Eski Türk mitoloji ve destanlarına göre Türklerde Anahanlık'ın (Anaerkillik) ve Samanizmle ilişkisi
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Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Geniş bir coğrafi hâkimiyet alanına sahip olan Türkler; çeşitli kültür unsurlarıyla birlikte, farklı iktisadi faaliyetlerde de bulunmuşlardır. Sosyo-kültürel ve iktisadi yapının farklılığını mit ve destanlarda da görmekteyiz. Şamanizm'de olduğu üzere Kadın egemenliğine dayanan bir başlangıç, sonraki dönemlerde erkek egemen toplum yapısına kendisini bırakmıştır. Kadın; Ulu Ana'dan Ötügen ile Vatan Kültü'ne, Şamanizm'de de göksel bir şaman iken, yer altı dünyasına görevlendirilmiştir. Türk toplumunun, kültür hazinesini oluşturan Şamanizm, kuzeyde anaerkil toplum yapısını meydana getirirken, bozkırlarda Tengricilik merkezinde topluma etki etmiştir. Şamanizm'deki kutsallık bölgelere göre değişim göstermektedir. Şamanizm Tayga ormanlarıyla kaplı Kuzey Sibirya'da doğa karşısında savunmasız olan insan için, koruyucu bir zırh görevi üstlenmektedir. Atlı süvari devrimiyle ve demircilik mesleğinin ortaya çıkmasıyla Bozkırda Şamanizm, Gök Tanrı dininin içinde mezhepsel görev yürütmüştür. Bu değişimler kadının hâkimiyet alanını da daraltmıştır. Toplumda tek başına söz sahibi olan, kutsallığı tek başına taşıyan kadın, yalnızca evinin kutsalı, bazı bölgelerde de şeytani vasıfları bulunan kötü-kara ruh sahibi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yönetme gücünün el değiştirmesi hem Şamanizm'i hem de kadın yapısını etkilemiştir.
Turks, who dominated large territories, engaged in different economic activities together with various cultural elements. These economic differences revealed the position of women in society. While the hunting-gathering Turks had a religious and mythical matriarchal structure, the agriculturist Turkish society, which possessed steppe economy, provided the environment for the formation of the male-dominated society structure by realizing the state formation process. Geographically the difference between north and south was reflected in the myths and sagas. The Great Mother Motif that created the world first was a male ancestor in the south. Although in the belief systems which shaped humans' spiritual world, the most powerful women shamans and goddesses were in the north, males took over these duties from them when they started to forge and shape iron and the concept of ownership occurred in the south. In the conflicts between the sexes, as a result men's acquiring the dominance based on the physical power, women were left into the underworld in the myth and belief systems. While women were the centre of the society and sustained the descendants in the hunter-gatherer economy, as a result of the production of agricultural equipment and the concepts such as herd ownership caused women to care for children at home. While it was the Great Mother motif that gave life to the soil, it turned into the cult of Yer-sub, the protector of the soil and preserved its importance. This situation was an important reason why woman motif formed the alp woman type as the protector and assistant of man in the sagas.
Turks, who dominated large territories, engaged in different economic activities together with various cultural elements. These economic differences revealed the position of women in society. While the hunting-gathering Turks had a religious and mythical matriarchal structure, the agriculturist Turkish society, which possessed steppe economy, provided the environment for the formation of the male-dominated society structure by realizing the state formation process. Geographically the difference between north and south was reflected in the myths and sagas. The Great Mother Motif that created the world first was a male ancestor in the south. Although in the belief systems which shaped humans' spiritual world, the most powerful women shamans and goddesses were in the north, males took over these duties from them when they started to forge and shape iron and the concept of ownership occurred in the south. In the conflicts between the sexes, as a result men's acquiring the dominance based on the physical power, women were left into the underworld in the myth and belief systems. While women were the centre of the society and sustained the descendants in the hunter-gatherer economy, as a result of the production of agricultural equipment and the concepts such as herd ownership caused women to care for children at home. While it was the Great Mother motif that gave life to the soil, it turned into the cult of Yer-sub, the protector of the soil and preserved its importance. This situation was an important reason why woman motif formed the alp woman type as the protector and assistant of man in the sagas.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tanrıça, Ana, Şaman, Kültür, Anaerkil, Anahan Yer-sub, mit, destan, Ötügen, Goddess, Mother, Shaman, Culture, Matriarchal, Matriarchy, Yersub, Myth, Saga
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Karakaya, H. (2019). Eski Türk Mitoloji ve Destanlarına Göre Türklerde Anahanlık'ın (Anaerkillik) ve Samanizmle İlişkisi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
