Siyasal söylemin ve ideolojilerin gazete karikatürlerinde yeniden üretimi (örnek olay 1982 ve 2010 Anayasa Referandum süreci)
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2012
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Siyaset ve basın arasında karşılıklı çıkara dayanan bir ilişki söz konusudur. Siyaset kendi propagandasını yaymak için basından, basın da ekonomik rant sağlamak ve ayakta durabilmek için siyasetten yararlanmaktadır. Bu durum her ne kadar günümüze özgü bir durummuş gibi gözükse de aslında tarihi, basının ilk ortaya çıktığı zamanlara kadar dayanmaktadır. Basın, siyasi söylemi ve ideolojileri gazetelerin her bir materyalinde yeniden üretmektedir. Siyasi söylemin ve ideolojilerin gazete materyallerinde üretimi noktasında haber metinleri her ne kadar başı çekse de karikatürler de çizgilerinde bu görevi üstlenmektedir. ?Basit, doğrudan araçlar aracılığıyla zengin bir enformasyon taşımaya çalışan ileti örnekleri olan karikatürler?(Fiske 1996: 73), ideoloji ve söylem üretimini kimi zaman görsel, yazılı ve sözel kimi zaman ise sadece görsel malzemeler vasıtasıyla yaparlar. Daha çoğunlukla muhalefet yapma amacında olan karikatürler hangi yolu kullanırlarsa kullansınlar sonuçta, iletilmek istenen mesajların hedef kitle tarafından doğru okunmasını ve algılanmasını sağlarlar. Türkiye'de, cumhuriyetten sonra, anayasal düzeni yeni baştan oluşturmak için, `demokrasi ayarı' olarak nitelendirilen`askeri darbeler' gerçekleşmiş ve bunların akabinde anayasa, yeni baştan düzenlenmiştir. Bu tür süreçlerde, iktidar ve muhalefet partilerinin söylemleri gazetelerde yeni baştan üretilmiştir. 1980 askeri darbesinin ürünü olan 1982 Anayasası ve bu anayasanın bazı maddelerinin değişmesini sağlayan 2010 referandumu söz konusu olan bu süreçlerdendir. Bu çalışmada, 1982 Anayasası döneminde yayınlanan darbe ürünü karikatürler ile 2010 referandum anayasa değişikliği döneminde yayınlanan karikatürlerin siyasal söylem ve gazete ideolojilerini yeniden üretimi noktasında karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Dolayısıyla söz konusu dönemlerde yayınlanan gazetelerin karikatür sayfalarında bu süreçlerin nasıl yansıdığı dil-söylem ve ideoloji açısından incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, karikatür çizerlerinin tabi oldukları gazetelerinin ideolojilerine göre hareket edip etmediği de belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 1982 döneminden; `Cumhuriyet', `Güneş' ve `Tercüman', 2010 referandumu döneminden ise, `Cumhuriyet', `Milliyet' ve `Zaman' gazetelerinin karikatür sayfaları irdelenmiştir. Çalışmada, literatür taramasının yanı sıra, ?söylem çözümlemesi? ve ?göstergebilimsel çözümleme? yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: 2010 referandumu, 1982 Anayasası, ideoloji, söylem, söylem çözümlemesi, göstergebilim, mizah, karikatür, medya ve siyaset ilişkisi.
There is a relationship based on self-interest of the press and politics. While politics make use of the press to spread their own propaganda, the media benefit from the politics in order to ensure the economic rant and their survival. Though it seems specific to the present day, its history actually dates back to the emergence of the press. The press re-produces the political discourse and ideologies in every single unit of newspapers. At this point, the texts in newspapers draws the head, but the caricatures also play a crucial role in demonstrating this reproduction. ?Caricatures are the ways of communication that try to convey the knowledge through simple and clear devices? ?(Fiske 1996: 73), while the caricatures sometimes present the production of ideology and political discourse as visually, written and verbally, they frequently do it only visually. In addition, the caricatures mostly aim to make opposition, but whichever way they use, as a consequence they allow the target group to receive the aimed message directly. ?Military coups?, the so-called ?the adjustments to democracy? were staged in Turkey after the Republic in order to recreate the constitutional order and just after, the constitutional law was regulated again. At this process, the discourses of the ruling and opposition parties were re-evaluated in the newspapers. The referendum held in 2010 made the amendments of the 1982 Constitution, which was an outcome of the military coup, possible and was one of these processes in question.This study has drawn a comparison between the caricatures that were an outcome of the military coup and have been published during the 1982 Constution era, with regards to political discourse and the new generation of newpaper ideologies and the caricatures that were published during the referendum held in 2010 and the amendments that went along with it. Thus it has been analysed how the caricature pages of the newspapers that were published in the periods in question reflected the discourse and the ideology. Moreover it has been revealed whether the caricaturists proceed according to the ideology of the newspaper they were working for. In this study, the newspapers `Cumhuriyet?, `Güneş? ve `Tercüman? that belong all to the 1982 era and the newspapers `Cumhuriyet?, `Milliyet? ve `Zaman? which belong to the 2012 referendum era have been analyzed. In this study, along with the literature review, ?discourse analysis? and ?semiotics analysis? methods have been used. Key words: Referendum 2010, Constitution 1982, ideology, discourse, discourse analysis, semiotics, humour, caricature, relationship between media and politics.
There is a relationship based on self-interest of the press and politics. While politics make use of the press to spread their own propaganda, the media benefit from the politics in order to ensure the economic rant and their survival. Though it seems specific to the present day, its history actually dates back to the emergence of the press. The press re-produces the political discourse and ideologies in every single unit of newspapers. At this point, the texts in newspapers draws the head, but the caricatures also play a crucial role in demonstrating this reproduction. ?Caricatures are the ways of communication that try to convey the knowledge through simple and clear devices? ?(Fiske 1996: 73), while the caricatures sometimes present the production of ideology and political discourse as visually, written and verbally, they frequently do it only visually. In addition, the caricatures mostly aim to make opposition, but whichever way they use, as a consequence they allow the target group to receive the aimed message directly. ?Military coups?, the so-called ?the adjustments to democracy? were staged in Turkey after the Republic in order to recreate the constitutional order and just after, the constitutional law was regulated again. At this process, the discourses of the ruling and opposition parties were re-evaluated in the newspapers. The referendum held in 2010 made the amendments of the 1982 Constitution, which was an outcome of the military coup, possible and was one of these processes in question.This study has drawn a comparison between the caricatures that were an outcome of the military coup and have been published during the 1982 Constution era, with regards to political discourse and the new generation of newpaper ideologies and the caricatures that were published during the referendum held in 2010 and the amendments that went along with it. Thus it has been analysed how the caricature pages of the newspapers that were published in the periods in question reflected the discourse and the ideology. Moreover it has been revealed whether the caricaturists proceed according to the ideology of the newspaper they were working for. In this study, the newspapers `Cumhuriyet?, `Güneş? ve `Tercüman? that belong all to the 1982 era and the newspapers `Cumhuriyet?, `Milliyet? ve `Zaman? which belong to the 2012 referendum era have been analyzed. In this study, along with the literature review, ?discourse analysis? and ?semiotics analysis? methods have been used. Key words: Referendum 2010, Constitution 1982, ideology, discourse, discourse analysis, semiotics, humour, caricature, relationship between media and politics.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
2010 referandumu, 1982 Anayasası, İdeoloji, Söylem, Söylem çözümlemesi, Göstergebilim, Mizah, Karikatür, Medya ve siyaset ilişkisi, Referendum 2010, The 1982 Constitution, Ideology, Discourse, Discourse analysis, Semiotics, Humour, Caricature, Relationship between media and politics
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Nisan. F. (2012). iyasal söylemin ve ideolojilerin gazete karikatürlerinde yeniden üretimi (örnek olay 1982 ve 2010 Anayasa Referandum süreci). Selçuk Üniversitesi,Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
