Temettüat Defterlerine göre 19.yy'da Sivas'ın sosyo-ekonomik yapısı
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2008
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma XIX. yüzyılın ortalarında Sivas Eyaleti'nin merkezinin(Sivas Kazası) Sosyoekonomik durumunu ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaca ulaşmada 1845 yılı Temettüat Defterleri'nin tamamını temel olarak almaktadır. Sivas tarih boyunca önemini korumuştur. Gerek Roma döneminde gerekse Selçuklu döneminde önemli bir merkezdir. Osmanlı döneminde ise eyalet merkezi olmuştur. Sivas 1845 yılı Temettüat Defterleri kayıtlarına göre çoğunlukla Türk, Ermeni, Rum ve Kıpti nüfusuna sahiptir. Bu unsurların Müslüman ve Hıristiyan oldukları bilinmektedir. Mesleklerinden Müslüman ve Hıristiyan din adamı oldukları anlaşılan kimseler kayıtlıdır. Sivas'ta ikamet edenlerden yetişkin erkeklerin esnaf, zanaatkâr veya çiftçi oldukları, çocukların ise çıraklığa verildikleri ve ücretleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gayrimüslimlerin tamamının zanaatkâr veya esnaf oldukları, çiftçilik ve hayvancılık ile uğraşanların yok denecek kadar az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Askerlikle alakalı olanların tamamı Müslümandır. Ziraat ile uğraşanların çoğu aynı zamanda arabacılık yapmaktadır. Çiftçilik yapanlar daha çok buğday, arpa, fiğ ekmektedir. Sadece Gökçe Bostan Mahallesi'nde ikamet eden bazı çiftçilerin bu ürünlerin yanı sıra, tütün, afyon, susam ve börülce de ektikleri tespit edilmiştir. Temettüat Defterleri'nde bir önceki yıla ait vergi kayıtları mevcuttur. Büyük çoğunlukla bu vergi ?Vergiyi Mahsûsa? olarak belirtilmiş, nadiren aşar vergisi gösterilmiştir. Gayrimüslimler için cizye kayıtları büyük çoğunlukla mevcuttur. Yine çoğunluğunda verginin miktarı belirtilmişken, bazı mahallelerde de cizyenin ait olduğu kategori belirtilmiştir. Gayrimüslimlerden alınan cizye 3 gruba ayrılmıştır: Durumu iyi olanlar (âlâ), durumu orta olanlar (evsat) ve ekonomik durumu düşük olanlar (ednâ) olarak gruplandırılmışlardır. Gayrimüslimlerin ekonomik durumlarının Müslümanlardan daha iyi olduğu ortalama hane başı gelirlerinden anlaşılmaktadır.Ayrıca tımarlı zaptiyeler istisna edildiğinde gelir durumunda Müslümanlar aleyhine büyük bir fark ortaya çıkmaktadır.
This study aims to bring out the situationof the socio economic structure of the Central Sivasprovince in the mids of the 19 th Century. To reach this aim, the study is based on the entire Temettüat Notebooks, which was written in 1845. Sivas has been preserving its importance since history. It was an important center both in Roman and in Seljuk period. It was also the center of the province in Otoman Period. According to the records of Temettüat Notebooks, in 1845. Sivas had mainly the population of Turkish, Armenian,Grek and Copt. It has been known that these elements were Muslims and Christians. There were also some people, who were known to be Muslim and Christian religious men, registered in the Notebook. It was discovered that the adult men living in Sivas were tradesmen, craftsmen or farmers, and the children were apprentice, who took salaries. On the other hand all the nonmulim adult population were the craftsmen and tradesmen. There were only a few of them who were dealing with farming and stockbreeding. All the people who were relatedto the soldiership were Muslims. People dealing with agriculture were also dealing with carting. Farmers mostly dug wheat, barley and fiğ (a kind of plant which is used to feed animals). People living in Gökçebostan district were also interested in digging tobacco, opium, sesame and kidney bean apart from those products. Temettüat Notebooks include the tax registration about the previous years. The tax was mostly called as `Vergiyi Mahsusa? but the term, `Aşar tax? was hardly used. In the Notebooks there are Cizye registrations ( another kind of tax taken from nonMuslims). In most of the registrations the amount of the tax was made clear, and in some of the districts the category was pointed out, whichcizye belonged to. Cizye, which was taken from the nonMuslims was seperated into three groups: Taxes taken from the people who were in good ( ala ), moderate (evsat ) and bad ( edna ) conditions. It is understood that the economic situation of nonMuslims was beter than Musl,ms, when looking at the income of each house, And also when excluding the groomed gendarme, it can be realized that there is a big diversity in opposition to Muslims about the income.
This study aims to bring out the situationof the socio economic structure of the Central Sivasprovince in the mids of the 19 th Century. To reach this aim, the study is based on the entire Temettüat Notebooks, which was written in 1845. Sivas has been preserving its importance since history. It was an important center both in Roman and in Seljuk period. It was also the center of the province in Otoman Period. According to the records of Temettüat Notebooks, in 1845. Sivas had mainly the population of Turkish, Armenian,Grek and Copt. It has been known that these elements were Muslims and Christians. There were also some people, who were known to be Muslim and Christian religious men, registered in the Notebook. It was discovered that the adult men living in Sivas were tradesmen, craftsmen or farmers, and the children were apprentice, who took salaries. On the other hand all the nonmulim adult population were the craftsmen and tradesmen. There were only a few of them who were dealing with farming and stockbreeding. All the people who were relatedto the soldiership were Muslims. People dealing with agriculture were also dealing with carting. Farmers mostly dug wheat, barley and fiğ (a kind of plant which is used to feed animals). People living in Gökçebostan district were also interested in digging tobacco, opium, sesame and kidney bean apart from those products. Temettüat Notebooks include the tax registration about the previous years. The tax was mostly called as `Vergiyi Mahsusa? but the term, `Aşar tax? was hardly used. In the Notebooks there are Cizye registrations ( another kind of tax taken from nonMuslims). In most of the registrations the amount of the tax was made clear, and in some of the districts the category was pointed out, whichcizye belonged to. Cizye, which was taken from the nonMuslims was seperated into three groups: Taxes taken from the people who were in good ( ala ), moderate (evsat ) and bad ( edna ) conditions. It is understood that the economic situation of nonMuslims was beter than Musl,ms, when looking at the income of each house, And also when excluding the groomed gendarme, it can be realized that there is a big diversity in opposition to Muslims about the income.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
19. Yüzyıl, 19. Century, Ekonomi tarihi, Economic history, Sivas, Temettuat Defterleri, Temettuat Registers
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Zabun, S. (2008). Temettüat Defterlerine göre 19.yy'da Sivas'ın sosyo-ekonomik yapısı. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
