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Öğe Effect of Antioxidant Therapy on Collagen Synthesis in Corrosive Esophageal Burns(Springer, 2002) Günel, Engin; Çağlayan, Fatma; Çağlayan, Osman; Canbilen, Aydan; Tosun, MuratTo investigate the efficacy of antioxidant therapy on collagen synthesis in corrosive esophageal burns, 110 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of 22 animals each. A standard esophageal caustic burn was produced by 1 ml of 10% sodium hydroxide solution for the rats in groups B to E, group A was instilled only with 0.9% saline after preparation of the distal esophageal segment. Group A animals (controls) were uninjured and untreated. Group B had untreated esophageal burns. Esophageal burns were treated in group C with vitamin E (10 mg/kg IM), in group D with vitamin C (10 mg/kg IP), and in group E with methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg IM) on each of 5 days. Eight rats from each group were killed 4 days after initiation of the study and the abdominal esophagus was studied for tissue malondialdehyde (MDA; mumol/g protein) levels. The other rats were killed 28 days after initiation of the study and determination of hydroxyproline (HP) (mug/g tissue) levels in esophageal tissue was performed for 8 rats in each group. Histopathologic evaluation was also performed in the other 6 rats from each group. MDA levels in esophageal tissue were significantly lower in groups C (9.24 +/- 2.62, P < 0.01) and group E (6.26 +/- 2.22, P < 0.001) than in group B (12.35 +/- 1.80). HP levels were significantly lower in groups A (0.75 +/- 0.2 1, P < 0.001), C (1.11 +/- 0.15, P < 0.01), and E (0.96 +/- 0.15, P < 0.001) than in group B (1.40 +/- 0.20). Histopathologically, collagen deposition in the submucosa and tunica muscularis was lower in groups C and E than in group B (P < 0.05, and 0.01, respectively). Our results demonstrate that treatment with antioxidant drugs such as vitamin E and methylprednisolone decreased tissue HP levels, and thus inhibited new collagen synthesis and stricture formation in rats with alkali-induced caustic esophageal burns.Öğe Functional innervation of the isolated bowel segment(W B SAUNDERS CO, 1999) Günel, Engin; Şahin, Ayşe; Çağlayan, Fatma; Akıllıoğlu, İshakPurpose: The aim of this study is to investigate whether there might be an eventual change in the enteric nerve responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) of the isolated bowel segment (IBS) created by omentoenteropexy. Methods: In the experimental group, an IBS was created in 10 rats using the omentum as the host organ by dividing of its mesentery 4 weeks later. In the control group, a jejunal loop of identical site and length to the IBS was studied in another 10 rats as normal jejunal segment. Longitudinal muscle strips were prepared from the IBSs (n = 20) and the normal jejunal segments (n = 20). The effects of atropine, tetrodotoxin, L-arginine, and L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on the responses to transmural EFS were examined in both the IBS and normal jejunal segment using the isometric tension recording technique. Results: Transmural EFS of the IBS strips produced contractile responses. Atropine and tetrodotoxin abolished the EFS-induced contractions of the IBS. Moreover, EFS-induced contractions were increased by the application of L-NAME, and were decreased by the application of L-arginine in the IBS. Mean percent change of IBS's contraction was not found statistically different from mean percent change of normal jejunal segment's contraction on the effects of L-NAME and L-arginine. Conclusion: These results suggest that the IBS, created by omentoenteropexy, produced enteric nerve responses to EFS as seen as in normal jejunal segment. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company.Öğe Helicobacter Pylori Seropositivity in Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain(1998) Günel, Engin; Fındık, Duygu; Çağlayan, Fatma; Topgaç, ZerrinRecurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a significant problem in pediatric patients, and there has been much recent interest in the role that Helicobacter pylori (Hp) might play in this disorder. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Hp infection in children with RAP, and to determine whether there was an association between Hp and RAP. The study was conducted on 50 children with RAP and 20 asymptomatic children admitted for inguinal surgery as a con-trol group. Serum samples from the 70 children were tested for anti-Hp Ig G and anti-Hp Ig A by ELISA. Of the 50 children with RAP, 32 were seropositive (64%) for Hp Ig G, and 14 were seropositive (28%) for Hp Ig A. In the control group, a of the 20 children without RAP were seropositive (45%) for Hp Ig G, and 4 were seropositive (20%) for Hp Ig A. The high prevalence of Hp seropositivity (64% by Ig G) in this study was in variance with other reported pediatric data from the developing world. The prevalence of Hp infection in patients with RAP was not significantly different from that in asymptomatic children (p0.14). Thus, no association between Hp infection and RAP was found.Öğe I?ntestinal İskemi/Reperfüzyon Sonrası Diğer Organlardaki Oksidan Stresin Araştırılması(2000) Çağlayan, Fatma; Çağlayan, Osman; Günel, Engin; Çakmak, Muratİskemi/reperfüzyon hasarlanmasında tetikleyici olarak sorumlu tutulan reaktif oksijen metabolitleri primer olarak meydana geldikleri organda hasarlanmaya neden olurken aynı zamanda diğer organ ve sistemleri de etkilemektedir. Intestinal iskemi reperfüzyon çalışmalarında akciğer, karaciğer, kalp ve kemik iliğinde bu etkiler gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda intestinal iskemi reperfüzyonda karaciğer akciğer ve böbrekte oksidan stres ölçüldü. Toplam 18 adet tavşan üç gruba ayrıldı. 1. grup (n=6) bir saatlik ileum iskemisi, 2. grup (n=6) bir saat iskemi bir saat reperfüzyon, 3. grup (n=6) sham grubu olarak çalışıldı. Deney sonunda tüm gruplardan karaciğer, akciğer ve böbrek doku örnekleri alındı. Doku homojenatlarında malondialdehid ve glutatyon düzeyleri ölçüldü. Her üç grubun sonuçları birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldı. Tüm dokularda reperfüzyon grubu malondialdehid düzeyleri sham grubundan anlamlı yüksekti (p<0,05). Glutatyon düzeyleri akciğer dokusunda gruplar arasında farksızken, karaciğer ve böbrek dokularında reperfüzyon grubunda sham grubundan anlamit düşüktü (p<0,05). Bu sonuçlar her üç dokunun da intestinal iskemi reperfüzyon sonrası oksidan stres altında kaldığını göstermektedir.Öğe Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion and Plasma Enzyme Levels(2002) Çağlayan, Fatma; Çağlayan, Osman; Günel, Engin; Elcuman, Yeşim; Çakmak, MuratDetermination of blood levels of intracellular enzymes is an appropriate method to evaluate tissue and organ damage. To show systemic tissue damage resulting from intestinal ischemia-reperfusion, New Zealand rabbits underwent 60 min intestinal ischemia and 60 min reperfusion. Plasma samples were obtained before and at 55, 70, and 120 min after operation and enzyme levels were determined. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed a significant increase during reperfusion while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels were significantly increased at the end of ischemia and continued to be so through-out reperfusion. It is difficult to claim that enzymes arise from the intestine, but an increase of CK, LDH, and later of AST without any increase in alanine aminotransferase levels during ischemia suggests that their primary source is the injured intestine. Increased levels of plasma enzymes do not provide exact information about the location, but do reveal the presence of an injury.Öğe İntestinal iskemi-reperfüzyonun doku çinko düzeyine etkisi(1998) Çağlayan, Osman; Çağlayan, Fatma; Günel, Engin; Gülen, SalihaAmaç: Bu çalışmada intestinal iskemi-reperfüzyon (İR) sonrası doku çinko (Zn) düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Oniki beyaz Yeni Zelanda tavşanı sham ve iskemi-reperfüzyon gruplarına ayrıldı. İR grubunda 1 saat intestinal iskemi oluşturuldu. 1 saat reperfüzyon sonrası hayvanlar öldürülerek barsak, akciğer, karaciğer ve böbrekten doku örnekleri alındı. Sham grubuna ÎR dışında diğer cerrahi işlemler uygulandı. 2 saat sonunda bunlardan da aynı şekilde doku örnekleri alındı. Numuneler deiyonize su içinde homojenize edildi. Santrifüj sonrası süpernatanda protein ve Zn ölçüldü. Doku Zn seviyesi mcg Zn/g protein olarak hesaplandı. Verilerin analizinde Mann-Whitney U testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: İR grubunda Zn seviyesi sham grubuna göre barsakta yüksek, akciğerde düşüktü. Fakat her iki grubun karaciğer ve böbrek dokusunda fark yoktu. Sonuç: intestinal İR, ilgili barsak segmentindeki hasarın yanı sıra sistemik hasara da yol açar. Akciğerdeki Zn azalması bu olay sırasında gelişen akut uzak organ yaralanmasına bağlıdır. Sarsaktaki yüksek Zn içeriği, iskemi-reperfüzyona bağlı artmış mukozal perméabilité nedeniyle olabilir. Bu konuda daha fazla bilgi elde etmek için doku Zn içeriği yanında Cu-Zn SOD aktivitesi de ölçülmelidir.Öğe Reactive oxygen radical levels in caustic esophageal burns(W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 1999) Günel, Engin; Çağlayan, Fatma; Çağlayan, Osman; Akıllıoğlu, İshakPurpose: This study was designed to determine the tissue levels of reactive oxygen radicals in caustic esophageal burns in a rat model. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups of 10 animals each,The control rats were uninjured in group A, and the others were injured rats in groups B, C, and D. Through a median laparatomy incision, a 1.5-cm abdominal esophageal segment was isolated and tied with 2-0 chromic sutures in all groups as described by Gehanno. One milliliter of 10% sodium hydroxide solution in groups B, C, and D and 0.9% saline solution in group A were instilled through the isolated segment via a no. 24 cannula for 3 minutes, then the esophagus was rinsed for 1 minute with distilled water. The studied 1.5 cm of the abdominal esophagus was removed from each animal 24 hours after caustic injury in group B, 48 hours after in group C, and 72 hours after in group D. In group A, studied uninjured segments were removed for biochemical investigation. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined for each group. Results: The mean MDA levels in esophageal tissue were significantly higher in groups B, C, and D than in group A (P < .05). Moreover, the mean GSH levels in the same esophageal tissues were significantly lower in groups C and D than in groups A and B (P < .05). Conclusion: The reactive oxygen radicals may be play an important role in early phase of caustic esophageal burns by increasing the tissue damage. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company.Öğe Treatment of Intestinal Reperfusion Injury Using Antioxidative Agents(W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 1998) Günel, Engin; Çağlayan, Fatma; Çağlayan, Osman; Dilsiz, Alaeddin; Duman, Selçuk; Aktan, MuratBackground/Purpose: A number of antioxidants are present in human tissues, which comprise the secondary defence system against the oxygen-free radicals and oxidative stress. Therefore, this study was undertaken in an animal model to investigate the effects of antioxidants such as vitamin E, vitamin C, methyl prednisolone, and mannitol, on the treatment of intestinal reperfusion injury when given during ischemia. Methods: The study was performed on six groups of animals, each composed of six rabbits: Group I, mesenteric ischemia group; group R, ischemia-reperfusion group; group E, ischemia-reperfusion plus Vitamin E treatment; group C, ischemia-reperfusion plus vitamin C treatment; group CS, ischemia-reperfusion plus corticosteroid treatment; and Group M, ischemia-reperfusion plus mannitol treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels of the intestinal mucosa were assayed to reflect the free radical formation. Results: Mucosal injury scores in the M and C groups were significantly lower than the R group (P < .01 and P < .01, respectively), and in the E and CS groups, mucosal injury scores were not significantly different from R group. MDA levels in the M and C groups were significantly lower than the R group (P < .01 and P < .01, respectively). GSH levels in the E, C, and M groups, were significantly higher than R group (P < .01, P < .05, and P < .01, respectively). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that antioxidant drugs, such as vitamin C and mannitol, may play a role in attenuating reperfusion injury of the gut demonstrated by depression of tissue MDA levels and by elevation of tissue GSH levels.
