial activity studies have revealed that green synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited biological activity.
For centuries, Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera), one of the ingredients in Ayurveda, the ancient Indian health field, has been used to treat many different diseases. Ashwagandha, a plant that regulates stress levels, occurs as a result of emotional, mental or psychological stress. Ashwagandha is an indispensable part of traditional medicine due to its positive effects on thyroid functions, neuropsychiatric system and inflammation processes. Recently, several studies on cell and animal models have revealed the anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-stress, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective and immune-modulatory potentials of Ashwagandha and its derivatives. Within the scope of the presented thesis project, it was aimed to obtain extract from the roots and leaves of the Ashwagandha plant by Supercritical CO2 Extraction method, quantitative analysis of the bioactive components contained in this extract, synthesis of nanoparticles from the obtained extract and investigation of their antimicrobial activities. The main phytochemical components of the Ashwagandha plant are; withanolides (triterpene lactones), tropine, alkaloids, steroidal lactones, withaferin A and kuskohigrin. The effects of basic operating parameters such as pressure (200-300 bar), temperature (400C-600C) and co-solvent effect (%0-200 product in extractor:ethanol) affecting the extraction efficiency in the supercritical CO2 extraction process were investigated, and the percentage amounts of withanolide A and withaferin A bioactive components in the extracts obtained were determined by LC-MS/MS liquid chromatography mass spectrometry device. As a result of the experimental studies carried out in the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction system, the highest withanolide A ratio was 0.39%, the highest withaferin A ratio was 0.12% in the root extract of the Ashwagandha plant, the highest withanolide A ratio was 0.149% and the highest withaferin A ratio was 0.041% in the leaf extract of the Ashwagandha plant. The parametric values with the highest withanolide-A and withaferin-A content in the root extract of the Ashwagandha plant were determined as temperature 51.413 0C, pressure 279.700 bar and ethyl alcohol ratio 151.843%. The parametric values with the highest withanolide-A and withaferin-A content in the leaf extract of the Ashwagandha plant were determined as temperature 44.100 0C, pressure 279.700 bar and ethyl alcohol ratio 126.543%. In this study, also, by using Ashwagandha extract, silver ions were successfully reduced to silver nanoparticles and the presence of nanoparticles was confirmed by color change and UV-vis spectroscopy characterization method. Antimicrobial activity studies have revealed that green synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited biological activity.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ashwagandha, Biyoaktif Bileşen, Süperkritik CO2 Ekstraksiyonu, Gümüş Nanopartikül, Bioactive Component, Supercritical CO2 Extraction, Silver Nanoparticle
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Sayı
Künye
Şenol, T. (2024). Türkiye'de yetiştirilen ashwagandha (withania somnifera (L.) dunal.) bitkisinin süperkritik CO2 ekstraksiyonu, elde edilen ekstrakttan nanopartikül sentezi ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
