Türk Hukukunda kamu avukatlığı ve bağlı avukatlık
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Date
2010
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Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Kamu idareleri uyuşmazlıkların çözümü, hukuki işlerinin yürütülmesi, gerekli mütalaaların verilmesi gibi konularda avukatlık hizmetine ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Bu ihtiyaçlarını kurum içinde sürekli ulaşabilecekleri, kurum mevzuatına hâkim, emek ve mesaisini kurum için harcayan avukatlar yoluyla karşılamak bakımından, avukat istihdam etmektedirler. Bu avukatlara kamu avukatı denmekte olup, çeşitli personel rejimlerine tabi olarak çalışmaktadırlar. Kamu idareleri avukat unvanını elde etmiş kişileri sınav veya mülakat yoluyla belirleyip ya iş sözleşmesiyle ya da kadrolu veya sözleşmeli olarak istihdam etmektedirler. Kural olarak kamu idareleri kendi avukatlarını çalıştırırlar, ancak genel bütçeye tabi kuruluşların davaları Maliye Bakanlığı bünyesinde teşkilatlandırılan BAHUM Teşkilatına bağlı Hazine Avukatları tarafından yürütülür. Belirtmek gerekir ki, kamu idareleri bünyesinde idareyi hukuki konularda temsil yetkisine sahip, ancak avukat olma zorunluluğu bulunmayan hukuk müşavirleri de bulunmaktadır. Kamu avukatları baroya kayıt zorunlulukları bulunmayan, kamu idaresinde memur hiyerarşisine tabi olarak çalışan avukatlardır. Büro edinme zorunluluğunun bulunmaması, aylık sabit ve düzenli gelir, sağlık güvencesi ve emeklilik güvencesi genel olarak ülkemizde kamu avukatlığının tercih nedenleridir. Bağlı avukatlar İş Kanunu kapsamında çalışmaktadırlar. İşverenleri başka bir avukat ya da bir özel hukuk tüzel kişisidir. Bağlı avukatların serbest avukatlardan farkı bir işverene tabi olarak mesleklerini yürütmeleridir. Kamu avukatlığı ve bağlı avukatlık, avukatlık mesleğinin nitelikleriyle bağdaşmamakta, özellikle de bağımsızlık niteliğini ağır bir şekilde zedelemektedir. Hukuk öğrenimi sistemindeki aksaklıkların giderilmesi, daha sağlıklı staj eğitimi yapılması, avukatlık sınavının objektif kriterlere göre uygulanması, mümkünse belli geçiş sürecinden sonra avukatlıkta uzmanlaşma sınavları getirilmesi halinde gerek mesleki kalitenin artacağı, gerek kamuda çalışan avukatların, gerekse bağlı avukatların durumlarının düzeleceği düşünülmektedir.
Public Administrations need advocacy service about the matters as resolution of disputes, executing legal processes, providing requiring negotiations. Regarding to meet those needs continuously, they employ attorney who are always available in the institution, know well institution regulations, spend their effort and time for the institution. Those attorneys are called as public attorneys; they work dependently to various personel regimes. The public administrations determine the people who had lawyer title through examination or interviewing and then deploy them through either employment contract or on the permanent staff or work under contract. As a rule, public administrations deploy their own lawyers but the cases of institutions which depend to general budget are executed by treasury lawyers who are dependent to BAHUM Organization that is organized within Ministry of Finance. It must be stated that there are legal counsels who have representative authorization on behalf of public administration at the legal subjects but those legal counsels have not obligatory for being a lawyer. Public lawyers have no obligatory for bar registration; they work in public administration depending on civil servant hierarchy. Generally preferring reasons of public advocacy in our country are as follows: no having office obligatory, monthly fixed and regular income, health insurance and retirement guarantee. Dependent lawyers work at the scope of Labor Law Legislation. Their employers are either another lawyer or a private law entity. The difference of dependent lawyers from independent lawyers is their implementing their job depending on employer. Public advocacy and dependent advocacy conflict to qualifications of advocacy profession, especially it heavily harms independent qualification. Removing the malfunctions in the law education system, applying more healthy internship education, applying advocacy exams in accordance with objective criteria, it is considered that if it is possible after a determined transition time, at the case of expertise exams in the advocacy should be ordered so that vocational quality would increase and the situation of either public lawyers or dependant lawyers would be rehabilitated.
Public Administrations need advocacy service about the matters as resolution of disputes, executing legal processes, providing requiring negotiations. Regarding to meet those needs continuously, they employ attorney who are always available in the institution, know well institution regulations, spend their effort and time for the institution. Those attorneys are called as public attorneys; they work dependently to various personel regimes. The public administrations determine the people who had lawyer title through examination or interviewing and then deploy them through either employment contract or on the permanent staff or work under contract. As a rule, public administrations deploy their own lawyers but the cases of institutions which depend to general budget are executed by treasury lawyers who are dependent to BAHUM Organization that is organized within Ministry of Finance. It must be stated that there are legal counsels who have representative authorization on behalf of public administration at the legal subjects but those legal counsels have not obligatory for being a lawyer. Public lawyers have no obligatory for bar registration; they work in public administration depending on civil servant hierarchy. Generally preferring reasons of public advocacy in our country are as follows: no having office obligatory, monthly fixed and regular income, health insurance and retirement guarantee. Dependent lawyers work at the scope of Labor Law Legislation. Their employers are either another lawyer or a private law entity. The difference of dependent lawyers from independent lawyers is their implementing their job depending on employer. Public advocacy and dependent advocacy conflict to qualifications of advocacy profession, especially it heavily harms independent qualification. Removing the malfunctions in the law education system, applying more healthy internship education, applying advocacy exams in accordance with objective criteria, it is considered that if it is possible after a determined transition time, at the case of expertise exams in the advocacy should be ordered so that vocational quality would increase and the situation of either public lawyers or dependant lawyers would be rehabilitated.
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Avukatlık, Attorneyship, Kamu kuruluşları, Public institutions, Türk Hukuku, Turkish Law
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Ertürk, C. S. (2010). Türk Hukukunda kamu avukatlığı ve bağlı avukatlık. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Konya.
