Plastik atıkların pirolizi ve bazı piroliz ürünlerinin modifikasyonu
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Günümüzde çeşitli karbon içerikli atık materyallerden alternatif çevre dostu sıvı yakıt üretimine olan ilgi sürekli olarak artmaktadır. Bu çerçevede özellikle çevre açısından dezavantajlı yönlere sahip olan yüksek karbon içerikli ömrünü tamamlamış lastik (ÖTL) materyalleri, termokimyasal dönüşüm yöntemi olan piroliz teknolojisi ile başarılı bir şekilde katı (char, charcoal), sıvı (pirolitik sıvı, pirolitik yağ) ve gaz (pirolitik gaz) gibi yüksek enerji içerikli birincil ürünlere başarılı bir şekilde dönüştürülebilmektedir. Bu belirtilen hususlar ışığında söz konusu çalışmada; öncelikle öğütülmüş ömrünü tamamlamış atık lastik materyali (ÖTL), sabit yataklı bir piroliz sisteminde en yüksek sıvı ürün verimi bakımından optimal şartları (piroliz çalışma sıcaklığı ve ısıtma hızı) belirlemek amacıyla 300-800oC sıcaklık aralıklarında ve 10 ve 20oC/dak ısıtma hızı şartlarında bir dizi piroliz çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Söz konusu çalışma için 550oC ve 20oC/dak optimal değerler olarak belirlenmiştir. Pirolitik sıvı karakterizasyonu çalışmaları neticesinde %47 (kütlece) verimli optimal ürünün, C5-C36 arası karbon sayılı çok sayıda önemli organik bileşiğin kompleks bir karışımı olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca ürünün C6-C8, C10 ve C26 karbon sayılı organik bileşiklerce de zengin içerikli sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pirolitik yağın modifikasyonu için kütlece %2, %4 ve % 6 oranlarında CaO katalizörü eşliğinde optimal şartlarda katalitik piroliz çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen katalitik ve katalitik olmayan pirolitik yağların, 30-220oC kaynama noktası aralıklı benzin benzeri yakıt fraksiyonu (BBY) ve 150-350oC kaynama noktası aralıklı dizel benzeri yakıt fraksiyonu (DBY) üzerinde gerçekleştirilen çeşitli fiziko-kimyasal karakterizasyon çalışmaları neticesinde en uygun katalizör katkı oranı %2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Desülfirizasyon işlemiyle yaklaşık %66 oranında kükürtü düşürülmüş optimal katalitik BBY ve DBY yakıt destilat fraksiyonlarının C5-C26 karbon sayılı bileşik içeriğe sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, DBY fraksiyonunun kaynama noktası dağılım eğrisinin, ticari dizel yakıtınki ile büyük oranda benzeşim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yakıtsal açıdan önemli olan parametreler (kinematik viskozite, yoğunluk, ısıl değer vb.) açısından da ticari dizel standardı ile büyük oranda uyumluluk içinde olduğu görülmüştür. Dizel yakıtı yerine doğrudan ya da katkı olarak kullanılabilirlik yönünün test edilmesi amacıyla DBY ayrıca dizel motor performans testine tabi tutulmuştur. Netice olarak, hem karakterizasyon sonuçları hem de motor performans test sonuçları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, atık lastik pirolizi sıvı ürün fraksiyonu DBY'nin dizel yakıt katkısı ya da gerekli ileri iyileştirme işlemleri sonucunda doğrudan dizel yakıtı olarak kullanılabilirlik özelliğinde olduğu görülmüştür.
Today, interest in the production of alternative environmentally friendly liquid fuels from various carbon-containing waste materials is constantly increasing. In this context, end-of-life tire (ÖTL) materials with high carbon content, which have especially disadvantageous aspects in terms of the environment, can be successfully used with solid (char, charcoal), liquid (pyrolytic liquid, pyrolytic oil) and gas (pyrolytic gas) technology, which is a thermochemical conversion method. ) can be successfully converted into primary products with high energy content. In the light of these mentioned points, in the said study; First of all, the milled end-of-life tire material (ÖTL) was analyzed at a temperature range of 300-800oC and a heating rate of 10 and 20oC/min in order to determine the optimal conditions (pyrolysis operating temperature and heating rate) for the highest liquid product yield in a fixed bed pyrolysis system. A series of pyrolysis studies were carried out. 550oC and 20oC/min were determined as optimal values for the said study. As a result of the pyrolytic liquid characterization studies, it has been seen that the optimal product with an efficiency of 47% (by mass) is a complex mixture of many important organic compounds with carbon numbers between C5-C36. In addition, it was determined that the product was rich in organic compounds with carbon numbers C6-C8, C10 and C26. For the modification of the pyrolytic oil, catalytic pyrolysis studies were carried out under optimal conditions in the presence of 2%, 4% and 6% by mass CaO catalyst. As a result of various physico-chemical characterization studies of the obtained catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolytic oils on gasoline-like fuel fraction (BBY) with 30-220oC boiling point range and diesel-like fuel fraction (DBY) with 150-350oC boiling point range, the most suitable catalyst additive ratio It was determined as 2%. It was determined that the optimal catalytic BBY and DBY fuel distillate fractions, which were reduced by approximately 66% sulfur by the desulfurization process, had a compound content of C5-C26 carbon number. On the other hand, it was determined that the boiling point distribution curve of the DBY fraction closely resembled that of commercial diesel fuel. In addition, it has been observed that it is in great agreement with the commercial diesel standard in terms of parameters (kinematic viscosity, density, calorific value, etc.), which are important in terms of fuel. DBY was also subjected to diesel engine performance testing in order to test its usability as a direct substitute for diesel fuel or as an additive. As a result, considering both the characterization results and the engine performance test results, it has been seen that the waste tire pyrolysis liquid product fraction DBY can be used directly as diesel fuel as a result of diesel fuel additive or necessary further improvement processes.
Today, interest in the production of alternative environmentally friendly liquid fuels from various carbon-containing waste materials is constantly increasing. In this context, end-of-life tire (ÖTL) materials with high carbon content, which have especially disadvantageous aspects in terms of the environment, can be successfully used with solid (char, charcoal), liquid (pyrolytic liquid, pyrolytic oil) and gas (pyrolytic gas) technology, which is a thermochemical conversion method. ) can be successfully converted into primary products with high energy content. In the light of these mentioned points, in the said study; First of all, the milled end-of-life tire material (ÖTL) was analyzed at a temperature range of 300-800oC and a heating rate of 10 and 20oC/min in order to determine the optimal conditions (pyrolysis operating temperature and heating rate) for the highest liquid product yield in a fixed bed pyrolysis system. A series of pyrolysis studies were carried out. 550oC and 20oC/min were determined as optimal values for the said study. As a result of the pyrolytic liquid characterization studies, it has been seen that the optimal product with an efficiency of 47% (by mass) is a complex mixture of many important organic compounds with carbon numbers between C5-C36. In addition, it was determined that the product was rich in organic compounds with carbon numbers C6-C8, C10 and C26. For the modification of the pyrolytic oil, catalytic pyrolysis studies were carried out under optimal conditions in the presence of 2%, 4% and 6% by mass CaO catalyst. As a result of various physico-chemical characterization studies of the obtained catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolytic oils on gasoline-like fuel fraction (BBY) with 30-220oC boiling point range and diesel-like fuel fraction (DBY) with 150-350oC boiling point range, the most suitable catalyst additive ratio It was determined as 2%. It was determined that the optimal catalytic BBY and DBY fuel distillate fractions, which were reduced by approximately 66% sulfur by the desulfurization process, had a compound content of C5-C26 carbon number. On the other hand, it was determined that the boiling point distribution curve of the DBY fraction closely resembled that of commercial diesel fuel. In addition, it has been observed that it is in great agreement with the commercial diesel standard in terms of parameters (kinematic viscosity, density, calorific value, etc.), which are important in terms of fuel. DBY was also subjected to diesel engine performance testing in order to test its usability as a direct substitute for diesel fuel or as an additive. As a result, considering both the characterization results and the engine performance test results, it has been seen that the waste tire pyrolysis liquid product fraction DBY can be used directly as diesel fuel as a result of diesel fuel additive or necessary further improvement processes.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Atık Lastik, Yakıt, Piroliz, Enerji, Dizel Yakıtı, Waste Tire, Fuel, Pyrolysis, Energy, Diesel Fuel
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Demir, C. (2023). Plastik atıkların pirolizi ve bazı piroliz ürünlerinin modifikasyonu. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
