Konya Koşullarında Farklı Sulama Programı Uygulamalarının Ekmeklik Buğdayın (Triticum aestivum L.) Verim ve Kalitesine Etkisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma ekmeklik buğdayda uygulanan geleneksel tam sulama ve bitki gelişme dönemlerine
dayalı farklı tamamlayıcı sulama stratejilerinin ürün verimi ve kalitesine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla
yürütülmüştür. Bunun için 2018-2020 döneminde Konya’da Toprak Su ve Çölleşme ile Mücadele
Araştırma Enstitüsü arazisinde tarla denemeleri yürütülmüştür. Denemede geleneksel tam sulama,
tamamlayıcı sulama ve sulamasız (yağışa bağlı) olmak üzere üç farklı strateji altında 14 farklı sulama
programı uygulanmıştır. Geleneksel tam sulamada toprak nemi baz alınarak, bitki kök bölgesi Faydalı Su
Kapasitesi (FSK)’nin %60’ı tüketilince sulama yenilenmiş ve toprağın mevcut nemi tarla kapasitesine
ulaştırılmıştır. Tamamlayıcı sulama grubunda ise iki farklı planlama yapılmıştır. Birincisinde, buğdayın
sapa kalkma, başaklanma ve süt olum dönemlerinde toprak nemine bağlı dönemsel tam sulama yapılmış
ve bu kapsamda 3 farklı tamamlayıcı sulama programı oluşturulmuştur. İkincisinde ise, buğdayın
mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi (ETc) ile buğdayın yetişme dönemine ait (Ekim-Temmuz arası) uzun yıllar
(1986-2016) ortalaması yağış miktarı, ortalama üstü yağış alan yıllar ortalaması ve ortalama altı yağış
alan yıllar ortalaması yağış değerleri farkı dikkate alınarak üç farklı mevsimlik sulama suyu ihtiyacı
tahmin edilmiştir. Tahmin edilen sulama suyu ihtiyaç değerleri hassas gelişme dönem sayısına (3 adet)
bölünerek, her dönem için eşit miktarda sulama suyu ihtiyaçları kestirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda 9 adet
tamamlayıcı sulama programı oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada en yüksek ürün verimi toprak faydalı su
kapasitesinin %60’ı tüketilince sulamaların yenilendiği geleneksel tam sulama konusundan elde
edilmiştir. Buğdayın su stresine hassas olduğu gelişme dönemlerine dayalı tamamlayıcı sulama
uygulamaları arasında en iyi performansı, üç gelişme döneminde tam sulanan (toplam 321 mm) konu ile
her bir gelişme döneminde sabit 90 (toplam 270 mm), 70 (toplam 210 mm) ve 50 (toplam 150 mm) mm
sulama suyu uygulanan konular göstermiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sulamanın üretkenliğine ilişkin
göstergeler analiz edildiğinde, Konya gibi su kaynakları kısıtlı olan bölgelerde, optimum verimin tam
sulama yerine, kısıntılı tamamlayıcı sulanan daha geniş bir alandan temin edilebileceği görülmektedir. Bu
yolla üründe bir azalış olmadan, buğday tarımında tüketilen sulama suyu miktarında %28.3 ile %45.3
tasarruf sağlanabilecektir.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of conventional full irrigation and different supplemental irrigation strategies based on plant growth stages on crop yield and quality in bread wheat. For this, field experiment were carried out on the land of the Soil, Water and Combating Desertification Research Institute in Konya during the 2018-2020 seasons. In the experiment, 14 different irrigation programs were applied under three different strategies as conventional full irrigation, supplemental irrigation and no irrigation (rainfield). Based on soil moisture in conventional full irrigation, when 60% of the plant root zone's Available Water Capacity (AWC) was consumed, irrigation was renewed and the current moisture of the soil was brought to the field capacity. In the supplemental irrigation group, two different plans were made. In the first, periodic full irrigation was carried out depending on soil moisture during the the stem extension, heading and milk stages, and within this scope, 3 different supplemental irrigation programs were created. In the second, the difference in seasonal Evapotranspiration (ETc) of wheat and the average precipitation amount of the wheat growing period (October-July) for many years (1986-2016), the average of years with above average precipitation and the average precipitation values of years with below average precipitation are taken into account. Three different seasonal irrigation water needs were estimated. Equal amount of irrigation water needs were estimated for each stage by dividing the estimated irrigation water requirement values by the number of sensitive development stages (3 units). In this context, 9 supplemental irrigation programs have been established. In the study, the highest yield was obtained from the conventional full irrigation, where the irrigations were renewed when 60% of the soil available water capacity was consumed. Among the supplemental irrigation applications based on the development stages when wheat is sensitive to water stress, the best performance was achieved with the subject fully irrigated (321 mm in total) in the three growth stages, with a constant 90 (270 mm in total), 70 (total 210 mm) and 50 (total) 90 (total) irrigation in each growth stage. 150 mm) mm of irrigation water applied subjects. When the indicators related to the productivity of irrigation obtained from the study are analyzed, it is seen that in regions with limited water resources such as Konya, the optimum yield can be obtained from a wider area with limited supplemental irrigation instead of full irrigation. In this way, 28.3% to 45.3% savings will be achieved in the amount of irrigation water consumed in wheat farming without a decrease in the product.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of conventional full irrigation and different supplemental irrigation strategies based on plant growth stages on crop yield and quality in bread wheat. For this, field experiment were carried out on the land of the Soil, Water and Combating Desertification Research Institute in Konya during the 2018-2020 seasons. In the experiment, 14 different irrigation programs were applied under three different strategies as conventional full irrigation, supplemental irrigation and no irrigation (rainfield). Based on soil moisture in conventional full irrigation, when 60% of the plant root zone's Available Water Capacity (AWC) was consumed, irrigation was renewed and the current moisture of the soil was brought to the field capacity. In the supplemental irrigation group, two different plans were made. In the first, periodic full irrigation was carried out depending on soil moisture during the the stem extension, heading and milk stages, and within this scope, 3 different supplemental irrigation programs were created. In the second, the difference in seasonal Evapotranspiration (ETc) of wheat and the average precipitation amount of the wheat growing period (October-July) for many years (1986-2016), the average of years with above average precipitation and the average precipitation values of years with below average precipitation are taken into account. Three different seasonal irrigation water needs were estimated. Equal amount of irrigation water needs were estimated for each stage by dividing the estimated irrigation water requirement values by the number of sensitive development stages (3 units). In this context, 9 supplemental irrigation programs have been established. In the study, the highest yield was obtained from the conventional full irrigation, where the irrigations were renewed when 60% of the soil available water capacity was consumed. Among the supplemental irrigation applications based on the development stages when wheat is sensitive to water stress, the best performance was achieved with the subject fully irrigated (321 mm in total) in the three growth stages, with a constant 90 (270 mm in total), 70 (total 210 mm) and 50 (total) 90 (total) irrigation in each growth stage. 150 mm) mm of irrigation water applied subjects. When the indicators related to the productivity of irrigation obtained from the study are analyzed, it is seen that in regions with limited water resources such as Konya, the optimum yield can be obtained from a wider area with limited supplemental irrigation instead of full irrigation. In this way, 28.3% to 45.3% savings will be achieved in the amount of irrigation water consumed in wheat farming without a decrease in the product.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Geleneksel Tam Sulama, Tamamlayıcı Sulama, Buğday, Verim, Kalite, Konya, Conventional Full Irrigation, Supplemental Irrigation, Wheat, Yield, Quality
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Dündar, M. A., (2021). Konya Koşullarında Farklı Sulama Programı Uygulamalarının Ekmeklik Buğdayın (Triticum aestivum L.) Verim ve Kalitesine Etkisi. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
