Milletlerarası unsurlu acente ilişkilerinden doğan kanunlar ihtilafı
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2012-12-21
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Milletlerarası ticarette, acenteler aracılığıyla yapılan ticarî işlemlerin önemli bir yeri vardır. Acenteler, tacirler ad ve hesabına sözleşme akdettikleri için, doğrudan temsil hükümleri doğmaktadır. Milletlerarası unsurlu acente ilişkisine uygulanacak hukuk ve bu statünün uygulama alanına giren meselelerin tespiti, kanunlar ihtilâfı hukukunda tartışmalı konulardan biridir. Bu çerçevede, acente ilişkisine uygulanacak hukuk, acente iç ve dış ilişkisi dikkate alınarak tespit edilmektedir. Acente iç ilişkisine uygulanacak hukuk, karşılaştırmalı hukukta ve Türk hukukunda akit statüsüne tâbi tutulmaktadır. Buna göre, acente ve temsil olunan, iç ilişkiye uygulanacak hukuku açıkça ya da zımnen serbestçe seçebilirler. Hukuk seçimi anlaşmasının yokluğunda ise, sözleşmeyle sıkı ilişkili hukuk esas alınır. Sözleşmeyle sıkı ilişkili hukukun tespitinde ise genellikle acentenin işyeri tercih edilmektedir. Acente dış ilişkisine uygulanacak hukuk ise, temsil statüsü olarak anılmaktadır. Buna göre, acente ilişkisinde temsil yetkisine uygulanacak hukuk bakımından, karşılaştırmalı hukukta ve Türk hukukunda, irade muhtariyeti reddedilmektedir. Ancak Avusturya hukuku, İspanyol hukuku ve La Haye Temsil Konvansiyonu'nda sınırlı hukuk seçimine imkân tanıyan düzenlemeler vardır. Milletlerarası acente ilişkisinin gereklerine uygun olarak, temsil olunanın seçtiği hukukun üçüncü kişi tarafından açıkça kabulü şartıyla böyle bir hukuk seçimi geçerli kabul edilebilmelidir. Acente dış ilişkisine uygulanacak hukukun, objektif kriterlere göre tespitinde ise, genellikle acentenin işyeri hukuku tercih edilmektedir. Ancak acentenin işyerinin olmaması ya da üçüncü kişinin bu işyerini bilmemesi hâllerinde, acentenin işyeri hukuku yerine temsil yetkisinin kullanıldığı yer hukukunun bu çerçevede ortaya çıkan ihtilâflara uygulanması kabul edilmektedir.
The business transactions are made through agents have important role in the international trade. The direct agency relationship occurs through the agent. Because the agent serves with continuing authority to conclude contract on behalf of and in the name of its? principal. The law applicable to agency relationship with foreign element and finding of it?s application area?s topics are controversial in conflict of laws. In this context, the law applicable to agency relationship is determined according to internal side and external side of this relationship. The internal agency relationship is normally founded on the agency contract and, as such, is governed by the general principles of private international law applying to the contracts in comparative law and Turkish law. According to this, principal and agent may choose expressly or impliedly the law applicable to the internal agency relationship between them. If principal and agent have failed to indicate the law governing, it becomes necessary to determine the law with which the agency contract is most closely connected. In general, this maybe the law of the country in which the agent has his place of business. The law applicable to external agency relationship is known as the agency statute. According to this, the party autonomy has not been adopted as regards the agency statute in comparative law and Turkish law. But there are some exceptional regulations which adopt the resticted party autonomy. For example, Austrian law, Spanish law and, The 1978 Hague Convention on The Law Applicable to Agency allow party autonomy which is resticted. So, the law applicable to external agency relationship may be chosen in accordance with international agency relationship as long as third party expressly adoptes the law principal choices. While the law applicable to external agency relationship is determined in respect of objective criterias, in general, the agent?s place of business is prefered in comparative law like Turkish law. Nonetheless if there is no agent?s place of business or, the third party couldn?t know this place, this matter is governed by the law of place in which the agent act.
The business transactions are made through agents have important role in the international trade. The direct agency relationship occurs through the agent. Because the agent serves with continuing authority to conclude contract on behalf of and in the name of its? principal. The law applicable to agency relationship with foreign element and finding of it?s application area?s topics are controversial in conflict of laws. In this context, the law applicable to agency relationship is determined according to internal side and external side of this relationship. The internal agency relationship is normally founded on the agency contract and, as such, is governed by the general principles of private international law applying to the contracts in comparative law and Turkish law. According to this, principal and agent may choose expressly or impliedly the law applicable to the internal agency relationship between them. If principal and agent have failed to indicate the law governing, it becomes necessary to determine the law with which the agency contract is most closely connected. In general, this maybe the law of the country in which the agent has his place of business. The law applicable to external agency relationship is known as the agency statute. According to this, the party autonomy has not been adopted as regards the agency statute in comparative law and Turkish law. But there are some exceptional regulations which adopt the resticted party autonomy. For example, Austrian law, Spanish law and, The 1978 Hague Convention on The Law Applicable to Agency allow party autonomy which is resticted. So, the law applicable to external agency relationship may be chosen in accordance with international agency relationship as long as third party expressly adoptes the law principal choices. While the law applicable to external agency relationship is determined in respect of objective criterias, in general, the agent?s place of business is prefered in comparative law like Turkish law. Nonetheless if there is no agent?s place of business or, the third party couldn?t know this place, this matter is governed by the law of place in which the agent act.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Acenteler, Agents, Hukuki uyuşmazlıklar, Legal disputes, Sözleşmeler, Contracts, Ticaret, Trade, Ticaret hukuku, Commercial law, Uluslararası hukuk, International law, Uluslararası uyuşmazlıklar, International disputes, Uyuşmazlık, Incompatibility, İş uyuşmazlıkları, Labour disagrement
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Güner, C. (2012). Milletlerarası unsurlu acente ilişkilerinden doğan kanunlar ihtilafı. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
