Vitir Namazı Hakkındaki İhtilaflar ve Usûlî Temelleri
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Her ibadetin Şari’ tarafından konulmuş bir hükmü ve kendi içerisinde kuvvet
bakımından dereceleri vardır. Namaz da bu ibadetlerden biridir. Farz olan beş vakit
namaz olduğu gibi nafile ve vâcip namazlarda vardır. Ancak farz namazlar haricinde
hakkında çokça rivayetin zikredildiği, mezheplerin ihtilaf ettiği bir namaz vardır ki o
da vitir namazıdır. Vitir namazının hükmünde ihtilaf eden iki taraftan biri vitrin vâcip
olduğunu ileri süren Ebû Hanîfe ve ashabı; diğeri de, vitrin müekked sünnet olduğunu
ileri süren, içlerinde İmâmeyn’in de bulunduğu cumhurdur. İki taraf da nakli delilleri
kullanmakla beraber bu delillerden aklî çıkarımlar elde etmiştir. Aynı zamanda her iki
tarafta aynı delillerden farklı hükümler elde etmişlerdir. Bunun sebebi ise, nassların
keyfiyeti ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu nassların keyfiyeti ile kast edilen şey, yoruma açık
olmaları, delalet ve sübut bakımından zan ifade edip etmemelidir. Tüm bu etkenler,
Hanefîler ile Cumhur arasında vitir namazı ile ilgili hüküm vermede ihtilafa sebebiyet
vermiştir. Mezheplerin üzerinde tartıştığı bu ihtilaf sadece vitrin hükmü ile sınırlı
değildir. Vitrin rekâtları, vakti, kazası, kılınışı, kırâati gibi hususlarda mezheplerin
ihtilaf ettiği önemli noktalardır. Diğeri ise vitir namazında yerine getirilen kunuttur.
Kunut da kendi içerisinde, hükmü, duası, miktarı vb. birçok yerde mezheplerin ihtilafı
ile geniş bir yer tutmaktadır. Tüm bu ihtilafların asıl kaynağı vitir namazının sünnet
veya vacip olmasıyla ilişkilidir. Yani vitir namazının vacip olması vitirde okunan
kunut dualarının hükmüne etki etmiştir. Çünkü tüm bu sayılanlar vitrin içinden bir
ibadet olarak değerlendirilir. Dolayısıyla vitrin hükmünde ihtilaf edenler, ona bağlı
diğer hususlar üzerinden de ihtilaf etmişlerdir. Başka bir önemli husus, ihtilafın
kaynaklandığı ana sebepledir. Bu sebepler Hz. Peygamber’in nebevi ve beşerî yönü,
hadislerde geçen lafızların farklı manaları ifade etmesi, usûl-ü fıkıh gibi birçok yönden
değerlendirilmiştir.
Each act of worship has a verdict rendered by the Law-Giver and degrees in itself in terms of power. Salah is one of these acts of worship. There are five times of salah, which are fard (compulsory), as well as nafilah (supererogatory) and wajib (necessary) types of salah. However, there is a prayer that is mentioned in numerous narrations and has caused differences among the schools of thought, and that is the Witr prayer. One of the two parties disputing the verdict of the Witr Salah is Abu Hanifah and his companions arguing that Witr is wajib and the other one is the community, including Imamayn, suggesting that Witr is a mu'akkadah (confirmed) sunnah (traditional). Both parties use naqli (revealed) types of evidence while making aqli (rational) inferences from these pieces of evidence. Furthermore, both parties attain different verdicts from the same pieces of evidence. The reason for this is directly associated with the arbitrariness of the nassses (explicit injunctions). What is meant by the arbitrariness of the nasses is the fact that they are open to interpretation and whether they connote suspicion in terms of implication and certainty. All these factors have caused a dispute between the followers of Hanafi and the Community in terms of rendering a verdict on Witr Salah. This dispute discussed by the schools of thought is not merely limited to the verdict of Witr. Matters such as rakats (units of prayer), time, qaza (missed prayers), performing, and recitation of the Witr are significant points disputed by the schools of thought. Another one is the qunut (obedience) offered during Witr Salah. Qunut also occupies a wide place among the dispute of the schools of law in its entirety in terms of its verdict, prayer, repetition, etc. The main source of all these disputes is associated with whether Witr Salah is a sunnah or wajib practice. In other words, Witr Salah being wajib has an impact on the verdict of the qunut prayers recited during Witr. This is because all the aforementioned are regarded as an act of worship within Witr. Accordingly, those disputing the verdict of Witr have also disputed other matters associated with it. Another important matter is the main reasons causing the dispute. These reasons were evaluated in many aspects such as the prophetic and human side of Prophet Muhammad, various meanings of the words in the hadiths, and usul al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence).
Each act of worship has a verdict rendered by the Law-Giver and degrees in itself in terms of power. Salah is one of these acts of worship. There are five times of salah, which are fard (compulsory), as well as nafilah (supererogatory) and wajib (necessary) types of salah. However, there is a prayer that is mentioned in numerous narrations and has caused differences among the schools of thought, and that is the Witr prayer. One of the two parties disputing the verdict of the Witr Salah is Abu Hanifah and his companions arguing that Witr is wajib and the other one is the community, including Imamayn, suggesting that Witr is a mu'akkadah (confirmed) sunnah (traditional). Both parties use naqli (revealed) types of evidence while making aqli (rational) inferences from these pieces of evidence. Furthermore, both parties attain different verdicts from the same pieces of evidence. The reason for this is directly associated with the arbitrariness of the nassses (explicit injunctions). What is meant by the arbitrariness of the nasses is the fact that they are open to interpretation and whether they connote suspicion in terms of implication and certainty. All these factors have caused a dispute between the followers of Hanafi and the Community in terms of rendering a verdict on Witr Salah. This dispute discussed by the schools of thought is not merely limited to the verdict of Witr. Matters such as rakats (units of prayer), time, qaza (missed prayers), performing, and recitation of the Witr are significant points disputed by the schools of thought. Another one is the qunut (obedience) offered during Witr Salah. Qunut also occupies a wide place among the dispute of the schools of law in its entirety in terms of its verdict, prayer, repetition, etc. The main source of all these disputes is associated with whether Witr Salah is a sunnah or wajib practice. In other words, Witr Salah being wajib has an impact on the verdict of the qunut prayers recited during Witr. This is because all the aforementioned are regarded as an act of worship within Witr. Accordingly, those disputing the verdict of Witr have also disputed other matters associated with it. Another important matter is the main reasons causing the dispute. These reasons were evaluated in many aspects such as the prophetic and human side of Prophet Muhammad, various meanings of the words in the hadiths, and usul al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence).
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İslam Hukuku, Vitir Namazı, Kunut, Gece Namazı, Islamic Law, Witr Salah, Qunut, Night Salah
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Yılmaz, M.E., (2023). Vitir Namazı Hakkındaki İhtilaflar ve Usûlî Temelleri. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
