Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)'nin fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)'de beslenmesi ve konukçuda meydana gelen değişimler üzerinde araştırmalar
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)' nin fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) üzerinde beslenmesi sonucunda, bitki besin elementlerinde ve büyüme parametrelerinde meydana gelen değişimlerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Denemeler 28±2°C sıcaklık ve %65±10 orantılı nemde 16 saat aydınlatmalı iklim odalarında yürütülmüş ve konukçu olarak Yunus-90 çeşidi fasulye bitkisi kullanılmıştır. Denemede 4 farklı akar yoğunluğu (0, 20, 40, 80 (adet bitki-1), bitkinin 3 farklı fenolojik dönemi (genç, orta, yaşlı) kullanılmış ve deneme 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Ergin akar kullanılan bu çalışmada farklı yoğunluklarda verilen T. urticae, fasulyede 14 gün beslenmiş ve daha sonra bitkiden uzaklaştırılıp toplanan bitkilerden besin elementi analizleri yapılmıştır. Fasulyedeki besin elementi içeriklerinin belirlenmesi için ICP-OES cihazında okumalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca bitki büyüme parametrelerinden; bitki boyu, yaprak boyu, yaprak sayısı ve kuru ağırlık miktarındaki değişimler incelenmiştir. Fasulyedeki makro besin elementlerinden fosfor, potasyum, kalsiyum, magnezyum, mikro besin elementlerinden ise demir, bakır, mangan, çinko ve bor elementleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmalar sonucunda bitkideki en düşük fosfor miktarı 40 akar yoğunluğunda yaşlı fenolojik dönemde %0.19 olarak bulunurken genç dönemde %0.29, orta fenolojik dönemde ise %0.25 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bitkideki potasyum içeriği en düşük 40 akar yoğunluğunda %6.59, orta fenolojik dönemde %9.56, yaşlı fenolojik dönemde ise %9.36 tespit edilmiştir. Akar yoğunluğu arttıkça kalsiyum içeriği artmış ancak bitkideki magnezyum içeriğinde değişim gözlenmemiştir. Mikro besin elementlerinden demir, mangan, çinko ve bor elementlerinde akar yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak farklılık gözlenmezken bakır içeriğinde farklılık tespit edilmiştir. En düşük bakır içeriği 80 akar yoğunluğunda orta fenolojik dönemde 11.16 ppm, genç dönemde 21.33 ppm, yaşlı fenolojik dönemde ise 23.56 ppm olarak bulunmuştur. Bitkinin kuru ağırlığı akar yoğunluğunun artmasına bağlı olarak artmış ancak bitki ve yaprak boyunda küçülmeler tespit edilmiştir. Yaprak sayısında ise akar yoğunluğunun artmasına bağlı olarak herhangi bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bitkide meydana gelen değişimler tespit edilerek gübreleme programları oluşturulmalıdır. Tüm bu analizlerin yanında bu zararlının bitkideki sekonder metabolitlere etkileri de tespit edilerek bitkideki kimyasal savunma mekanizmasında yer alan terpenoidler, flavanoidler, fenolikler, siyonogenik glikosidler, alkoloidler gibi biyokimyasal maddelerde incelenmelidir. Bu sayede zararlı popülasyon yoğunluğunun ve beslenmesinin bitki üzerindeki etkisinin daha net açıklanabileceği ve daha etkili tedbirlerin alınabileceği öngörülmektedir.
In this study, it was aimed to determine the changes in plant nutrients and growth parameters as a result of feeding Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiments were carried out at 28 ± 2 ° C temperature and 65 ± 10% proportional humidity in 16 hours illuminated climate chambers and Yunus-90 variety bean plant was used as host. In the experiment, 4 different mite densities (0, 20, 40, 80 (plant-1), 3 different phenological stages of the plant (young, middle, old) were used and the experiment was carried out with 4 replications. T. urticae were fed on beans for 14 days, and then nutrient analysis was performed from the plants collected from the plant. Readings were made on the ICP-OES device to determine the amount of nutrients in beans. In addition, plant growth parameters; changes in plant height, leaf height, leaf number and dry weight were investigated. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium from the macro nutrients in the beans and iron, copper, manganese, zinc and boron elements from the micronutrients were investigated. As a result of the studies, the lowest phosphorus amount in the plant was found as 0.19% in the old phenological period at 40 mite density, while it was determined as 0.29% in the young period and 0.25% in the middle phenological period. The potassium content in the plant was found to be 6.59% in the lowest 40 mite density, 9.56% in the middle phenological period and 9.36% in the elderly phenological period. As the density of mites increased, the calcium content increased, but no change was observed in the magnesium content in the plant. While no difference was observed in the micronutrients iron, manganese, zinc and boron elements depending on the density of the mite, a difference was detected in the copper content. The lowest copper content in 80 mite density was 11.16 ppm in the middle phenological period, 21.33 ppm in the young period and 23.56 ppm in the elderly phenological period. The dry weight of the plant increased due to the increase in the density of the mite, but it was determined that the plant and leaf length decreased. No difference was found in the number of leaves due to the increase in the density of the mites. According to the results, fertilization programs should be established by determining the changes in the plant. In addition to all these analyzes, the effects of this pest on secondary metabolites in the plant should be determined, and biochemical substances such as terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, cionogenic glycosides, alkaloids, which are involved in the chemical defense mechanism in the plant, should be examined. In this way, it is predicted that the effect of the pest population density and nutrition on the plant can be explained more clearly and more effective measures can be taken.
In this study, it was aimed to determine the changes in plant nutrients and growth parameters as a result of feeding Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiments were carried out at 28 ± 2 ° C temperature and 65 ± 10% proportional humidity in 16 hours illuminated climate chambers and Yunus-90 variety bean plant was used as host. In the experiment, 4 different mite densities (0, 20, 40, 80 (plant-1), 3 different phenological stages of the plant (young, middle, old) were used and the experiment was carried out with 4 replications. T. urticae were fed on beans for 14 days, and then nutrient analysis was performed from the plants collected from the plant. Readings were made on the ICP-OES device to determine the amount of nutrients in beans. In addition, plant growth parameters; changes in plant height, leaf height, leaf number and dry weight were investigated. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium from the macro nutrients in the beans and iron, copper, manganese, zinc and boron elements from the micronutrients were investigated. As a result of the studies, the lowest phosphorus amount in the plant was found as 0.19% in the old phenological period at 40 mite density, while it was determined as 0.29% in the young period and 0.25% in the middle phenological period. The potassium content in the plant was found to be 6.59% in the lowest 40 mite density, 9.56% in the middle phenological period and 9.36% in the elderly phenological period. As the density of mites increased, the calcium content increased, but no change was observed in the magnesium content in the plant. While no difference was observed in the micronutrients iron, manganese, zinc and boron elements depending on the density of the mite, a difference was detected in the copper content. The lowest copper content in 80 mite density was 11.16 ppm in the middle phenological period, 21.33 ppm in the young period and 23.56 ppm in the elderly phenological period. The dry weight of the plant increased due to the increase in the density of the mite, but it was determined that the plant and leaf length decreased. No difference was found in the number of leaves due to the increase in the density of the mites. According to the results, fertilization programs should be established by determining the changes in the plant. In addition to all these analyzes, the effects of this pest on secondary metabolites in the plant should be determined, and biochemical substances such as terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, cionogenic glycosides, alkaloids, which are involved in the chemical defense mechanism in the plant, should be examined. In this way, it is predicted that the effect of the pest population density and nutrition on the plant can be explained more clearly and more effective measures can be taken.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Besin elementi, Bitki fenolojik dönemi, Phaseolus vulgaris, Tetranychus urticae, Plant phenological period
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Türkoğlu, H. (2021). Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)'nin fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)'de beslenmesi ve konukçuda meydana gelen değişimler üzerinde araştırmalar. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
