Yeşil Sentez Yolu ile Betula Pendula Roth Yaprak Ekstresi Kullanılarak Sentezlenen Gümüş Nanopartiküllerinin MCF-7 Meme Kanseri Hücre Hattında Sitotoksik Etkisinin Araştırılması
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Nanoteknoloji son zamanlarda artan çalışmalar ve elde edilen avantajları göz önüne alındığında birçok
farklı alanda popüler hale gelmiştir. Nanoteknoloji ürünü olan nanopartiküller (NP) fiziksel, kimyasal ve
biyolojik yöntemler ile sentezlenebilmektedirler. Fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemler uzun süredir
kullanılmasına rağmen oldukça pahalı ve toksik etkileri fazla olan yöntemlerdir. Fiziksel ve kimyasal
yöntemlere ek olarak son zamanlarda oldukça ilgi gören ve çalışmaları gün geçtikçe artan yeşil sentez yolu
ile NP sentezi gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Yeşil sentez yolu oldukça çevre dostu, toksik etki yaratmayan,
ucuz, verimliliği daha fazla olan bir yöntemdir. Biyolojik yöntemlerle bitkilerden ve mikroorganizmalardan
metalik NP’lerin sentezi gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Gümüş geçmişten günümüze birçok alanda
antimikrobiyal ve dezenfektan olarak kullanılmakla birlikte gümüş nanopartiküllere (AgNP) son
zamanlarda ilgi daha da artmıştır. AgNP’ler tanı, tedavi, ilaç dağıtımı, tıbbi cihaz kaplaması ve kişisel sağlık
bakımı dâhil olmak üzere birçok biyomedikal uygulamada kullanımı yaygındır.
Meme kanseri kadınlarda en çok görülen kanser türüdür ve tedavi yöntemleri arasında kemoterapi,
radyoterapi, hormon terapisi ve cerrahi yöntemler olmasına rağmen, tedavide daha yüksek başarı oranları
ve hastaların yaşam kalitesinin arttırılması için yan etkisi daha düşük, etkinliği daha yüksek yeni tedavi
yöntemlerine hala ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada Betula pendula Roth (B.pendula Roth) bitki ekstresinden AgNP’leri sentezlenmiştir.
Sentezlenen AgNP’lerin karakterizasyonu UV-Vis, FT-IR, TEM, XRD, EDX ve DLS-ZETA ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen AgNP’lerin DLS analizinden ortalama boyutunun 109,02 nm olduğu
bulunmuştur. Sentezlenen AgNP’leri MCF-7 meme kanseri ve MCF-12A sağlıklı meme hücre hatlarına
24-48-72 saat muamele edilerek sitotoksik etkisi incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, kontrol grubu ile kıyas
yapıldığında konsantrasyon artışı ile hücre canlılığının azaldığı görülmüştür. AgNP’lerin MCF-7 hücre
hattına uygulanıldıktan sonra elde edilen IC50 Ortalama Öldürücü Doz değeri 24 saat için 112,500 μg/mL,
48 saat için 48,816 μg/mL, 72 saat için 30,971 μg/mL olarak belirlenmiştir. B.pendula Roth bitki
ekstraktının MCF-7 hücre hattına muamelesi sonucunda IC50 değeri 24 saat için; 0 μg/mL ve uygulanan
dozlar içerisinde sitotoksik dozu olmadığı tespit edilerek, sitotoksik dozunun 1000 μg/mL den daha fazla
olduğu görülmüştür, 48 saat için 580,027 μg/mL ve 72 saat için 321,578 μg/mL olarak elde edilmiştir.
MCF-7 hücre hattına uygulanan AgNP’leri ve bitki ekstresi karşılaştırıldığında AgNP’lerin daha fazla
sitotoksik etki gösterdiği gözlenmiştir.
MCF-12A sağlıklı meme hücrelerine uygulanan AgNP’lerin IC50 değerleri 24. saat için 211,247 μg/mL,
48. saat için 248,945 μg/mL ve 72. saat için 170,889 μg/mL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bitki ekstraktının MCF-12A hücre hattına muamelesi sonucunda elde edilen IC50 değerleri ise 24. saat için 420,914 μg/mL 48. saat
için 217,540 μg/mL 72. saat için 433,986 μg/mL hesaplanarak AgNP’lerin bitki ekstresine oranla MCF 12A sağlıklı meme hücresine karşı sitotoksik olduğu görülmüştür.
Elde edilen sonuçlara göre AgNP’lerin MCF-7 hücre hattına 24, 48 ve 72 saat muamelesi sonucunda 125
μg/mL konsantrasyonda önemli düzeyde sitotoksik etki gösterirken AgNP’lerin aynı konsantrasyonda
MCF-12A hücre hattına 24 ve 48 saat muamele edildikten sonra hücre canlılığının %100 olduğu fakat 72.
saat sonunda MCF-12A sağlıklı meme hücre canlılığının %30 olduğu elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın
sonucunda MCF-7 ve MCF-12A hücre hattına uygulanan AgNP’lerin en etkili doz aralığı 48 ve 72 saat
sonucunda 62,5 μg/mL konsantrasyonda MCF-7 kanser hücre hattına önemli düzeyde sitotoksik etki
sağlarken AgNP’lerin aynı konsantrasyonda MCF-12A sağlıklı meme hücre hattına 24, 48, 72 saat
sonucunda hiçbir sitotoksik etki göstermeyerek hücre canlılığı %100 olarak elde edilmiştir.
AgNP’lerin MCF-7 hücre hattına uygulanan bitki özütüne göre daha yüksek sitotoksik etkiye sahip
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmamız, B.pendula Roth ekstraktının AgNP'lerin biyosentezi ve
karakterizasyonu için kullanılabileceğini ve sentezlenen AgNP'lerin meme kanseri tedavisinde umut vaat
eden ve kemoterapiye alternatif veya destekleyici yan anti-kanser ajanı olma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu
göstermektedir.
Nanotechnology has recently become popular in many different fields, considering the increasing studies and the advantages obtained. Nanoparticles (NP), which are products of nanotechnology, can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological methods. Although physical and chemical methods have been used for a long time, they are quite expensive and have high toxic effects. In addition to physical and chemical methods, NP synthesis can be carried out by the green synthesis method, which has attracted a lot of attention recently and whose studies are increasing day by day. The green synthesis route is a very environmentally friendly, non-toxic, inexpensive, and more efficient method. The synthesis of metallic NPs from plants and microorganisms can be carried out by biological methods. Although silver has been used as an antimicrobial and disinfectant in many areas from past to present, interest in silver nanoparticles (AgNP) has been increasing recently. AgNPs are widely used in many biomedical applications, including diagnosis, therapy, drug delivery, medical device coating, and personal health care. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and although chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and surgical methods are among the treatment methods, there is still a need for new treatment methods with lower side effects and higher effectiveness in order to achieve higher success rates and improve the quality of life of patients. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized from the plant extract of Betula pendula Roth (B.pendula Roth). Characterization of synthesized AgNPs was performed with UV-Vis, FT-IR, TEM, XRD, EDX and DLS-ZETA. The average size of the DLS data result of the obtained AgNPs was found to be 109.02 nm. The cytotoxic effect of synthesized AgNPs was investigated by treating MCF-7 breast cancer and MCF-12A healthy breast cell lines for 24-48-72 hours. When the results obtained were compared with the control group, it was seen that the cell viability decreased with the increase in concentration. The IC50 Mean Lethal Dose obtained after the application of AgNPs to the MCF-7 cell line was determined as 112,500 µg/ml for 24 hours, 48,816 µg/ml for 48 hours, and 30,971 µg/ml for 72 hours. As a result of the treatment of B.pendula Roth plant extract to the MCF-7 cell line, the IC50 value for 24 hours; It was determined that there was no cytotoxic dose in 0 μg/ml and administered doses, and the cytotoxic dose was found to be more than 1000 μg/ml, 580.027 μg/ml for 48 hours and 321.578 μg/ml for 72 hours. When AgNPs applied to the MCF-7 cell line and the plant extract were compared, it was observed that AgNPs showed more cytotoxic effects. The IC50 values of AgNPs applied to MCF-12A healthy breast cells were calculated as 211.247 μg/ml for the 24th hour, 248.945 μg/ml for the 48th hour and 170.889 μg/ml for the 72nd hour. The IC50 values obtained as a result of the treatment of the plant extract with the MCF-12A cell line were calculated as 420,914 μg/ml for the 24th hour, 217,540 μg/ml for the 48th hour, and 433,986 μg/ml for the 72nd hour. Compared to the plant extract, AgNPs were found to be cytotoxic to MCF-12A healthy breast cells. According to the results obtained, AgNPs showed a significant cytotoxic effect at 125 μg/ml concentration as a result of treatment of MCF-7 cell line for 24, 48 and 72 hours. It was obtained that the MCF-12A healthy breast cell viability was 30% at the end of 72 hours. As a result of the study, the most effective dose range of AgNPs applied to MCF-7 and MCF-12A cell lines was 62.5 μg/ml at a concentration of 62.5 μg/ml at the end of 48 and 72 hours. At the end of 48, 72 hours, cell viability was obtained as 100% without any cytotoxic effect. It has been determined that AgNPs have higher cytotoxic effects than the plant extract applied to the MCF-7 cell line. In this study, we show that B.pendula Roth extract can be used for the biosynthesis and characterization of AgNPs and that the synthesized AgNPs have the potential to be a promising alternative or supportive side anti-cancer agent to chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer.
Nanotechnology has recently become popular in many different fields, considering the increasing studies and the advantages obtained. Nanoparticles (NP), which are products of nanotechnology, can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological methods. Although physical and chemical methods have been used for a long time, they are quite expensive and have high toxic effects. In addition to physical and chemical methods, NP synthesis can be carried out by the green synthesis method, which has attracted a lot of attention recently and whose studies are increasing day by day. The green synthesis route is a very environmentally friendly, non-toxic, inexpensive, and more efficient method. The synthesis of metallic NPs from plants and microorganisms can be carried out by biological methods. Although silver has been used as an antimicrobial and disinfectant in many areas from past to present, interest in silver nanoparticles (AgNP) has been increasing recently. AgNPs are widely used in many biomedical applications, including diagnosis, therapy, drug delivery, medical device coating, and personal health care. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and although chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and surgical methods are among the treatment methods, there is still a need for new treatment methods with lower side effects and higher effectiveness in order to achieve higher success rates and improve the quality of life of patients. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized from the plant extract of Betula pendula Roth (B.pendula Roth). Characterization of synthesized AgNPs was performed with UV-Vis, FT-IR, TEM, XRD, EDX and DLS-ZETA. The average size of the DLS data result of the obtained AgNPs was found to be 109.02 nm. The cytotoxic effect of synthesized AgNPs was investigated by treating MCF-7 breast cancer and MCF-12A healthy breast cell lines for 24-48-72 hours. When the results obtained were compared with the control group, it was seen that the cell viability decreased with the increase in concentration. The IC50 Mean Lethal Dose obtained after the application of AgNPs to the MCF-7 cell line was determined as 112,500 µg/ml for 24 hours, 48,816 µg/ml for 48 hours, and 30,971 µg/ml for 72 hours. As a result of the treatment of B.pendula Roth plant extract to the MCF-7 cell line, the IC50 value for 24 hours; It was determined that there was no cytotoxic dose in 0 μg/ml and administered doses, and the cytotoxic dose was found to be more than 1000 μg/ml, 580.027 μg/ml for 48 hours and 321.578 μg/ml for 72 hours. When AgNPs applied to the MCF-7 cell line and the plant extract were compared, it was observed that AgNPs showed more cytotoxic effects. The IC50 values of AgNPs applied to MCF-12A healthy breast cells were calculated as 211.247 μg/ml for the 24th hour, 248.945 μg/ml for the 48th hour and 170.889 μg/ml for the 72nd hour. The IC50 values obtained as a result of the treatment of the plant extract with the MCF-12A cell line were calculated as 420,914 μg/ml for the 24th hour, 217,540 μg/ml for the 48th hour, and 433,986 μg/ml for the 72nd hour. Compared to the plant extract, AgNPs were found to be cytotoxic to MCF-12A healthy breast cells. According to the results obtained, AgNPs showed a significant cytotoxic effect at 125 μg/ml concentration as a result of treatment of MCF-7 cell line for 24, 48 and 72 hours. It was obtained that the MCF-12A healthy breast cell viability was 30% at the end of 72 hours. As a result of the study, the most effective dose range of AgNPs applied to MCF-7 and MCF-12A cell lines was 62.5 μg/ml at a concentration of 62.5 μg/ml at the end of 48 and 72 hours. At the end of 48, 72 hours, cell viability was obtained as 100% without any cytotoxic effect. It has been determined that AgNPs have higher cytotoxic effects than the plant extract applied to the MCF-7 cell line. In this study, we show that B.pendula Roth extract can be used for the biosynthesis and characterization of AgNPs and that the synthesized AgNPs have the potential to be a promising alternative or supportive side anti-cancer agent to chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Betula pendula, Yeşil Sentez, Nanopartikül, MCF7, Sitotoksite, Betula Pendula Roth, Green Synthesis, Nanoparticles, Cytotoxicity
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Koçak, N., (2022). Yeşil Sentez Yolu ile Betula Pendula Roth Yaprak Ekstresi Kullanılarak Sentezlenen Gümüş Nanopartiküllerinin MCF-7 Meme Kanseri Hücre Hattında Sitotoksik Etkisinin Araştırılması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
