Klâsik Türk Edebiyatı’nda yeni bir tip: erdemli aydın tipi
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Date
2016
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Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü
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Abstract
XIX. yüzyıl Encümen-i Şuara şairlerinden olan Hersekli Ârif Hikmet’in Manzûme başlıklı kasidesinde devleti yönetenlerin güvenilir olmadıkları üzerinde durulur. Böylece metinde devlet adamlarına güvenmeyen, güvensizlik ortamında kendi içine kapanan bir toplum söz konusu olur. Siyasi ve ekonomik başarısızlıklar, yöneticilerin dünya zevkleri peşinde koşmaktan devlet işleriyle ilgilenmemeleri halkı bezdirmiş, birey ve kurumlar sorgulanır hâle gelmiştir. Bu süreçte, yüzyıllardır otoriter devletin baskısı altında yaşayan kul, artık gözünü açmış ve devletini bu hâle getiren sorunları görmeye başlamıştır. Bireyleşmeye çalışan kulun mutsuzluğunun en büyük nedeni de aslında yanlış yönetim, dolayısıyla çöküş içindeki devlettir. Kasidedeki temsilî insan, kul olmaktan çıkıp bir birey olma çabasıyla metinde yer alır. Ne gelenekten kopan ne de tam anlamıyla yeni olabilen bir bireyle karşılaşılır. Metinde bu bireyin dünyayı gözlemlediği ve onu yorumlamaya çalıştığı anlaşılır. Bu anlamda birey tam olarak bir kaos içindedir. Bu nedenle yeni insan mutsuzdur. Metinde, bireyleşmeye çalışan erdemli insanların mutsuz olduğu belirtilir. Böylece metinde çizilen yeni insanla Erdemli Aydın Tipi işaret edilir. Çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde ‚Yapı? başlığı altında metnin anlam birimleri aracılığıyla dönemin ideal insanına dair izler belirlenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, ‚Yapı?dan elde edilen veriler ışığında dönemin ideal insan tipini belirlemeyi merkeze alan bir yöntem eşliğinde şiir tahlil edilerek bir kültür yorumuna ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir.
In Manzûme, the quasida of Herzegovinian Ârif Hikmet, who is a poet in Encüme-i Şuara in XIXth century, the statement on the people ruling the government as being untrustworthy is being emphasized. With this a society not trusting the statesmen and cloistering itself in a climate of distrust is the subject in this text. The failures the state has experienced and the fixation of the statesmen to the joys of the world have made the people from that period unhappy and have directed them to question life, government and humanity. In this process the human being, living under the pressure of the authoritarian government, has now opened his eyes and is able to see the problems harming the governemnt. In fact, the main reason for the unhappiness of the human being trying to be individualized is mismanagement, so the collapsing government. So the text is representing the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. The representative human in the qasida plays a part in the text with his effort on being transformed from a slave into an individual. An individual being tradition-bound and being not able to transform completely at the same time is encountered. The ideal person presented by the poet develops by changing with the rind type of the tradition in accordance with the period. It is understood from the text that the individual is observing the world and is trying to comment on it. In this sense the individual is literally in the middle of a chaos. For this reason the new prototype is unhappy. It is mentioned in the text that the righteous people trying to be individualized are unhappy. So with the new person presented in the text the Righteous Intellectual Prototype is being pointed out. The study consists of two parts. In the first part traces about the ideal person model of the period have been determined through the unit of meaning under the title ?Structure?. In the second part, the aim was to reach a culture interpretation by entreating a poem in the light of gathered information from the ?structure?, in accordance with a method emphasizing the determination of the ideal prototype of the period.
In Manzûme, the quasida of Herzegovinian Ârif Hikmet, who is a poet in Encüme-i Şuara in XIXth century, the statement on the people ruling the government as being untrustworthy is being emphasized. With this a society not trusting the statesmen and cloistering itself in a climate of distrust is the subject in this text. The failures the state has experienced and the fixation of the statesmen to the joys of the world have made the people from that period unhappy and have directed them to question life, government and humanity. In this process the human being, living under the pressure of the authoritarian government, has now opened his eyes and is able to see the problems harming the governemnt. In fact, the main reason for the unhappiness of the human being trying to be individualized is mismanagement, so the collapsing government. So the text is representing the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. The representative human in the qasida plays a part in the text with his effort on being transformed from a slave into an individual. An individual being tradition-bound and being not able to transform completely at the same time is encountered. The ideal person presented by the poet develops by changing with the rind type of the tradition in accordance with the period. It is understood from the text that the individual is observing the world and is trying to comment on it. In this sense the individual is literally in the middle of a chaos. For this reason the new prototype is unhappy. It is mentioned in the text that the righteous people trying to be individualized are unhappy. So with the new person presented in the text the Righteous Intellectual Prototype is being pointed out. The study consists of two parts. In the first part traces about the ideal person model of the period have been determined through the unit of meaning under the title ?Structure?. In the second part, the aim was to reach a culture interpretation by entreating a poem in the light of gathered information from the ?structure?, in accordance with a method emphasizing the determination of the ideal prototype of the period.
Description
Url: http://sutad.selcuk.edu.tr/sutad/article/view/858
Keywords
Hersekli Arif Hikmet, Kaside, Erdemli aydın tipi, Varoluşçuluk, Değişim, Quasida, Righteous intellectual prototype, Ghettoness, Change
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Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
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Citation
Dalyan, A. (2016). Klâsik Türk Edebiyatı’nda yeni bir tip: erdemli aydın tipi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (39), 309-323.
