Köpeklerin sindirim sistemi lezyonları üzerine patolojik ve mikrobiyolojik incelemeler
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2010
Yazarlar
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma, köpeklerin sindirim sistemi kanalında oluşan patolojik değişiklikleri inceleyerek yaygınlığını tespit etmek, makroskobik ve mikroskobik tanımlamalarını yapmak ve ölüm sebebi olmaları veya ölüme yol açabilecek sekonder hastalıkların çıkışını kolaylaştırmaları yönündeki rollerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmada, 1 haftalıktan 9,5 yaşa kadar olan değişik ırktan 100 köpek kullanıldı. Patolojik ve immunohistokimyasal incelemeler için tüm sindirim kanalı organları ve beyincik ile mikrobiyolojik incelemeler için de bağırsak parçaları alındı. Makroskobik muayenede gözlenen parazitlerin de cins ve türleri belirlendi. Histopatolojik incelemelerde incelenen tüm organlardaki lezyonlar hafif, orta ve şiddetli derecelerde olmak üzere ayrı ayrı skorlandı. Çalışmada kaydedilen makroskobik bulguların, tüm gastrointestinal sistem enfeksiyonlarında görülen genel bulgular olduğu görüldü. Dilde fokal, ortası grimsi-kırmızı ve beyaz renkte erozyonlar, özofagusta hiperemi ve kanama, midede hiperemi, kanama, mukozada kalınlaşma ile 3 köpekte yabancı cisim ve 5 köpekte parazit, ince ve kalın bağırsaklarda hiperemi, kanlı eksudat, ülser, 36 köpekte parazit, 14 köpekte invaginasyon ve 2 köpekte yabancı cisim belirlendi. Mikroskobik olarak epitellerde dejenerasyon, nekroz ve deskuamasyon, bakteri kolonileri, propriyada hiperemi, kanama, fibrozis, kriptlerde dejenerasyon ve deskuamasyon, dilatasyon, hiperplazi, lenfoid dokuda boşalma gibi histopatolojik bulgular gözlendi ve her birinin şiddeti skorlandı. İmmunohistokimyasal boyamalarda 100 köpeğin 90'nında Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) ve 24'ü bunlarla birlikte olmak üzere 27'sinde Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) pozitif reaksiyon tespit edildi. Mikrobiyolojik ve parazitolojik incelemeler sonucunda köpeklerin 7'sinde Campylobacter spp., 47'sinde E. coli, 41'inde Enterococcus spp., 1'inde Streptococcus spp., 24'ünde Askarid, 5'inde Dipylidium caninum, 10'unda Taenia spp. enfeksiyonu ile 1'inde Giardiozis belirlendi. Patolojik anatomik olarak köpeklerin 10'unda özofagitis, 11'inde akut gastritis, 17'sinde kronik gastritis, 1'inde eozinofilik gastroenteritis, 29'unda akut enteritis, 51'inde kronik enteritis, 15'inde lenfositik ve plazmasitik enteritis, 5'inde akut kolitis, 10'unda kronik kolitis, 20'sinde idiopatik mukozal kolitis ve 6'sında diffuz kolitis tespit edildi. Böylece köpeklerde, başta Parvoviral enteritis olmak üzere sindirim kanalı hastalıkları ve lezyonlarının birinci derecede ölüm sebebi olduğu ortaya konuldu. Araştırmada genelde miks enfeksiyonların görüldüğü, sekonder etkenlerin enfeksiyona katılma dönemlerine göre lezyonların arttığı veya primer lezyonların maskelendiği dikkati çekti. Parvoviral enteritis ve Distemper hastalığında sekonder etkenler nedeniyle patolojik bulgularla teşhiste zorlanıldığı, bu tür enfeksiyonlarda etkenlerin dokulardaki varlığının ortaya konulmasını sağlayan immunohistokimya boyama gibi tekniklerin kullanılmasının gerektiği ve ayrıca hayvan barınaklarında rutin olarak kombine aşıların yapılmasının prevalansı azaltmada yararlı olabileceği kanısına varıldı.
This study was carried out to determine pathological changes, the incidence and macroscopic and microscopic definition of these lesions in the alimentary tract of dogs. It was also examined whether they were cause of the death or not or they could lead to happen secondary diseases. The study was performed on a total of 100 dogs of various breeds aging from 1 week to 9,5 years. Samples were taken from all gastrointestinal tract organs and cerebellum for pathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Also, in order to perform microbiological and parasitological investigations, organ samples and parasites observed in macroscopical examination were collected from intestinal parts. In histopathological examinations, lesions in the studied organs were scored in detail as mild, moderate and severe degrees. Macroscopic findings recorded in the study were found to be general findings of the infections of the gastrointestinal system including focal, grayish-red and white erosions in tongue; hyperemia and hemorrhage in the esophagus; hyperemia, bleeding, mucosal thickening, foreign bodies (in 3 dogs) and parasites (in 5 dogs) in stomach; hyperemia, bloody exudates, ulcers, parasites (in 36 dogs), invagination (in 14 dogs) and foreign bodies (in 2 dogs) in small and large intestines. Microscopically, severe histopathological findings such as bacterial colonies, degeneration, desquamation and necrosis in the epithelium, hyperemia, hemorrhage, fibrosis in propria, also degeneration and desquamation, dilatation, hyperplasia in crypts and depletion in lymphoid tissue were observed and scored each one. In immunohistochemistry staining of 100 dogs, the positive reactions were observed for Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) in 90, Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) in 27 and both of those together in 24 dogs. In microbiological and parasitological investigations Campylobacter spp. in 7 cases, E. coli in 47 cases, Enterococcus spp. in 41 cases, Streptococcus spp. in 1 case, Ascarid in 24 cases, Dipylidium caninum in 5 cases, Taenia spp. infection in 10 cases and Giardiosis in 1 case were seen. In pathological-anatomical diagnosis; esophagitis in 10 cases, acute gastritis in 11 cases, chronic gastritis in 17 cases, eosinophilic gastroenteritis in 1 case, acute enteritis in 29 cases, chronic enteritis in 51 cases, lymphocytic and plasmacytic enteritis in 15 cases, acute colitis in 5 cases, chronic colitis in 10 cases, idiopathic mucosal colitis in 20 cases and diffuse colitis in 6 cases were identified. Thus, these findings suggested that primarily Parvoviral enteritis but also other lesions and diseases in the gastrointestinal tract were found to be the primary cause of death in dogs. This study indicated that mix infections and lesions were generally observed. Based on the participation of secondary agents, the lesions were become more severe and/or primary lesions might be masked. It was concluded that the diagnoses only with pathological findings in Parvoviral enteritis and Distemper diseases was difficult in mix infections because of secondary agents. Therefore, the use of immunohistochemistry staining method was needed in these cases. Additionally, the application of combined vaccines routinely in the animal shelters is recommended to reduce the prevalence of such contagiose diseases.
This study was carried out to determine pathological changes, the incidence and macroscopic and microscopic definition of these lesions in the alimentary tract of dogs. It was also examined whether they were cause of the death or not or they could lead to happen secondary diseases. The study was performed on a total of 100 dogs of various breeds aging from 1 week to 9,5 years. Samples were taken from all gastrointestinal tract organs and cerebellum for pathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Also, in order to perform microbiological and parasitological investigations, organ samples and parasites observed in macroscopical examination were collected from intestinal parts. In histopathological examinations, lesions in the studied organs were scored in detail as mild, moderate and severe degrees. Macroscopic findings recorded in the study were found to be general findings of the infections of the gastrointestinal system including focal, grayish-red and white erosions in tongue; hyperemia and hemorrhage in the esophagus; hyperemia, bleeding, mucosal thickening, foreign bodies (in 3 dogs) and parasites (in 5 dogs) in stomach; hyperemia, bloody exudates, ulcers, parasites (in 36 dogs), invagination (in 14 dogs) and foreign bodies (in 2 dogs) in small and large intestines. Microscopically, severe histopathological findings such as bacterial colonies, degeneration, desquamation and necrosis in the epithelium, hyperemia, hemorrhage, fibrosis in propria, also degeneration and desquamation, dilatation, hyperplasia in crypts and depletion in lymphoid tissue were observed and scored each one. In immunohistochemistry staining of 100 dogs, the positive reactions were observed for Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) in 90, Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) in 27 and both of those together in 24 dogs. In microbiological and parasitological investigations Campylobacter spp. in 7 cases, E. coli in 47 cases, Enterococcus spp. in 41 cases, Streptococcus spp. in 1 case, Ascarid in 24 cases, Dipylidium caninum in 5 cases, Taenia spp. infection in 10 cases and Giardiosis in 1 case were seen. In pathological-anatomical diagnosis; esophagitis in 10 cases, acute gastritis in 11 cases, chronic gastritis in 17 cases, eosinophilic gastroenteritis in 1 case, acute enteritis in 29 cases, chronic enteritis in 51 cases, lymphocytic and plasmacytic enteritis in 15 cases, acute colitis in 5 cases, chronic colitis in 10 cases, idiopathic mucosal colitis in 20 cases and diffuse colitis in 6 cases were identified. Thus, these findings suggested that primarily Parvoviral enteritis but also other lesions and diseases in the gastrointestinal tract were found to be the primary cause of death in dogs. This study indicated that mix infections and lesions were generally observed. Based on the participation of secondary agents, the lesions were become more severe and/or primary lesions might be masked. It was concluded that the diagnoses only with pathological findings in Parvoviral enteritis and Distemper diseases was difficult in mix infections because of secondary agents. Therefore, the use of immunohistochemistry staining method was needed in these cases. Additionally, the application of combined vaccines routinely in the animal shelters is recommended to reduce the prevalence of such contagiose diseases.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Digestive system diseases, Sindirim sistemi hastalıkları, Digestive system, Sindirim sistemi, Pathology, Patoloji, Microbiology, Mikrobiyoloji, Dogs, Köpekler, Animal diseases, Hayvan hastalıkları, Alimentary system, Sindirim sistemi
Kaynak
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Künye
Kanat, Ö. (2010). Köpeklerin sindirim sistemi lezyonları üzerine patolojik ve mikrobiyolojik incelemeler. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
