2014-2017 yılları arasında Harput iç kale kazılarında bulunan Bizans Dönemi sikkeleri
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çalışmamızda 2014-2017 yılları arasında Harput İç kale kazılarında bulunan 42 adet bronz sikkenin incelemesi yapılmıştır. Bunlardan 32 adedi Bizans Dönemi'ne, 6 tanesi Haçlılara tarihlendirilmiştir. Haçlı sikkelerinin 3'ü Edessa (Urfa) Haçlı Kontluğu'na, diğer 3 tanesi de Antakya Haçlı Prensliği'ne aittir. Kataloğun son kısmında bulunan 4 adet sikke ise yoğun aşınma ve korozyon nedeniyle tarihlendirilememiştir. Ancak bu sikkelerin ağırlıkları, incelikleri ve işçiliği nedeniyle Haçlı sikkeleri olduğu düşünülmektedir. 32 adet Bizans sikkesinden 2'si 6. yüzyıla, 1'i, 7. yüzyıla, 29 tanesi ise 11. yüzyıla tarihlendirilmiştir. 6. yüzyıl sikkeleri imparator I. Iustinus (518-527) dönemine ve onun ardılı olan yeğeni imparator I. Iustinianus'a (527/565); 7. yüzyıl sikkesi ise imparatorluğu kısa süren Heraclonas'a (641) tarihlendirilmiştir. 11. yüzyıl sikkelerinden 20 adet Anonim Follis tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, A2 grubundan 11, B grubundan 4, C, D ve I gruplarından birer adet, 1 adet de aşınma nedeniyle net olmayan ancak D ya da E grubu olarak tespit ettiğimiz sikke vardır. Yine 11. yüzyıldan sikkelerinden 5 tanesi X. Constantinos Dukas, (1059-1067), 1 tanesi IV. Romanos Diogenes (1068-1071), 3 tanesi de I. Aleksios Komnenos dönemlerine (1081-1118) tarihlendirilmiştir. Sikkeler ölçeğinde bakıldığında Bizans'ın Harput hâkimiyeti 6. yüzyılda başlamış, 11. yüzyılın son çeyreği içinde sona ermiştir. İlk olarak I. Iustinus (518- 527) zamanında başlayan bu egemenlik aralıklarla devam etmiş, I. Aleksios Komnenos (1081-1118) dönemine denk gelen 1085 yılında da sona ermiştir. Dolayısıyla 6. ve 7. yüzyıllarda siyasi istikrarsızlık nedeniyle Bizans sikkelerin sayısı çok azdır. 11. yüzyıl sikkelerinin sayısal fazlalığı dikkati çekmektedir. Özellikle Bizans Dönemi sikkelerinin bu yüzyılda fazla olması Bizans'ın bölgedeki siyasi ağırlığının önceki yüzyıllara göre daha fazla olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Aynı yüzyılda Bizans'ın doğuda etkisi kalmamıştır. Bunun yerine I. Haçlı Seferleri sonunda kurulan Edessa (Urfa) Kontluğu, Birecik Senyörlüğü ve Antakya Prensliği ile Harput arasında münasebetler başlamıştır. Katalogdaki Haçlı sikkeleri de, bu dönemde Harput'ta geçerli olan ve ticarette karşılık bulan sikkelerdir.
In this study, 42 bronze coins unearthed at the excavations carried out at the citadel of Harput between 2014 and 2017 are examined. Of these coins, 32 were dated to the Byzantine Era and 6 to the Crusaders. Three of the Crusader coins belong to Edessa (Urfa) Crusader County and the other 3 belong to Antioch Crusader Principality. 4 coins at the final section of the catalog could not be dated due to heavy wear and corrosion. However, these coins are estimated to be Crusader coins given their weights, subtleties and craftsmanship. Of the 32 Byzantine coins, 2 were dated to the 6th century, one to the 7th century and 29 to the 11th century. The sixth century coins were dated to the era of Emperor Iustinus I (518-527) and his nephew and successor, Emperor Iustinianus I (527/565) whereas the 7th century coin was dated to Heraclonas (641), whose empire was short-lived. 20 pieces of Anonymous Follis were identified from the 11th century coins. According to this, we have classified 11 coins into the A2 group, 4 into the B group, one into each of C, D and I groups; there is one coin which is not clear due to corrosion, yet we have classified it into the group D or E. By the same token, 5 of the 11th century coins were dated to the era of Constantinos Dukas X, (1059-1067), 1 to the era of Romanos Diogenes IV (1068-1071), and 3 were dated to the era of Alexios Komnenos I (1081-1118). Given these coins, Byzantine sovereignty over Harput began in the 6th century and ended in the last quarter of the 11th century. This sovereignty, which first began at the era of Iustinus I (518-527), continued on certain intervals and ended in 1085, which corresponds to the era of Alexios Komnenos I (1081-1118). Therefore, the number of Byzantine coins is very few due to political instability in the 6th and 7th centuries. The excessive number of 11th century coins is remarkable. Given the excessive number of Byzantine Era coins particularly in this century, it can be understood that the political dominance of the Byzantine Empire on the region was heavier in comparison to the earlier centuries. The Byzantine Empire had no influence in the east in the same century. Rather, the relationships established at the end of the I. Crusades between Edessa (Urfa) County, Birecik Seniorship, Antioch Principality and Harput started. The Crusader coins in the catalog are the coins which used to be in circulation and used in trade in Harput during this period.
In this study, 42 bronze coins unearthed at the excavations carried out at the citadel of Harput between 2014 and 2017 are examined. Of these coins, 32 were dated to the Byzantine Era and 6 to the Crusaders. Three of the Crusader coins belong to Edessa (Urfa) Crusader County and the other 3 belong to Antioch Crusader Principality. 4 coins at the final section of the catalog could not be dated due to heavy wear and corrosion. However, these coins are estimated to be Crusader coins given their weights, subtleties and craftsmanship. Of the 32 Byzantine coins, 2 were dated to the 6th century, one to the 7th century and 29 to the 11th century. The sixth century coins were dated to the era of Emperor Iustinus I (518-527) and his nephew and successor, Emperor Iustinianus I (527/565) whereas the 7th century coin was dated to Heraclonas (641), whose empire was short-lived. 20 pieces of Anonymous Follis were identified from the 11th century coins. According to this, we have classified 11 coins into the A2 group, 4 into the B group, one into each of C, D and I groups; there is one coin which is not clear due to corrosion, yet we have classified it into the group D or E. By the same token, 5 of the 11th century coins were dated to the era of Constantinos Dukas X, (1059-1067), 1 to the era of Romanos Diogenes IV (1068-1071), and 3 were dated to the era of Alexios Komnenos I (1081-1118). Given these coins, Byzantine sovereignty over Harput began in the 6th century and ended in the last quarter of the 11th century. This sovereignty, which first began at the era of Iustinus I (518-527), continued on certain intervals and ended in 1085, which corresponds to the era of Alexios Komnenos I (1081-1118). Therefore, the number of Byzantine coins is very few due to political instability in the 6th and 7th centuries. The excessive number of 11th century coins is remarkable. Given the excessive number of Byzantine Era coins particularly in this century, it can be understood that the political dominance of the Byzantine Empire on the region was heavier in comparison to the earlier centuries. The Byzantine Empire had no influence in the east in the same century. Rather, the relationships established at the end of the I. Crusades between Edessa (Urfa) County, Birecik Seniorship, Antioch Principality and Harput started. The Crusader coins in the catalog are the coins which used to be in circulation and used in trade in Harput during this period.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Harput, sikke, coin
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Bayram, M. (2019). 2014-2017 Yılları Arasında Harput İç Kale Kazılarında Bulunan Bizans Dönemi Sikkeleri. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
