Tiplerine ve teknolojik özelliklerine göre seraların karşılaştırmalı yatırım analizi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Nüfus artışının gıdaya olan gereksinimi artırmasına karşılık tarım alanlarının amaç dışı kullanılması gıda arz güvenliği sorununa neden olmaktadır. Bu sorunun çözümü için gıda arzının artan talebi karşılayacak düzeye çıkarılması gerekmektedir. Türkiye gibi ekilebilir tarım alanlarının son sınıra ulaştığı ülkelerde artan gıda talebi birim alanda verim artışı ile mümkündür. Seralar, üretim sezonunda birden fazla ürün elde edilmesi ve üretim sürecinin kontrol altında gerçekleştirilerek verim kayıplarının azaltılması açısından gıda arzına önemli katkı sağlayan tarım sistemleridir. Ancak seralarda birim alandan daha yüksek verim almak için seralar özellikleri ve yapıları itibariyle amaca uygun planlanmalıdır. Tarım işletmelerinde seraların planlanmasında en önemli ölçüt yatırım maliyetidir. Bu doğrultuda çalışma kapsamında tiplerine ve teknolojik özelliklerine göre seraların yatırım analizinin yapılması ve elde edilen sonuçların karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca sera tiplerine ve teknolojik özelliklerine göre üretilen ürünlerin verimliliklerinin ve işletmelerin karlılıklarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Amaçlar doğrultusunda Mersin ilinde sebze üretimi yapan 99 adet plastik, 86 adet cam ve 5 adet topraksız sera işletmelerinde anket yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda net kar; domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan plastik sera işletmelerinde 9.814,15 TL/da, domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan topraksız sera işletmelerinde 109.532,91 TL/da, biber yetiştiriciliği yapılan plastik sera işletmelerinde 5.522,14 TL/da, hıyar yetiştiriciliği yapılan cam sera işletmelerinde 10.460,53 TL/ da belirlenmiştir. Sera tiplerine göre 3,93 yıl ile topraksız sera işletmelerinde yatırımın geri ödeme süresinin daha kısa olduğu ve 6,68 yıl ile plastik serada domates yetiştiriciliğinin takip ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla net bugünkü değer domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan plastik ve topraksız seralarda pozitif olup bu yatırımların kârlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Benzer şekilde fayda masraf oranı topraksız domates seralarında 2,05 ve plastik domates seralarında 1,13 hesaplanmıştır. Bu nedenle söz konusu iki sera tipinde ve ürünlerinde projenin geliri yatırımından daha fazla olduğu için karlılık yüksektir. Ayrıca çalışmada üreticilerin sera tercihini etkileyen faktörler Binomial Probit Model ile belirlenmiştir. Model sonucunda sera alanı, tarımsal örgüt üyeliği, sözleşmeli üretim ve desteklerden yararlanma değişkenleri arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Although population growth increases the need for food, the misuse of agricultural land causes food supply security problems. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to increase the food supply to a level to meet the increasing demand. In countries like Turkey, where arable agricultural areas have reached the last limit, increasing food demand is possible with an increase in yield per unit area. Greenhouses are agricultural systems that make a significant contribution to food supply in terms of obtaining more than one product in the production season and reducing yield losses by carrying out the production process under control. However, in order to obtain higher yield from unit area in greenhouses, greenhouses should be planned in accordance with their characteristics and structures. The most important criterion in the planning of greenhouses in agricultural enterprises is investment cost. In this direction, it is aimed to make investment analysis of greenhouses according to their types and technological characteristics and to compare the results obtained within the scope of the study. In addition, it is aimed to compare the productivity of the products produced according to the greenhouse types and technological characteristics and the profitability of the enterprises. In line with the objectives, a survey was conducted in 99 plastic, 86 glass and 5 soilless greenhouse enterprises producing vegetables in Mersin province. According to the data obtained, net profit was determined as 9.814,15 TL/da in plastic greenhouse enterprises for tomato cultivation, 109.532,91 TL/da in soilless greenhouse enterprises for tomato cultivation, 5.522,14 TL/da in plastic greenhouse enterprises for pepper cultivation and 10.460,53 TL/da in glass greenhouse enterprises for cucumber cultivation. According to the greenhouse types, it was determined that the payback period of the investment was shorter in soilless greenhouse enterprises with 3.93 years and followed by tomato cultivation in plastic greenhouse with 6.68 years. Therefore, the net present value is positive in plastic and soilless greenhouses where tomato cultivation is carried out, indicating that these investments are profitable. Similarly, the benefit-cost ratio was calculated as 2.05 in soilless tomato greenhouses and 1.13 in plastic tomato greenhouses. Therefore, in these two greenhouse types and products, profitability is high since the income of the project is higher than the investment. In addition, the factors affecting the greenhouse preference of the producers were determined by Binomial Probit Model. As a result of the model, it was determined that there is a positive relationship between the variables of greenhouse area, agricultural organisation membership, contracted production and benefiting from supports.
Although population growth increases the need for food, the misuse of agricultural land causes food supply security problems. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to increase the food supply to a level to meet the increasing demand. In countries like Turkey, where arable agricultural areas have reached the last limit, increasing food demand is possible with an increase in yield per unit area. Greenhouses are agricultural systems that make a significant contribution to food supply in terms of obtaining more than one product in the production season and reducing yield losses by carrying out the production process under control. However, in order to obtain higher yield from unit area in greenhouses, greenhouses should be planned in accordance with their characteristics and structures. The most important criterion in the planning of greenhouses in agricultural enterprises is investment cost. In this direction, it is aimed to make investment analysis of greenhouses according to their types and technological characteristics and to compare the results obtained within the scope of the study. In addition, it is aimed to compare the productivity of the products produced according to the greenhouse types and technological characteristics and the profitability of the enterprises. In line with the objectives, a survey was conducted in 99 plastic, 86 glass and 5 soilless greenhouse enterprises producing vegetables in Mersin province. According to the data obtained, net profit was determined as 9.814,15 TL/da in plastic greenhouse enterprises for tomato cultivation, 109.532,91 TL/da in soilless greenhouse enterprises for tomato cultivation, 5.522,14 TL/da in plastic greenhouse enterprises for pepper cultivation and 10.460,53 TL/da in glass greenhouse enterprises for cucumber cultivation. According to the greenhouse types, it was determined that the payback period of the investment was shorter in soilless greenhouse enterprises with 3.93 years and followed by tomato cultivation in plastic greenhouse with 6.68 years. Therefore, the net present value is positive in plastic and soilless greenhouses where tomato cultivation is carried out, indicating that these investments are profitable. Similarly, the benefit-cost ratio was calculated as 2.05 in soilless tomato greenhouses and 1.13 in plastic tomato greenhouses. Therefore, in these two greenhouse types and products, profitability is high since the income of the project is higher than the investment. In addition, the factors affecting the greenhouse preference of the producers were determined by Binomial Probit Model. As a result of the model, it was determined that there is a positive relationship between the variables of greenhouse area, agricultural organisation membership, contracted production and benefiting from supports.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Fayda-Masraf Oranı, Sera Teknolojileri, Seracılık, Yatırım Analizi, Benefit-Cost Ratio, Greenhouse Technologies, Greenhouse Cultivation, Investment Analysis
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Kara, O., (2024). Tiplerine ve Teknolojik Özelliklerine Göre Seraların Karşılaştırmalı Yatırım Analizi. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
