Osmanlı eğitiminde mülkiye mektepleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2007
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Duraklama dönemi bitip, çökme devri başlayınca sistem üzerinde ıslahat hareketlerine girişildi. Kurulacak yeni sistemi bu sisteme uygun olarak yetişmiş kişiler yürüteceklerdi. Bu kişilerin yetişecekleri yer ise şüphesiz mektepler olacaktır.Bu amaçla bazı yeni mektepler açılmıştır.Fakat bunlar ihtiyaca cevap verebilecek düzeyde değildi.Ayrıca tımar sistemi kaldırılmış;idari taksimat da değişiklik yapılmış;yeni kurulan teşkilatı yürütecek idarecilere ihtiyaç duyulmuştur.Bu amaçla mülkiye mekteplerinin açılması düşünülmüştür. Mektep 1859'da iki yıllık orta dereceli bir okul olarak açılmış,1868'de dört yıla çıkarılmış; 1877'de yüksek okul haline getirilmiştir. Meşrutiyet döneminde mektep siyasi, idari ve mali şubelere ayrılmış; 1915 yılında ise kapatılarak bütçesiyle birlikte Darülfünun'a devredilmiştir. Üç yıl sonra iç işlerine bağlı olarak tekrar açılmıştır.1920 yılında ise Maarif Nezaretine devredilmiştir. Mülkiye Mektebi açıldığı andan itibaren Osmanlı devletine idareci yetiştirmiştir. Sultan Abdülaziz döneminde kaymakamlık için mülkiye mezunu olma şartı getirilmiştir. Bu sayede idareci olacaklara belli standartlar getirilmiş oluyordu. Bugün fakültelerimizde okutulan derslerin bir kısmı ilk defa mülkiye mektebi ile memleketimize girmiştir. Osmanlının son dönemi ve cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında gelişen fikir akımları mülkiyede filizlenmeye başlamıştır. Türkiye'de olduğu gibi Osmanlıdan ayrılan komşu devletlerin teşkilatlanmasında mülkiye mezunları önemli bir rol oynamıştır.
New movements in education system had been started when the state came to end of standstill period. The new system was going to be established by educated people who knew latest approaches. First of all, this people had to be educated with appropriate schools. For this purpose new schools had been established. But these schools were not adequate for the needs. At the same time, Tımar system was demolished, economic system had changed. Thus, the needs of qualified persons increased. For these purposes, the idea of opening new schools had been started. First Mülkiye School was opened in 1859 for middle grade. It was upgraded for four years in 1868. It became a high school in 1877. School had been divided into three sub departments during Meşrutiyet period. The departments were politics, administration and economics. School had been closed in 1915 and all properties had left to Darülfünun (University). But it was re-opened under the authority of foreign affairs after three years of closing. The authority of school passed to Maarif Nezareti (Ministry of Education) in 1920. Mülkiye School educated administers to Ottoman State after its first opening. All local governors had to have certificate of Mülkiye during the period of Sultan Abdülaziz. Thus, new standards had been introduced first time for the administrators. Mülkiye schools introduced new curriculums and lessons to Universities in Turkey as well as new ideas and political movements. It also had affects on new states? establishments which were separated from Ottoman State.
New movements in education system had been started when the state came to end of standstill period. The new system was going to be established by educated people who knew latest approaches. First of all, this people had to be educated with appropriate schools. For this purpose new schools had been established. But these schools were not adequate for the needs. At the same time, Tımar system was demolished, economic system had changed. Thus, the needs of qualified persons increased. For these purposes, the idea of opening new schools had been started. First Mülkiye School was opened in 1859 for middle grade. It was upgraded for four years in 1868. It became a high school in 1877. School had been divided into three sub departments during Meşrutiyet period. The departments were politics, administration and economics. School had been closed in 1915 and all properties had left to Darülfünun (University). But it was re-opened under the authority of foreign affairs after three years of closing. The authority of school passed to Maarif Nezareti (Ministry of Education) in 1920. Mülkiye School educated administers to Ottoman State after its first opening. All local governors had to have certificate of Mülkiye during the period of Sultan Abdülaziz. Thus, new standards had been introduced first time for the administrators. Mülkiye schools introduced new curriculums and lessons to Universities in Turkey as well as new ideas and political movements. It also had affects on new states? establishments which were separated from Ottoman State.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Osmanlı Devleti, Ottoman Empire, Mülkiye mektepleri, Mulkiye schools
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Doğan, A. (2007). Osmanlı eğitiminde mülkiye mektepleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Konya.
