Farklı aydınlatma proğramları ile mısır ve tritikale esaslı rasyonların etlik piliçlerin verim performansı karkas özellikleri ve yağlanması üzerine etkileri
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Tarih
2006-11-24
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Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırma, 4 farklı aydınlatma proğramı altında 3 yem kaynağının etlik piliçler üzerine etkisini belirlemek için yapılmıştır. Cinsiyet ayrımı yapılmış 1 günlük yaşta toplam 960 adet Ross 308 (480 erkek ve 480 dişi) etlik civciv materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Deneme, 4 aydınlatma odasında 3 yem muamelesi 4 tekerrürlü olarak toplam 48 alt grupta yürütülmüştür. Gruplara ilk üç gün 23 saat aydınlık (A):1 saat karanlık (K) uygulanmıştır. Aydınlatma proğramları, 1- Artan [(Ar-A): 4-14. günlerde (gn.) 12A:12K; 15-21.gn., 14A:10K; 22-28.gn., 16A:8K; 29-42.gn., 18A:6K], 2- Sürekli [(Sr-A, kontrol): 1- 42. gn., 23A:1K], 3- Kesikli [(Ks-A): 4-42. 3A:1K] ve 4- Azalan [(Az-A): 4-14.gn., 18A:6K; 15-21. günler arası 16A:8K; 22-28.gn., 14A:10K; 29-42. gn., 12A:12K] proğramları uygulanmıştır. Başlangıç (%23 HP ve 3000 Kcal/kg ME), büyütme (%21 HP ve 3175 Kcal/kg ME) ve bitirme yemi (%20 HP ve 3225 Kcal/kg ME) sırasıyla 0-11., 12-28. ve 29-42. günlerde ve mısır (kontrol) ile tritikale sırasıyla %50, 55 ve 58; mısır+tritikale ise %25:25; 27.5:27.5 ve 29:29 oranında kullanılmıştır. Yemlerde enzim kullanılmamıştır. Canlı ağırlık (CA) yem tüketimi (YT), canlı ağırlık artışı (CAA) ve yem değerlendirme katsayıları (YDK) ölçümleri haftalık yapılmıştır. Karkas analizi için her alt gruptan 3 erkek ve 3 dişi toplam 288 piliç kesilmiştir. Deneme sonunda, aydınlatma proğramlarının CA, CAA, YT ve YDK üzerine etkisi önemsiz, yem ham maddelerinin etkisi ve aydınlatma*yem hammaddeleri interaksiyonları ise önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.01). Deneme sonu mısır grubunun CA'sı tritikale grubundan %36, mısır+tritikale gurubundan ise %6.5; Ar-A*Mısır grubunun CA'sı (2137.74g) da, Sr-A*Mısır grubundan (2022.29g) %5 daha yüksektir. Ar-A*Tritikale ve Sr-A*Mısır gruplarının YDK'sı sırasıyla, (2.13, 2.12), Mısır+Tritikale grupların ise (1.91) bulunmuştur. Yaşama gücü muamelelerden etkilememiştir. Gruplarda en yüksek kesim, karkas, üst but, kanat, boyun, taşlık ve kalp ağırlıkları Ar-A-Mısır grubunda, en yüksek karkas randımanı, göğüs, göğüs eti ve alt but ağırlığı ile göğüs oranı Sr-A-Mısır grubunda bulunmuştur (P<0.01). Erkeklerin karkas ve kanat ağırlığı dişilerden %4 daha yüksek, abdominal yağ oranı ise dişilerden %6 daha düşük bulunmuştur. nteraksiyon gruplarında Ar-A*mısır+Tritikale grubunun abdominal yağının oranı Ks-A*Mısır grubundan %27 daha düşük tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, aydınlatma ve yem kombinasyonlarının etlik piliçlerin abdominal yağının azaltılmasında bir metot olarak kullanılabileceğine ve rasyonlara tritikale kullanılması durumunda 28. güne kadar mutlaka enzim katılması gerektiği ayrıca, broyler performansı üzerine tritikaleyi tek başına kullanmak yerine %50:50 mısır ile karıştırmanın daha etkili olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.
This research was carried out to determine the effects of 3 different feed resources under the 4 different lighting programs on broilers. In this experiment, total 960 day-old, sexed Ross 308 broilers (480 males and 480 females) were used. This experiment was conducted total 48 groups in 4 main lighting rooms with 12 floor pens with four replicates for 3 feed resources. Lighting schedules was 23 h light (L):1h dark (D) for all pens in first three days. Lighting treatments were 1st group increasing [(INC), 12L:12D from days 4 to 14; 14L:10D from days 15 to 21; 16L:8D from days 22 to 28; 18L:6D from days 29 to 42], 2nd group was continuous [(CON, control): 23L:1D from days 1 to 42], 3rd group was decreasing [(DEC) 18L:6D from days 4 to 14; 16L:8D from days 15 to 21; 14L:10D from days 22 to 28; 12L:12D from days 29 to 42] and 4th group was intermittent [(INT), 3L:1D from days 4 to 42]. Starter (23% CP and 3000 kcal ME/kg of feed), grower (21% CP and 3175kcal ME/kg of feed), and finisher ration (20 CP and 3225 kcal ME/kg of feed) were provided from 0 to 11, from 12 to 28, from 29-42 days of age respectively. Broilers were fed diets containing either maize (as a control group) or triticale grain as the sole source and maize+triticale. They provided starter, grower and finisher diets % 50, 55 and %58 25%, 27.5, and 29% respectively. Any enzyme (phytase included) was added to the diets. Body weight (BW), feed consumption (FC) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain (BWG) were determined weekly. Total 288 birds were slaughtered with 3 male and 3 female chickens from each sub group for determine carcass traits. It was found that there were no statistically significant differences between lighting groups for broilers BW, BWG, FC, and FCR, but there were significantly differences between feed resources and lighting*feed resources interactions at the end of trail. BW of birds fed maize were %36 and %6 heavier than that fed triticale and maize+triticale groups respectively (P<0.01). The BW of INC*Maize group (2137.74g) was 5% heavier than CON*Maize (as a control) group (2022.29g). The FCR of INC*maize+triticale, CON*maize and maize+triticale groups were 2.13, 2.12, 1.91 respectively. Livability was not affected by treatments. The highest preslaughter, cold carcass, drum, wing, neck, gizzard, and heart weights were in INC- Maize group. However, the highest breast, breast meat and thigh weights and carcass, breast yield were found in CON-Maize groups (P<0.01). Cold carcass and wing weights of male were 4% higher but abdominal fat yield were 6% lower than those of female (P<0.01). Abdominal fat yield of INC*Maize+Triticale group was 27.3% lower than those of INT*Maize group. As a result of experiment, the combination of lighting programs and feed resources could be used as a method to reduce abdominal fat for broilers. It is necessary to use enzyme with triticale until 28d of age and %50:50 maize: triticale using is much more effective for broiler chickens than triticale grain as the sole source.
This research was carried out to determine the effects of 3 different feed resources under the 4 different lighting programs on broilers. In this experiment, total 960 day-old, sexed Ross 308 broilers (480 males and 480 females) were used. This experiment was conducted total 48 groups in 4 main lighting rooms with 12 floor pens with four replicates for 3 feed resources. Lighting schedules was 23 h light (L):1h dark (D) for all pens in first three days. Lighting treatments were 1st group increasing [(INC), 12L:12D from days 4 to 14; 14L:10D from days 15 to 21; 16L:8D from days 22 to 28; 18L:6D from days 29 to 42], 2nd group was continuous [(CON, control): 23L:1D from days 1 to 42], 3rd group was decreasing [(DEC) 18L:6D from days 4 to 14; 16L:8D from days 15 to 21; 14L:10D from days 22 to 28; 12L:12D from days 29 to 42] and 4th group was intermittent [(INT), 3L:1D from days 4 to 42]. Starter (23% CP and 3000 kcal ME/kg of feed), grower (21% CP and 3175kcal ME/kg of feed), and finisher ration (20 CP and 3225 kcal ME/kg of feed) were provided from 0 to 11, from 12 to 28, from 29-42 days of age respectively. Broilers were fed diets containing either maize (as a control group) or triticale grain as the sole source and maize+triticale. They provided starter, grower and finisher diets % 50, 55 and %58 25%, 27.5, and 29% respectively. Any enzyme (phytase included) was added to the diets. Body weight (BW), feed consumption (FC) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain (BWG) were determined weekly. Total 288 birds were slaughtered with 3 male and 3 female chickens from each sub group for determine carcass traits. It was found that there were no statistically significant differences between lighting groups for broilers BW, BWG, FC, and FCR, but there were significantly differences between feed resources and lighting*feed resources interactions at the end of trail. BW of birds fed maize were %36 and %6 heavier than that fed triticale and maize+triticale groups respectively (P<0.01). The BW of INC*Maize group (2137.74g) was 5% heavier than CON*Maize (as a control) group (2022.29g). The FCR of INC*maize+triticale, CON*maize and maize+triticale groups were 2.13, 2.12, 1.91 respectively. Livability was not affected by treatments. The highest preslaughter, cold carcass, drum, wing, neck, gizzard, and heart weights were in INC- Maize group. However, the highest breast, breast meat and thigh weights and carcass, breast yield were found in CON-Maize groups (P<0.01). Cold carcass and wing weights of male were 4% higher but abdominal fat yield were 6% lower than those of female (P<0.01). Abdominal fat yield of INC*Maize+Triticale group was 27.3% lower than those of INT*Maize group. As a result of experiment, the combination of lighting programs and feed resources could be used as a method to reduce abdominal fat for broilers. It is necessary to use enzyme with triticale until 28d of age and %50:50 maize: triticale using is much more effective for broiler chickens than triticale grain as the sole source.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Etlik piliç, Mısır, Tritikale, Verim performansı, Karkas özellikleri, Yağlanma, Broiler, Maize, Triticale, Yield performance, Carcass properties, Fatness, Tarım, Agriculture
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Başer, E. (2006). Farklı aydınlatma proğramları ile mısır ve tritikale esaslı rasyonların etlik piliçlerin verim performansı karkas özellikleri ve yağlanması üzerine etkileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi. Konya.
