Bir dış politika stratejisi olarak yumuşak dengelemeyi Türk dış politikası üzerinde test etmek
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Date
2019
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Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Devletlerin dış politikadaki amaç ve hedefleri Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinin köklü tartışmalarından biridir. Dış politika hedef ve amaçlarının başarısı için önemli olan ise Devletlerin hangi dış politika stratejisini takip ettikleridir. Realist yaklaşıma göre devletlerin temel amacı ulusal çıkarlarını maksimize etmektir ve bunun için izledikleri strateji de dengelemedir. Dengeleme genel olarak güçlü ya da tehdit olarak algılanan güce karşı güçsüz olan devletin hayatta kalabilmek için başvurduğu bir stratejidir. Güçlü olan devlet bir dengeleme ihtiyacına gerek duymazken ikincil güçler ya da küçük güçler ulusal çıkarlarını gözetebilmek için egemen gücü dengeleme arayışına başvurabilirler. Ancak dengeleme stratejisinin daha maliyetli olacağı gerçeği kimi zaman ikincil ya da küçük güçleri egemen gücün peşine takılma stratejisine yönlendirebilir. Buradaki motivasyon ise zayıf olan devletin güç dengesi açısından güçlü olana yanaşması, ittifaka katılması olarak karşımıza çıkar. Fakat maliyeti daha yüksek olarak hesaplansa da dengeleme stratejisi devletlerin en sık başvurduğu strateji olarak karşımıza çıkmaya devam ederken dengeleme açısından önemli bir tartışma Soğuk Savaş'ın sona ermesi ile karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu da farklı dengeleme türlerinin varlığıdır. Dengeleme türleri açısından kendisine en çok alan bulan strateji ise "yumuşak dengeleme (soft balancing)"dir. Yumuşak dengeleme stratejisi egemen olan gücü doğrudan hedef almadan askeri üstünlüğü ya da tek taraflı askeri politikalarını engelleme ve ertelemeye yönelik uluslararası kurumlar, ekonomik araçlar ve diplomatik kanallar kullanılarak başvurulan bir strateji olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu çalışma dış politika stratejilerinden dengeleme ile peşine takılma stratejileri arasındaki farklılıkları incelerken yumuşak dengeleme stratejisi açısından genel bir çerçeve ortaya koymaktadır. Yumuşak dengeleme stratejisinin uygulama örneği olarak da Türkiye'nin bu stratejiyi takip ettiği 2003 Irak Krizi ve 1 Mart Tezkeresi ile Avrupa Birliği ile ilişkilerini inceleyerek dış politikadaki başarısını değerlendirmektedir
The goals and the objectives of states on foreign policy have been one of the rooted discussions in international relations. The important thing for the success of the goals and the objectives on foreign policy is which foreign policy strategy has been pursued by the states. According to Realist approach, the main objective of the states is to maximize their national interests and for this aim the pursued strategy by states is "balancing". Balancing is generally a strategy that the weak states are appealing in order to survive against the states either being hegemon or regarding as a threat. While the hegemon state does not require any need of balancing, secondtier or weak states, in order to look out for their national interests, would appeal the pursuit of balancing. However the fact that the balancing strategy will be more costly may lead secondtier or weak states to the strategy of bandwagoning towards the hegemon state. The motivation here is that the weak state with regard to the balance of power is approaching to the hegemon state or joining the alliance. However, although the cost is calculated as high, balancing strategy has continued to be the most common strategy appealed by the states, an important discussion in terms of the balancing emerges with the end of the Cold War. This is the presence of different types of balancing. The strategy which finds the most space according to the types of balancing is "soft balancing". Soft balancing strategy is described as a strategy applied by using international institutions, economic instruments and diplomatic channels in order to prevent or delay the military superiority or the unilateral military policies of hegemon state without directly targeting to her power. While this study examines the differences between the balancing strategy and bandwagoning strategy among the foreign policy strategies, provides a general framework with regard to the soft balancing strategy. As an example for the application of the soft balancing strategy, this study evaluates the success of this strategy applied by Turkish foreign policy during Iraq Crisis of 2003 and Memorandum of March 1st, and also with the relations with the European Union.
The goals and the objectives of states on foreign policy have been one of the rooted discussions in international relations. The important thing for the success of the goals and the objectives on foreign policy is which foreign policy strategy has been pursued by the states. According to Realist approach, the main objective of the states is to maximize their national interests and for this aim the pursued strategy by states is "balancing". Balancing is generally a strategy that the weak states are appealing in order to survive against the states either being hegemon or regarding as a threat. While the hegemon state does not require any need of balancing, secondtier or weak states, in order to look out for their national interests, would appeal the pursuit of balancing. However the fact that the balancing strategy will be more costly may lead secondtier or weak states to the strategy of bandwagoning towards the hegemon state. The motivation here is that the weak state with regard to the balance of power is approaching to the hegemon state or joining the alliance. However, although the cost is calculated as high, balancing strategy has continued to be the most common strategy appealed by the states, an important discussion in terms of the balancing emerges with the end of the Cold War. This is the presence of different types of balancing. The strategy which finds the most space according to the types of balancing is "soft balancing". Soft balancing strategy is described as a strategy applied by using international institutions, economic instruments and diplomatic channels in order to prevent or delay the military superiority or the unilateral military policies of hegemon state without directly targeting to her power. While this study examines the differences between the balancing strategy and bandwagoning strategy among the foreign policy strategies, provides a general framework with regard to the soft balancing strategy. As an example for the application of the soft balancing strategy, this study evaluates the success of this strategy applied by Turkish foreign policy during Iraq Crisis of 2003 and Memorandum of March 1st, and also with the relations with the European Union.
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Dış Politika Stratejileri, Foreign Policy Strategies, 1 Mart Tezkeresi, Memorandum of March 1st
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Aksu, M. K. (2019). Bir dış politika stratejisi olarak yumuşak dengelemeyi Türk dış politikası üzerinde test etmek. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
