Karaçam (Eskişehir) lateritik nikel cevherinin fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerle zenginleştirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2008-04-18
Yazarlar
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu tez, Karaçam (ESKİŞEHİR) lateritik nikel cevherinin fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerle zenginleştirilmesini kapsamaktadır. Bu amaçla, öncelikle fiziksel ve fizikokimyasal yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Yeterli tenör ve verime ulaşılmadığı için asit liçi çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Asit olarak, sülfürik asit (H2SO4), hidroklorik asit (HCl) ve nitrik asit (HNO3) kullanılmıştır. XRD sonuçlarına göre, cevher içerisinde bulunan nikel minerallerinin redgersit (NiSO4.6H2O) ve gaspeit (NiCO3) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Demir mineralleri olarak, götit (FeO(OH)), hematit (Fe2O3), vustit (FeO) olduğu ve demir yanında kil (montmorillonit, (Ca0,2(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2?4(H2O) saponit (Ca0,5(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2?4(H2O)) ve silikatlı kayaçların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Fiziksel zenginleştirme yöntemlerinde, multi gravite seperatör ve yüksek alan şiddetli yaş manyetik ayırıcılar kullanılmıştır. MGS deneylerinde, 2° tambur eğiminde konsantredeki Ni içeriği % 2,55 ve artıkdaki Ni içeriği % 1,08 olarak belirlenmiştir. Manyetik ayırma deneylerinde, 9,2 tesla manyetik alan şiddetinde, konsantredeki Ni içeriği % 2,02, 12,6 tesla manyetik alan şiddetinde, konsantredeki % Ni içeriği 2,08 iken, 17,4 tesla manyetik alan şiddetinde, konsantredeki Ni içeriği % 0,81 olarak belirlenmiştir. Fizikokimyasal zenginleştirme yöntemlerinden sadece flotasyon uygulanmıştır. Flotasyon deneylerinde, pH'ın, toplayıcı cinsinin ve canlandırıcı miktarının Ni flotasyonuna etkisi araştırılmış ve en uygun pH'ın 8, toplayıcı cinsinin Na-oleat ve canlandırıcı miktarı ise 10 g/t olarak belirlenmiştir. 80 °C'de, 2 M H2SO4 kullanılarak yapılanliç deneylerinden elde edilen sülfatlı çözeltilere solvent ekstraksiyon uygulanmıştır. Deney sonuçlarına göre, pH 3,09 değerinde % 0,04 nikel organik faza alınırken, pH 9,24 değerinde % 99,66 nikel organik faza alınmıştır. Liçing çalışmalarında, yüksek verimle nikel çözeltiye alınabilmiştir. Kullanılan bütün asitlerde, nikel çözünmesi % 100'e ulaşmış ve nikel çözündürmesinin teknolojik olarak mümkün olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca, birçok parametrenin Ni çözünmesine olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre Ni çözünme hızının karıştırma hızından bağımsız olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, sıcaklık ve asit derişimi arttıkça Ni çözünme hızının da arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Tez kapsamında, ayrıca nikel çözünme kinetikleri de incelenmiştir. Buradan yola çıkılarak her bir asit ortamı için sistemdeki her hangi bir değişiklikte muhtemel Ni çözünme verimi tahmin edilebilecek genel hız eşitliği oluşturulmuştur. Benzer eşitlik demir çözünmesi içinde oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma sonucu, cevher içerisindeki nikel minerallerinin herhangi bir yükseltgen iyonda (ferik iyonları ve hidrojen peroksit) etkilenmediği, sadece asit derişimi ve sıcaklığın etkili olduğu ortaya koymuştur. Ni çözünme hızı difüzyonla kontrol edilirken, Fe çözünme hızı kimyasal olarak kontrol edildiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
This thesis involves the beneficiation of Karaçam (Eskişehir) lateritic nickel ore by physical and chemical methods. For this purpose, first physical and physicochemical methods were used. Because of insufficient grade and recovery value, acid leaching experiments were carried out using sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid as acidic mediums. Redgersite (NiSO4.6H2O) and gaspeite (NiCO3) which are Ni minerals were determined in ore by XRD results. Goethite (FeO(OH)), hematite (Fe2O3) and wustite (FeO) were also determined as iron minerals, in addition it is seen that clay minerals (montmorillanite (Ca0,2(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2?4(H2O) and saponite (Ca0,5(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2?4(H2O))) and silicated rocks occurred beside iron. Multi gravity separator and high intensity wet magnetic separator were used in physical methods. Ni content of concentrate and tailing were obtained as 2.55 % and 1.08 % respectively at 2° drum slope in MGS experiments. In the magnetic separator experiments, it was determined that Ni content of concentrate were 2.02, 2.08 and 0.81 % at magnetic field intensity of 9.2, 12.6 and 14.7 tesla respectively. Only flotation method was applied in physicochemical beneficiation methods. In the flotation experiments, effects of pH, type of collector and amount of activator on Ni flotation were investigated, and the best conditions were determined as pH=8, Na-oleat as collector and 10 g/t of activator amount. Solvent extraction was applied to sulphate contained solutions which obtained from leaching experiments using 2 M H2SO4 at 80 ° temperature. As a result of experiments, 0.04 % and 99.66 % nickel were loaded to organic phase at pH=3.09 and pH=9.24 respectively. Nickel dissolution was achieved with high recovery. Nickel dissolution reached 100% and it was proved that nickel dissolution is possible technologically in all acidic medium. Also effect of a lot of parameters on Ni dissolution was investigated. It was determined that Ni dissolution rate was independed from stirring speed, but Ni dissolution rate increased with increasing temperature and acid concentration. This thesis also contains the investigation of nickel dissolution kinetics. In the light of these studies a general rate equation was obtained in order to estimate the probable Ni recovery as a result of any change in system for every acidic medium. A similar equation was also obtained for iron dissolution. Consequently it is shown that nickel minerals aren?t affected in any oxidizing ion such as ferric ions and hydrogen peroxide. However, it is seen that only temperature and acid concentration is effective on Nickel dissolution. It was concluded that while Ni dissolution rate is controlled by diffusion, Fe dissolution rate is controlled chemically.
This thesis involves the beneficiation of Karaçam (Eskişehir) lateritic nickel ore by physical and chemical methods. For this purpose, first physical and physicochemical methods were used. Because of insufficient grade and recovery value, acid leaching experiments were carried out using sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid as acidic mediums. Redgersite (NiSO4.6H2O) and gaspeite (NiCO3) which are Ni minerals were determined in ore by XRD results. Goethite (FeO(OH)), hematite (Fe2O3) and wustite (FeO) were also determined as iron minerals, in addition it is seen that clay minerals (montmorillanite (Ca0,2(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2?4(H2O) and saponite (Ca0,5(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2?4(H2O))) and silicated rocks occurred beside iron. Multi gravity separator and high intensity wet magnetic separator were used in physical methods. Ni content of concentrate and tailing were obtained as 2.55 % and 1.08 % respectively at 2° drum slope in MGS experiments. In the magnetic separator experiments, it was determined that Ni content of concentrate were 2.02, 2.08 and 0.81 % at magnetic field intensity of 9.2, 12.6 and 14.7 tesla respectively. Only flotation method was applied in physicochemical beneficiation methods. In the flotation experiments, effects of pH, type of collector and amount of activator on Ni flotation were investigated, and the best conditions were determined as pH=8, Na-oleat as collector and 10 g/t of activator amount. Solvent extraction was applied to sulphate contained solutions which obtained from leaching experiments using 2 M H2SO4 at 80 ° temperature. As a result of experiments, 0.04 % and 99.66 % nickel were loaded to organic phase at pH=3.09 and pH=9.24 respectively. Nickel dissolution was achieved with high recovery. Nickel dissolution reached 100% and it was proved that nickel dissolution is possible technologically in all acidic medium. Also effect of a lot of parameters on Ni dissolution was investigated. It was determined that Ni dissolution rate was independed from stirring speed, but Ni dissolution rate increased with increasing temperature and acid concentration. This thesis also contains the investigation of nickel dissolution kinetics. In the light of these studies a general rate equation was obtained in order to estimate the probable Ni recovery as a result of any change in system for every acidic medium. A similar equation was also obtained for iron dissolution. Consequently it is shown that nickel minerals aren?t affected in any oxidizing ion such as ferric ions and hydrogen peroxide. However, it is seen that only temperature and acid concentration is effective on Nickel dissolution. It was concluded that while Ni dissolution rate is controlled by diffusion, Fe dissolution rate is controlled chemically.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Asitler, Acids, Difüzyon, Diffusion, Liçing, Leaching, Nikel, Nickel, Liç kinetiği, Leaching kinetics, Eskişehir
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Künye
Ağaçayak, T. (2008). Karaçam (Eskişehir) lateritik nikel cevherinin fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerle zenginleştirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
