Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının tetranychus urticae (Acari:tetranychidae)'nin bazı biyolojik dönemleri üzerine etkileri
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2019
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Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
İki noktalı kırmızı örümcek olarak da adlandırılan Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), dünyada bitkisel üretim yapılan tarımsal alanlarda oldukça sık bulunan önemli bir polifag zararlı türüdür. Mücadelesi, kimyasal pestisitlerin yaygın kullanılması sonucu dayanıklılık kazanması nedeni ile zorlaşmıştır. Bu yüzden kimyasal pestisitlere alternatif olarak bitkisel pestisitlerin zararlı üzerinde etkileri araştırılmıştır. Denemede; adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.), biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), civanperçemi (Achillea millefolium L.) ve kimyon (Cuminum cyminum L.) bitkilerinden ethanol ile elde edilen ekstraktların T.urticae'ye etkileri araştırılmıştır. Yaprak daldırma metodu uygulanmıştır. Kullanılan bitki ekstraktlarının, T. urticae'nin ergin, nimf ve yumurtaları üzerine toksik etkileri ve ergin bireylere repellent etkileri denenmiştir. Çalışma, 28±1ºC sıcaklık, 16 saat ışıklanma süresi ve %65±5 orantılı nem koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Besin olarak 3 cm çapındaki fasülye bitkisinden elde edilen yaprak diskleri kullanılmıştır. Bitki ekstraktlarının %20, %15, %10, %5, %3.75, %2.5, %1.25, %0.625, %0.3125, %0.1562, %0.0781(w/w) konsantrasyonları denenmiştir. Ergin, nimf ve yumurtalar üzerinde toksik etki, erginler üzerinde repellent etki çalışmaları 24, 48 ve 72 saat süre ile takip edilerek sonuçlar kaydedilmiştir. Yumurta açılma oranları ise 7. gün sonunda sayımlar yapılarak belirlenmiştir. Bitki ekstraktları, 72 saat süre sonunda genellikle yüksek oranda toksik etki göstermiştir. T. urticae erginlerine karşı, en yüksek toksik etkili konsantrasyonun %10'luk konsantrasyon olduğu, en yüksek toksik etkili bitki ekstraktının adaçayı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Adaçayı ekstraktı 72 saat sonunda %94.64 oranında ergin ölümüne neden olmuştur. Nimfler üzerine en yüksek toksik etkili konsantrasyonun %5 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Nimf ölüm oranının en yüksek olduğu bitki ekstraktının kimyon ekstraktı olduğu ve 72 saat sonunda %96.42 oranında ölüme neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. T. urticae yumurtaları üzerine en yüksek toksik etkili konsantrasyonun %10 olduğu belirlenmiştir. En etkili bitki ekstraktı ise adaçayı olup, açılmayan yumurta oranı %100'dür. Bitki ekstraktlarının erginler üzerine repellent etkisi incelendiğinde ise, en yüksek etkili konsantrasyonun %2.5 olduğu ve kimyon ekstraktının %100 oranında ergin bireyleri uzaklaştırıcı etki gösterdiği saptanmıştır.
Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), also known as the two-spotted spider mite, is an important polyphag pest species that is very common in agricultural production in the world. Its control has become more difficult due to its resistance to chemical pesticides. Therefore, the effects of plant extracts on pests as an alternative to chemical pesticides were investigated. In this study, effects of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) extracts obtained from the plants with ethanol on two-spotted spider mite were investigated. Leaf dipping method was applied. The toxic effects of used plant extracts on adult, nymph and eggs of T. urticae and repellent effects on adult individuals were tested. The study was carried out at 28 ± 1 ºC, 16 hours exposure time and 65 ± 5% relative humidity. Leaf discs obtained from bean plant with a diameter of 3 cm were used as nutrients. 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 3.75%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.625%, 0.3125%, 0.1562%, 0.0781% (w / w) concentrations of the plant extracts were tested. Toxic effect on adult, nymph, eggs and repellent effect on adults studies were followed up for 24, 48 and 72 hours and the results were recorded. Hatching rates of egg were determined by counting at the end of the 7th day. Plant extracts generally showed a high toxic effect after 72 hours. It was determined that the highest toxic effect concentration against T. urticae adults was 10% and plant extract with the highest toxic effect was sage. The sage extract caused adult death at the rate of 94.64% at the end of 72 hours. The highest toxic effect concentration on the nymphs was determined to be 5%. It was determined that the plant extract with the highest nymph mortality rate was cumin extract and caused 96.42% death at the end of 72 hours. The highest toxic effect concentration on the nymphs was determined to be 5%. It was determined that the plant extract with the highest nymph mortality rate was cumin extract and caused 96.42% death. When the toxic effects on T. urticae eggs were examined, the highest toxic effect concentration was found to be 10%. The most effective plant extract was sage and egg death rate are 100%. When the repellent effect of plant extracts on adults is examined, it was seen that the highest effective concentration was 2.5% and that the cumin extract has the effect of removing 100% of adult individuals.
Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), also known as the two-spotted spider mite, is an important polyphag pest species that is very common in agricultural production in the world. Its control has become more difficult due to its resistance to chemical pesticides. Therefore, the effects of plant extracts on pests as an alternative to chemical pesticides were investigated. In this study, effects of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) extracts obtained from the plants with ethanol on two-spotted spider mite were investigated. Leaf dipping method was applied. The toxic effects of used plant extracts on adult, nymph and eggs of T. urticae and repellent effects on adult individuals were tested. The study was carried out at 28 ± 1 ºC, 16 hours exposure time and 65 ± 5% relative humidity. Leaf discs obtained from bean plant with a diameter of 3 cm were used as nutrients. 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 3.75%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.625%, 0.3125%, 0.1562%, 0.0781% (w / w) concentrations of the plant extracts were tested. Toxic effect on adult, nymph, eggs and repellent effect on adults studies were followed up for 24, 48 and 72 hours and the results were recorded. Hatching rates of egg were determined by counting at the end of the 7th day. Plant extracts generally showed a high toxic effect after 72 hours. It was determined that the highest toxic effect concentration against T. urticae adults was 10% and plant extract with the highest toxic effect was sage. The sage extract caused adult death at the rate of 94.64% at the end of 72 hours. The highest toxic effect concentration on the nymphs was determined to be 5%. It was determined that the plant extract with the highest nymph mortality rate was cumin extract and caused 96.42% death at the end of 72 hours. The highest toxic effect concentration on the nymphs was determined to be 5%. It was determined that the plant extract with the highest nymph mortality rate was cumin extract and caused 96.42% death. When the toxic effects on T. urticae eggs were examined, the highest toxic effect concentration was found to be 10%. The most effective plant extract was sage and egg death rate are 100%. When the repellent effect of plant extracts on adults is examined, it was seen that the highest effective concentration was 2.5% and that the cumin extract has the effect of removing 100% of adult individuals.
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Bitki Ekstraktı, Biyolojik Dönem, Repellent Etki, Tetranychus urticae, Toksik Etki, Biological stage, Plant Extract, Repellent Effect, Toxic Effect
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Doğan, M. (2019). Bazı Bitki Ekstraktlarının Tetranychus Urticae (Acari:Tetranychidae)'nin Bazı Biyolojik Dönemleri Üzerine Etkileri. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
