Otrar Bölgesi ve İslâm tarihindeki önemi: VI-XIII. yüzyıllar arası
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Tarih
2011-12-20
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Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Orta Asya’da Otrar (Fârâb) önemli bir bölgedir. Zira bu bölge uzun süre Ġslâm hâkimiyetinde kalmıĢ ve ilim ve kültür merkezi olmuĢtur. Otrar Siriderya’nın sağ sahili üzerinde Aris kolunun biraz güneyinde bir kasaba.
VI-VIII. yüzyıllarda Otrar Siriderya’nın orta boyundaki meĢhur Ģehirlerden biri, IX-XII. yüzyıllarda bölgenin baĢ Ģehri, XIII-XV. yüzyıllarda Orta Çağın büyük Ģehirlerden biri olmuĢtur. Daha sonraki XIX. yüzyılın ortalarında Ģehir tahribata uğrayarak kimsesiz ıssız bir hale gelerek Otrartöbe (Otrar tepe) diye isimlendirilen bir yığından ibaret kalmıĢtır.
Otrar bölgesi erken çağdan IX. yüzyıla kadar Siriderya kıyısını yurt edinen Batı Türk, TürgiĢ, Karluk, Oğuz ve Kıpçakların hâkimiyeti altında kalmıĢtır.
Otrar bölgesine Müslümanlar tarafından ilk fetih hareketleri Kuteybe b. Müslim kumandasında yapılarak 95/714 senesinde Fârâb fethedilmiĢtir. Ancak Ġslâmiyet’in Fârâb’a esaslı bir surette girmesi ancak 224-225/839-840’ta, Nuh b. Esed tarafından, Ġsfîcâb’ın itaat altına alınmasından sonra vuku bulmuĢtur.
HârizmĢahlar’ın hâkimiyeti altına olan Otrar, Cengiz Han’ın HârizmĢah ülkesine gönderdiği 450 kiĢilik bir kervanın Otrar’da öldürülmesi ve istilâsı esnasında oynadığı rolden dolayı, hazin bir nâm bırakmıĢtır. Cengiz Han ile baĢlayan Moğol istilâsı bu bölgeler için bir felaket olmuĢtur. Birçok halkın siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel geliĢmelerini uzun süre durdurmuĢtur.
Ġslâm tarihi açısından baktığımızda Otrar bölgesi kültürel ve ilmi açıdan da geliĢmiĢtir. Bu bölgeden Ebû Nasr Ismâîl b. Hammâd el-Cevherî el-Fârâbî (v. 400/1009) ile onun dayısı hem hocası Ebû Ġbrâhîm Ġshâk b. Ġbrâhîm el-Fârâbî (v. 350/961) ve çok yönlü âlim, filozof Ebû Nasr el-Fârâbî (v. 339/950) v.b. gibi büyük âlimler yetiĢmiĢtir. Ġnsanların sosyal ihtiyaçlarının karĢılanmasında en önemli unsur olan paralar basılmıĢ ve imar faaliyetleri açısından camiler inĢa edilmiĢtir.
Bu çalıĢmamızın amacı Otrar bölgesini tanıtarak, o bölgenin Müslümanlar tarafından fethedilme süreci ve Ġslâm kültürünün tesirlerini ortaya çıkarmaktır.
Otrar is an important region in Central Asia because it has remained under the control of Islam for long centuries and has been a center of science and culture. It is a town lying south of the Arys Branch of the Syr Darya River. The city of Otrar in the sixth and eighth centuries is one of the famous cities along the Syr Darya, being the capital city of the region in the ninth and twelfth centuries and one of the big cities in the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries in the Medieval Ages. In the mid nineteenth century, the city was ruined, turning into a desolate place and hill called “Otrartöbe.” Until the ninth century, the region of Otrar had stayed under such Turkish tribes as Western Turks, Turgish, Qarluk, Oghuz, and Qipchaks who lived along the Syr Darya River. The first Muslim incursions into the region of Otrar were performed by Qutayba bin Muslim and Fârâb was conquered in the year 95 Hijri / 714 A.D. But the consolidation of Islam in Fârâb took place as late as the year 224-225 Hijri / 839-840 A.D. when Nȗh bin Asad seized Isfîjâb. The city of Otrar that was under the rule of the Khwarizmshahs left a tragic name because a caravan of 450 men sent by Genghis Khan were killed and sacked in Otrar and then Genghis seized and ruined the city. The Mongol invasion started by Genghis Khan became a calamity for these regions. The development of many people halted in political, economic, social, and cultural fields. Looking from the viewpoint of Islamic history, the region of Otrar flourished culturally and scientifically. This city produced such famous scholars as Abû Nasr Ismâîl bin Hammâd al-Jawharî al-Fârâbî (d. 400/1009) and his uncle and teacher Abû Ibrâhîm Ishâq bin Ibrâhîm al-Fârâbî (d. 350/961) and the great philosopher Abû Nasr al-Fârâbî (d. 339/950). In this city, there were minted coins which are the most important means in meeting people’s social needs and there were built many mosques. The purpose of this study is to give information about the region of Otrar, investigating the process of its Islamization and the influence of Islamic culture on it.
Otrar is an important region in Central Asia because it has remained under the control of Islam for long centuries and has been a center of science and culture. It is a town lying south of the Arys Branch of the Syr Darya River. The city of Otrar in the sixth and eighth centuries is one of the famous cities along the Syr Darya, being the capital city of the region in the ninth and twelfth centuries and one of the big cities in the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries in the Medieval Ages. In the mid nineteenth century, the city was ruined, turning into a desolate place and hill called “Otrartöbe.” Until the ninth century, the region of Otrar had stayed under such Turkish tribes as Western Turks, Turgish, Qarluk, Oghuz, and Qipchaks who lived along the Syr Darya River. The first Muslim incursions into the region of Otrar were performed by Qutayba bin Muslim and Fârâb was conquered in the year 95 Hijri / 714 A.D. But the consolidation of Islam in Fârâb took place as late as the year 224-225 Hijri / 839-840 A.D. when Nȗh bin Asad seized Isfîjâb. The city of Otrar that was under the rule of the Khwarizmshahs left a tragic name because a caravan of 450 men sent by Genghis Khan were killed and sacked in Otrar and then Genghis seized and ruined the city. The Mongol invasion started by Genghis Khan became a calamity for these regions. The development of many people halted in political, economic, social, and cultural fields. Looking from the viewpoint of Islamic history, the region of Otrar flourished culturally and scientifically. This city produced such famous scholars as Abû Nasr Ismâîl bin Hammâd al-Jawharî al-Fârâbî (d. 400/1009) and his uncle and teacher Abû Ibrâhîm Ishâq bin Ibrâhîm al-Fârâbî (d. 350/961) and the great philosopher Abû Nasr al-Fârâbî (d. 339/950). In this city, there were minted coins which are the most important means in meeting people’s social needs and there were built many mosques. The purpose of this study is to give information about the region of Otrar, investigating the process of its Islamization and the influence of Islamic culture on it.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Otrar, İslam tarihi, Islamic history, Orta Asya, Central Asia
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Daribay, M. (2011). Otrar Bölgesi ve İslâm tarihindeki önemi: VI-XIII. yüzyıllar arası. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Konya.
