Aspir biyodizelinin ve motorinle karışımlarının tek silindirli bir dizel motorda yağlama yağına etkilerinin belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2011-10-31
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, Aspir Biyodizeli (Aspir Yağı Metil Esteri) üretimi transesterifikasyon yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aspirden elde edilen biyodizel yakıtı motorinle %2 (B2) ve %20 (B20) oranında karıştırılmıştır. Karışımlar sonucunda elde edilen B2, B20, B100 ve motorin yakıtlarının viskozitesi, yoğunluğu, su miktarı, ısıl değeri, parlama noktası, bulutlanma, donma ve akma noktası, kül miktarı, bakır çubuk korozyonu testi ve CFPP (STFN) testi yapılmıştır. B2, B20, B100 ve motorin yakıtlarıyla dört zamanlı, tek silindirli, su soğutmalı, direk püskürtmeli yakıt sistemine sahip bir dizel motorda performans ve emisyon değerleri belirlenmiştir. Her yakıtta motor, kısmi yük altında 100 saat çalıştırılmış ve belirli saatlerde motor yağlama yağından numuneler alınmıştır. Motor yağlama yağından alınan bu numunelerin, aşınma elementleri olan demir, alüminyum, kurşun, bakır ve krom durumlarına bakılmıştır. Ortalama değerlere bakıldığında en yüksek tork değeri 1400 1/min devrinde motorin yakıtında, en yüksek motor gücü değerleri bütün yakıtlarda 2000 1/min'da, en düşük özgül yakıt tüketimi ise 1800 1/min'da elde edilmiştir. Bütün yakıtlardaki egzoz emisyonları incelendiğinde, CO emisyonlarında ki maksimum azalma B100 yakıtı ile 1300 1/minakika'da % 55,02 oranında elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre motorin yakıtının CO2 emisyonu değerleri genel olarak B2, B20 ve B100 yakıtlarının değerlerine göre düşük çıkmaktadır. En düşük HC değeri 2300 1/min'da motorin yakıtında 1 ppm ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlara göre B100 yakıtının SO2 değeri en düşük çıktığı görülmektedir. En yüksek O2 emisyonu değeri 1400 1/min'da motorin yakıtında görülmüştür. Ortalama değerlere bakıldığında B100 yakıtının NOx değerleri motorin yakıtının değerlerine göre %50 oranında artmıştır. Motor yağlama yağından alınan numunelerin analizi sonucunda, yağlama yağının motor çalışma saati arttıkça incelmesine paralel olarak, çalışmada kullanılan bu numuneler için aşınma ürünlerinde de artışlar gözlenmiştir. ICP yağ analizleri sonuçları incelendiğinde motordaki aşınmaların en önemli göstergelerinden olan yağlama yağı içerisindeki aşınma ürünlerinden demir, kurşun, alüminyum, krom ve bakır miktarı, biyodizel ve karışımlarının kullanımında motorin yakıta nazaran daha fazla arttığı, ancak yine de kabul edilebilir limit değerler içerisinde kaldığı görülmüştür
In the present study, Safflower Biodiesel (Safflower Oil Methyl Ester) production was performed through transesterification. The biodiesel fuel obtained from safflower was blended with diesel fuel at rates of 2% (B2) and 20% (B20). Kinematic viscosity, density, water content, heating value, flash point, clouding, freezing and pour point, ash content, copper strip corrosion and Cold Filter Plug Point (CFPP) tests were performed on B2, B20, B100 fuel blends and diesel fuel. Performance and emission values of B2, B20, B100 fuel blends and diesel fuel were determined on a four stroke, single cylinder, water cooled diesel engine with a direct injection fuel system. With each fuel, the engine was operated at partial load for 100 hours and samples were taken from the engine lubricating oil predetermined hour intervals. The wear elements iron, aluminum, lead, copper and chromium contents of the samples taken from the engine lubricating oil were examined. When the average values are examined, it was seen that maximum torque value was obtained at 1400 rpm with diesel fuel, maximum engine power values were obtained at 2000 rpm with all fuels, and the lowest specific fuel consumption was obtained at 1800 rpm. The evaluation of the exhaust emissions with all fuels showed that the maximum decrease in CO emissions was obtained as 55.02% with B100 fuel at 1300 rpm. The results showed that CO2 emission values of diesel fuel were generally lower compared to that of B2, B20 and B100 fuels. The lowest HC value was measured as 1 ppm at 2300 rpm with diesel fuel. The results showed that the lowest SO2 value was obtained with B100 fuel. The highest O2 emission value was observed with the use of diesel fuel at 1400 rpm. When the average values were observed, it was seen that NOx values of B100 fuel increased at a rate of 50% compared to that of diesel fuel. As the result of the analyses of the samples taken from the engine lubricating oil, increases were observed in engine wear elements for the samples used in the study in parallel with the thinning of the engine oil as the operating time increased. When the results of the ICP oil analyses were examined, it was observed that of the engine wear elements, the amount of iron, lead, aluminum, chromium and copper, which are among the most important indicators of engine wear, increased more with the use of biodiesel blends compared to the case of diesel fuel, but still remained within the acceptable limit values.
In the present study, Safflower Biodiesel (Safflower Oil Methyl Ester) production was performed through transesterification. The biodiesel fuel obtained from safflower was blended with diesel fuel at rates of 2% (B2) and 20% (B20). Kinematic viscosity, density, water content, heating value, flash point, clouding, freezing and pour point, ash content, copper strip corrosion and Cold Filter Plug Point (CFPP) tests were performed on B2, B20, B100 fuel blends and diesel fuel. Performance and emission values of B2, B20, B100 fuel blends and diesel fuel were determined on a four stroke, single cylinder, water cooled diesel engine with a direct injection fuel system. With each fuel, the engine was operated at partial load for 100 hours and samples were taken from the engine lubricating oil predetermined hour intervals. The wear elements iron, aluminum, lead, copper and chromium contents of the samples taken from the engine lubricating oil were examined. When the average values are examined, it was seen that maximum torque value was obtained at 1400 rpm with diesel fuel, maximum engine power values were obtained at 2000 rpm with all fuels, and the lowest specific fuel consumption was obtained at 1800 rpm. The evaluation of the exhaust emissions with all fuels showed that the maximum decrease in CO emissions was obtained as 55.02% with B100 fuel at 1300 rpm. The results showed that CO2 emission values of diesel fuel were generally lower compared to that of B2, B20 and B100 fuels. The lowest HC value was measured as 1 ppm at 2300 rpm with diesel fuel. The results showed that the lowest SO2 value was obtained with B100 fuel. The highest O2 emission value was observed with the use of diesel fuel at 1400 rpm. When the average values were observed, it was seen that NOx values of B100 fuel increased at a rate of 50% compared to that of diesel fuel. As the result of the analyses of the samples taken from the engine lubricating oil, increases were observed in engine wear elements for the samples used in the study in parallel with the thinning of the engine oil as the operating time increased. When the results of the ICP oil analyses were examined, it was observed that of the engine wear elements, the amount of iron, lead, aluminum, chromium and copper, which are among the most important indicators of engine wear, increased more with the use of biodiesel blends compared to the case of diesel fuel, but still remained within the acceptable limit values.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Aspir, Biyodizel - motorin karışımları, Motor performansı, Egzoz emisyonları, Motor yağlama yağı, Motor aşınma elementleri, Safflower, Biodiesel – diesel fuel blends, Engine performance, Exhaust emissions, Engine lubricating oil, Engine wear elements
Kaynak
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Künye
Özçelik, A. E. (2011). Aspir biyodizelinin ve motorinle karışımlarının tek silindirli bir dizel motorda yağlama yağına etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
