Sporcularda Nordic Hamstring Egzersiz Modelinin, Hamstring Quadriseps Kuvvet Oranına Etkisi
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırmada; 8 haftalık Nordic Hamstring egzersiz modelinin H/Q oranına, dinamik
dengeye ve esnekliğe etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Araştırmaya Konya basketbol kulübünde antrenman yapan 21 gönüllü sporcu katılmıştır.
Katılıcıları kontrol grubu (KG) (yaş 19,00±0,57 yıl, boy 170,85±2,03 cm, vücut ağırlığı 64,42±5,94
kg), basketbol grubu (BG) (yaş 18,00±00 yıl, boy 197,42±7,78 cm, vücut ağırlığı 81,00±15,23 kg)
ve Nordic Hamstring grubu (NG) (yaş 18,00±00 yıl, boy 187,14±7,69 cm, vücut ağırlığı
80,85±7,28 kg) olarak 3 gruba ayrılmışlardır. BG’na haftada 3 gün standart basketbol antrenmanı
yaptırılmıştır. NG grubu’ na ise standart basketbol antrenmanına ek olarak antrenmanlarda
ısınmadan ve germe egzersizlerinden sonra 3-4 set 8-10 tekrar olarak Nordic Hamstring
egzersizleri uygulanmıştır. KG ise bu 8 haftalık sürede herhangi bir antrenman programına
katılmamışlardır. Antrenman periyodu öncesinde ve sonrasında katılımcıların diz ekstansiyon
(quadriseps) kuvvet çıktıları konstanrik olarak ölçülürken, fleksiyon kuvvet çıktıları hem eksantrik
hem de konsantrik olarak 600
s
-1
ve 1800
s
-1 açısal hızlarda Cybex cihazı (Cybex, Humac Norm
2004) ile ölçülmüştür. Bunlara ek olarak dinamik denge (BBS, Biodex Medical Systems Inc.,
Shirley, NY) ve esneklik (uzan eriş) ölçümleri de yapılmıştır.
Verilerin istatistiki analizlerinde SPSS 24 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Tüm deneklere ait
parametrelerinin ortalama değerleri ve standart sapmaları verilmiştir, Araştırmaya ait verilerin
normal dağılımları Shapiro-Wilk testi ile test edilmiştir. Verilerin normal dağılım
göstermemesinden dolayı eşli ikili değişkenlerde Wilcoxon testi, 2 den fazla değişken
karşılaştırılmasında ise Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmış farkın hangi gruptan kaynaklandığını
bulmak için ise Mann Whitney U testi uygulanmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak
belirlenmiştir.
Antrenman periyodu öncesi ve sonrası grup içi kuvvet ve esneklik parametreleri
karşılaştırmaları incelendiğinde KG sadece 180° sn-1
kon-fleksiyon parametresinde anlamlı düşüş
göstermiştir. BG ise 60° sn-1
kon-ekstansiyon kuvvet çıktısında ve esneklik parametrelerinde
anlamlı artış bulunmuştur. NG grubunda ise 60° sn-1
kon-fleksiyon kuvvet çıktısı dışında bütün
parametrelerde artış bulunmuştur. Gruplar içi ön-test son-test izokinetik (60° sn-1 ve 180° sn-1
)
H/Q oranlarının karşılaştırılmasında anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Grupların overall ve antpost denge ön test ve son test verileri karşılaştırıldığında KG ve BG verileri anlamlı
farklılaşmazken, NG denge değerlerinde anlamlı iyileşme görülmüştür. Media-lat denge verileri
tüm gruplarda antrenman periyodu sonunda anlamlı farklılık göstermemiştir.
Gruplararası kuvvet ve esneklik ilk testleri karşılaştırıldığında hiç bir parametrede anlamlı
farklılığa rastlanmamıştır (p>0,05). 60° sn-1
kon-ekstansiyon son test kuvvet değerlerinde KG ve
vii
NG grupları arasında NG lehine anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). 60° sn-1
kon-fleksiyon son
test kuvvet değerlerinde NG’ye göre KG ile BG lehine anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05).
180° sn-1
kon-ekstansiyon son test kuvvet değerlerinde gruplar arası farklılığa rastlanmamıştır
(p>0,05). 180° sn1
kon-fleksiyon ve eksantrik-fleksiyon son test kuvvet değerleri incelendiğinde
KG ve NG değerleri arasında anlamlı farklılık görülmüştür ve farklılığın NG değerleri lehine
olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Esneklik değerleri ele alındığında KG ve NG grubu benzerlik
gösterirken BG grubunun diğer gruplardan anlamlı olarak esneklik değerlerinin daha yüksek
olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). 60° sn-1 H/Q ve H/Q fonksiyonel tüm değişkenlerin ön test değerleri
karşılaştırıldığında gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). 60° sn-1 H/Q ve H/Q
fonksiyonel son test oranları karşılaştırıldığında KG ve NG grupları arasında anlamlı farklık
bulunmuştur ve farkın NG lehine olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). 180° sn-1 H/Q ve H/Q fonksiyonel
ön ve son test değerleri incelendiğinde gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0,05).
Overall ilk test denge verileri incelendiğinde KG ve NG arasında anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmıştır bu
farkın kontrol grubu lehine olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ant-post ilk test denge verilerinde BG ve
NG benzerlik gösterirken, KG değerleri BG ve KG denge verilerine göre anlamlı farklılık
göstermiştir ve farklılık KG lehinedir (p<0,05). Denge son test verileri incelendiğinde gruplar arası
anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmamıştır (p>0,05).
Sonuç olarak H/Q fonksiyonel oranları anlamlı olarak farklılık göstermese de NG
grubunun değerlerinin rakamsal olarak gelişim gösterdiği görülmektedir. Dinamik dengenin Nordic
hamstring antrenmanlarıyla salınım azaldığı görülmektedir. Uzan eriş testinde NG grubu hamstring
kas grupları kuvvet artışı gösterdiğinden yeterli esneklik gösterememiştir. Basketbol
antrenmalarının yanı sıra nordic hamstring egzersizlerinin yapılmasının Q/H oranları ve dinamik
denge performansı açısından en azından bu araştırma neticesinde önerilmektedir.
The purpose of this study was to examine the the effect of 8-week Nordic Hamstring exercise model on H/Q ratio, dynamic balance and flexibility. 21 volunteer athletes training in Konya basketball club participated in the research. Participants were the control group (KG) (age 19.00±0.57 years, height 170.85±2.03 cm, body weight 64.42±5.94 kg), basketball group (BG) (age 18.00± 00 years, height 197.42±7.78 cm, body weight 81.00±15.23 kg) and Nordic Hamstring group (NG) (KEG) (age 18.00±00 years, height 187.14±7, 69 cm, body weight 80.85±7.28 kg) were divided into 3 groups. Standard basketball training was given to BG 3 days a week. In addition to standard basketball training, Nordic Hamstring exercises were applied to the NG group as 3-4 sets of 8-10 repetitions after warming up and stretching exercises. KG did not participate in any training program during this 8-week period. Before and after the training period, the knee extension (quadriceps) force outputs of the participants were measured concentrically, while the flexion force outputs were measured both eccentrically and concentrically with the Cybex device (Cybex, Humac Norm 2004) at angular speeds of 60 °s -1 and 180 °s -1 . In addition, dynamic balance (BBS, Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, NY) and flexibility (reach reach) measurements were also applied. SPSS 24 package program was used for statistical analysis of the data. The mean values and standard deviations of the parameters of all subjects were given. The normal distribution of the data of the study was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Since the data did not show normal distribution, Wilcocon was used for binary variables for non-normally distributed data, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparing more than 2 variables, and Mann Whitney U test was used to find out which group the difference originated from. The significance level was determined as p<0.05. When the intra-group strength and flexibility parameters were compared before and after the training period, KG showed a significant decrease only in 180° sec-1 con-flexion parameter. In BG, a significant increase was found in 60° sec-1 con-extension force output and flexibility parameters. In the NG group, there was an increase in all parameters except 60° sec-1 con-flexion force output. No significant difference was found in the comparison of the pre-test post-test isokinetic (60° sec-1 and 180° sec-1 ) H/Q ratios within the groups. When the overall and ante-post balance pre-test and post-test data of the groups were compared, KG and BG data did not differ significantly, but a significant improvement was observed in the NG swing values. Media-lat balance data did not differ significantly in all groups at the end of the training period. When the first tests of strength and flexibility between groups were compared, no significant difference was found in any parameter (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in favor of NG between KG and NG groups in 60° sec-1 con-extension post-test strength values (p<0.05). A significant difference was found in favor of KG and BG compared to NG in 60° sec-1 con-flexion post-test strength values (p<0.05). There was no difference between the groups in 180° sec-1 con-extension post-test strength values (p>0.05). When 180° sec-1 con-flexion and eccentricflexion post-test strength values were examined, a significant difference was observed between KG ii and NG values, and the difference was found to be in favor of NG values (p<0.05). Considering the flexibility values, KG and NG groups showed similarity, while the BG group was found to have significantly higher flexibility values than the other groups (p<0.05). When the pre-test values of all 60° sec-1 H/Q and H/Q functional variables were compared, no significant difference was found between the groups (p>0.05). When the 60° sec-1 H/Q and H/Q functional posttest rates were compared, a significant difference was found between the KG and NG groups, and the difference was found to be in favor of NG (p<0.05). When 180° sec-1 H/Q and H/Q functional pre- and posttest values were examined, no significant difference was found between the groups (p>0.05). When the overall first test balance data were examined, a significant difference was found between CG and NG, this difference was found to be in favor of the control group (p<0.05).While BG and NG were similar in Ant-post first test balance data, KG values showed a significant difference compared to BG and KG balance data, and the difference was in favor of KG (p<0.05). When the balance post-test data were examined, no significant difference was found between the groups (p>0.05). As a result, although the H/Q functional ratios do not differ significantly, it is seen that the values of the NG group show a numerical effect. Dynamic balance seems to decrease with Nordic hamstring training. In the reach reach test, the hamstring muscle groups of the NG group did not show sufficient flexibility as they showed an increase in strength. In addition to basketball training, nordic hamstring exercises are recommended at least as a result of this research in terms of Q/H ratios and dynamic balance performance.
The purpose of this study was to examine the the effect of 8-week Nordic Hamstring exercise model on H/Q ratio, dynamic balance and flexibility. 21 volunteer athletes training in Konya basketball club participated in the research. Participants were the control group (KG) (age 19.00±0.57 years, height 170.85±2.03 cm, body weight 64.42±5.94 kg), basketball group (BG) (age 18.00± 00 years, height 197.42±7.78 cm, body weight 81.00±15.23 kg) and Nordic Hamstring group (NG) (KEG) (age 18.00±00 years, height 187.14±7, 69 cm, body weight 80.85±7.28 kg) were divided into 3 groups. Standard basketball training was given to BG 3 days a week. In addition to standard basketball training, Nordic Hamstring exercises were applied to the NG group as 3-4 sets of 8-10 repetitions after warming up and stretching exercises. KG did not participate in any training program during this 8-week period. Before and after the training period, the knee extension (quadriceps) force outputs of the participants were measured concentrically, while the flexion force outputs were measured both eccentrically and concentrically with the Cybex device (Cybex, Humac Norm 2004) at angular speeds of 60 °s -1 and 180 °s -1 . In addition, dynamic balance (BBS, Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, NY) and flexibility (reach reach) measurements were also applied. SPSS 24 package program was used for statistical analysis of the data. The mean values and standard deviations of the parameters of all subjects were given. The normal distribution of the data of the study was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Since the data did not show normal distribution, Wilcocon was used for binary variables for non-normally distributed data, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparing more than 2 variables, and Mann Whitney U test was used to find out which group the difference originated from. The significance level was determined as p<0.05. When the intra-group strength and flexibility parameters were compared before and after the training period, KG showed a significant decrease only in 180° sec-1 con-flexion parameter. In BG, a significant increase was found in 60° sec-1 con-extension force output and flexibility parameters. In the NG group, there was an increase in all parameters except 60° sec-1 con-flexion force output. No significant difference was found in the comparison of the pre-test post-test isokinetic (60° sec-1 and 180° sec-1 ) H/Q ratios within the groups. When the overall and ante-post balance pre-test and post-test data of the groups were compared, KG and BG data did not differ significantly, but a significant improvement was observed in the NG swing values. Media-lat balance data did not differ significantly in all groups at the end of the training period. When the first tests of strength and flexibility between groups were compared, no significant difference was found in any parameter (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in favor of NG between KG and NG groups in 60° sec-1 con-extension post-test strength values (p<0.05). A significant difference was found in favor of KG and BG compared to NG in 60° sec-1 con-flexion post-test strength values (p<0.05). There was no difference between the groups in 180° sec-1 con-extension post-test strength values (p>0.05). When 180° sec-1 con-flexion and eccentricflexion post-test strength values were examined, a significant difference was observed between KG ii and NG values, and the difference was found to be in favor of NG values (p<0.05). Considering the flexibility values, KG and NG groups showed similarity, while the BG group was found to have significantly higher flexibility values than the other groups (p<0.05). When the pre-test values of all 60° sec-1 H/Q and H/Q functional variables were compared, no significant difference was found between the groups (p>0.05). When the 60° sec-1 H/Q and H/Q functional posttest rates were compared, a significant difference was found between the KG and NG groups, and the difference was found to be in favor of NG (p<0.05). When 180° sec-1 H/Q and H/Q functional pre- and posttest values were examined, no significant difference was found between the groups (p>0.05). When the overall first test balance data were examined, a significant difference was found between CG and NG, this difference was found to be in favor of the control group (p<0.05).While BG and NG were similar in Ant-post first test balance data, KG values showed a significant difference compared to BG and KG balance data, and the difference was in favor of KG (p<0.05). When the balance post-test data were examined, no significant difference was found between the groups (p>0.05). As a result, although the H/Q functional ratios do not differ significantly, it is seen that the values of the NG group show a numerical effect. Dynamic balance seems to decrease with Nordic hamstring training. In the reach reach test, the hamstring muscle groups of the NG group did not show sufficient flexibility as they showed an increase in strength. In addition to basketball training, nordic hamstring exercises are recommended at least as a result of this research in terms of Q/H ratios and dynamic balance performance.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Denge, H/Q oranı, Kuvvet, Nordic Hamstring, Balance, H/Q ratio, Strength
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Atçeken, D. H., (2023). Sporcularda Nordic Hamstring Egzersiz Modelinin, Hamstring Quadriseps Kuvvet Oranına Etkisi. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
