Parion Hristiyanlık Tarihine Yeni Bir Katkı: Parion Başpiskoposu Ioannes’in Kurşun Mührü
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeloji Bölümü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çalışmanın konusunu, 2009 yılında Parion’da bulunmuş, kentin başpiskoposu Ioannes’e ait bir Bizans kurşun mührü oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada sırasıyla; Parion’un Hristiyanlık dönemi, mührün kullanımı ve ikonografik özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca mührün ortaya çıktığı yapı hakkında, mührün kontekstindeki numismatik ve diğer arkeolojik veriler ışığında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Parion, deniz ticaretine uygun jeopolitik konuma ve iki adet doğal limana sahip olması sayesinde MÖ 8. yüzyıldan MS 14. yüzyıla kadar önemli bir liman ve ticaret kenti olarak kesintisiz yerleşim görmüştür. MÖ 8. yüzyılda bir Hellen kolonisi olarak kurulan Parion’a, Roma Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nin sonlarında, Iulius Caesar tarafından koloni statüsü verilmiştir. Bizans Dönemi’nde ise kent, Hristiyanlık inancının güçlü bir şekilde temsil edildiği bölge içerisinde önemli bir piskoposluk merkezi olmuştur. MS 4. yüzyılın başlarında piskoposluk merkezi olan Parion, MS 640 yılında başpiskoposluk merkezi statüsüne yükselmiş ve bu statüsünü MS 13. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar korumuştur. Yaklaşık bin yıla yakın bir zaman piskoposluk merkezi konumuna sahip olan Parion kentine görevlendirilen piskoposlarla ilgili veriler oldukça yetersizdir. Parion’da görev yapan piskoposlarla ilgili üç adet modern çalışmada toplam 21 piskoposun adı belirlenmiş olmasına rağmen, Başpiskopos Ioannes’in adı üç çalışmada da geçmemektedir. Ancak Başpiskopos Ioannes’in MS 1072 yılında Parion’da görev yaptığı bilgisinin piskoposluk listelerinde mevcut olduğu, yapılan synod listeleri taramaları sonucunda anlaşılmıştır. Parion piskopos mühürleriyle ilgili veriler de oldukça yetersiz olup yalnızca dört örnek yayımlanmıştır; MS 9. yüzyılda piskoposluk yapmış Euthymios’a ait mühür, MS 11. yüzyıl piskoposu Konstantinos’a ait mühür, muhtemelen MS 11.-12. yüzyılda görev yapmış fakat üzerinde piskoposun adı yazmayan bir mühür ve MS 12. yüzyıl piskoposu Niketas’a ait müzayede kataloglarında yer alan bir mühür. Parion antik kenti uzun süre piskoposluk merkezi olmasına ve birçok piskoposun görev yapmasına rağmen, kente ait piskopos mühürleri ile ilgili çalışmaların yetersiz olması nedeniyle yapılacak her bilimsel yayın, Anadolu sigillografi çalışmalarına katkı sunacaktır. Bu çalışma kapsamında ele alınan ve çok tanınmayan bir Parion Başpiskoposu Ioannes’e ait mühür ise hem Parion’un Bizans Dönemi hem de sigillografi çalışmaları açısından oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir.
The subject of the study is a Byzantine lead seal belonging to Ioannes, the archbishop of the city, which was found in Parion in 2009. The study deals with Parion’s Christian era, the function of the seal and its iconographic features, respectively. Additionally, evaluations were made about the structure in which the seal appeared in the light of numismatic and other archaeological data in the seal’s context. Thanks to its geopolitical location suitable for maritime trade and its two natural harbors, Parion was inhabited continuously as an important port and commercial city from the 8th century BC to the 14th century AD. Founded as a Greek colony in the 8th century BC, Parion was granted colony status by Iulius Caesar at the end of the Roman Republic Period. During the Byzantine Era, it was a significant episcopacy center within the region where the Christian faith was strongly represented. Parion, which was the episcopacy center at the beginning of the 4th century AD, was elevated to the status of an archbishopric center in AD 640 and maintained this status until the end of the 13th century AD. The data on bishops assigned to the city of Parion, which has been episcopacy center for nearly a thousand years, is rather insufficient. Despite the fact that three modern studies on the bishops serving in Parion have identified the names of a total of 21 bishops, none of the three studies mention Archbishop Ioannes. The information that Archbishop Ioannes served in Parion in 1072 AD was understood after scanning the synod lists that were included in the episcopal lists. The data on Parion episcopal seals are also quite insufficient and only four examples have been published; seal belonging to Euthymios, who was bishop in the 9th century AD, seal belonging to Constantine, the bishop of the 11th century AD, a seal that probably served in the 11th-12th century AD but without the bishop’s name on it, and seal belonging to the 12th century AD bishop Nicetas, in auction catalogues. Despite the fact that the ancient city of Parion has been the episcopacy center for a long time and many bishops have been assigned, every scientific study will contribute to the study of Anatolian sigillography because studies on the city’s bishop seals are insufficient. The seal of Ioannes, the Archbishop of Parion, which is studied within the scope of this study and is not well known, holds a significant place in both Byzantine Period of Parion and sigillography studies.
The subject of the study is a Byzantine lead seal belonging to Ioannes, the archbishop of the city, which was found in Parion in 2009. The study deals with Parion’s Christian era, the function of the seal and its iconographic features, respectively. Additionally, evaluations were made about the structure in which the seal appeared in the light of numismatic and other archaeological data in the seal’s context. Thanks to its geopolitical location suitable for maritime trade and its two natural harbors, Parion was inhabited continuously as an important port and commercial city from the 8th century BC to the 14th century AD. Founded as a Greek colony in the 8th century BC, Parion was granted colony status by Iulius Caesar at the end of the Roman Republic Period. During the Byzantine Era, it was a significant episcopacy center within the region where the Christian faith was strongly represented. Parion, which was the episcopacy center at the beginning of the 4th century AD, was elevated to the status of an archbishopric center in AD 640 and maintained this status until the end of the 13th century AD. The data on bishops assigned to the city of Parion, which has been episcopacy center for nearly a thousand years, is rather insufficient. Despite the fact that three modern studies on the bishops serving in Parion have identified the names of a total of 21 bishops, none of the three studies mention Archbishop Ioannes. The information that Archbishop Ioannes served in Parion in 1072 AD was understood after scanning the synod lists that were included in the episcopal lists. The data on Parion episcopal seals are also quite insufficient and only four examples have been published; seal belonging to Euthymios, who was bishop in the 9th century AD, seal belonging to Constantine, the bishop of the 11th century AD, a seal that probably served in the 11th-12th century AD but without the bishop’s name on it, and seal belonging to the 12th century AD bishop Nicetas, in auction catalogues. Despite the fact that the ancient city of Parion has been the episcopacy center for a long time and many bishops have been assigned, every scientific study will contribute to the study of Anatolian sigillography because studies on the city’s bishop seals are insufficient. The seal of Ioannes, the Archbishop of Parion, which is studied within the scope of this study and is not well known, holds a significant place in both Byzantine Period of Parion and sigillography studies.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Parion, Piskopos, Bizans, Kurşun Mühür, Sigillografi, Ioannes, Bishop, Byzantine, Lead Seal, Sigillography
Kaynak
Arkhaia Anatolika: Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
5
Künye
Oyarçin, K. (2022). Parion Hristiyanlık Tarihine Yeni Bir Katkı: Parion Başpiskoposu Ioannes’in Kurşun Mührü. Arkhaia Anatolika: Anadolu Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları Dergisi, (5), 84-93. DOI: 10.32949/Arkhaia.2022.45
