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Öğe Determination of the activity of alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase of peripheral blood lymphocytes in healty pregnant merino sheep(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2013) Sur, Emrah; Aydin, Ibrahim; Oznurlu, Yasemin; Ozaydin, Tugba; Celik, Ilhami; Kadiralieva, NaristeThis study was performed to determine the effects of pregnancy on the activities of alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in pregnant Merino sheep. Peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages were also estimated. Periferal blood samples were taken from animals in six different gestational stages as non-pregnant control, in the first, the second, the third, the fourth and the fifth month of pregnancy. Each group was contained 20 animals. The lowest ANAE (+) lymphocytes percentage (63.5%) was determined in the first month of pregnancy whereas the highest null lymphocytes proportion (12.75%) was detected in the same gestational period. There were statistically decreases in the proportions of peripheral blood lymphocyte (42.9%) and the ACP-ase (+) lymphocytes (43.35%) in the last gestational stages. Although the posibble hormonal changes may cause the fluctuation of peripheral blood lymphocyte proportions in all gestational periods, the most distinctive changes were observed at the begining and at the end of the pregnancy. It was concluded that the data was obtained from this study was useful for understanding of the possible mechanisms of maternal tolerance.Öğe Determination of the Stages of the Sexual Cycle of the Bitch by Direct Examination(MEDWELL ONLINE, 2011) Aydin, Ibrahim; Sur, Emrah; Ozaydin, Tugba; Dinc, Dursun AliThe aim of this study was to determine the stages of the sexual cycle of the bitch by direct examination and also to assess the reliability of this new technique by comparing it with the classical staining techniques used in bitches. Forty mixed-breed bitches, of different ages and sexually mature were used in this study. A total of 120 vaginal smear samples were collected using a cotton swab, three from each bitch. The collected samples were air dried and coded. One of the prepared samples from each bitch was stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa and the second sample was stained with Papanicolaou. The third sample was left unstained for direct examination. The stages of the sexual cycle were determined using all of the samples. The researcher who evaluated the samples did not have information about the coding system. The evaluation was made blindly and the results were compared after determination of the stages of the sexual cycle from all of the samples. The sexual cycle stages determined with the May-Grunwald Giemsa and Papanicolaou techniques were completely consistent with each other. However, when the direct examination technique was compared with the classical staining techniques, there was a significant difference in the proestrus, diestrus and anestrus stages of the cycle (p<0.05) while there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the estrus stage of the cycle. In conclusion, it was found that when determining the stages of the sexual cycle of the bitch by vaginal cytology, the direct examination technique was reliable only in detecting the estrus stage of the cycle.Öğe Disseminated metastatic transmissible venereal tumour in a bitch(Selçuk Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi, 2013) Kose, Ayse Merve; Cizmeci, Sakine Ulkum; Aydin, Ibrahim; Dinc, Dursun Ali; Maden, Mehmet; Kanat, OzgurBu vakanın materyalini doğum sonrası üç aydır devam eden kanlı vaginal akıntısı olan 4 yaşlı Sibiryan Husky ırkı dişi bir köpek oluşturdu. Yapılan fiziksel muayenede deri altında birçok noktada çeşitli büyüklükte kitlelerin olduğu, kanlı vajinal akıntının bulunduğu, vulvanın ödemli olduğu ve üzerinde dokunulduğunda kolayca kanayan karnabahar görünümlü frajil tümoral kitlelerin bulunduğu belirlendi. Vaginadaki tümoral kitlelerden hazırlanan smear preperatlarının sitolojik incelemesinde yuvarlak hiperkromik çekirdek ve çekirdekçiği bulunan ince stoplazmalı, eozinofilik vakuollü yuvarlak, oval ya da polihidral görünümlü tipik transmissible venereal tümör hücrelerine rastlandı. Ultrasonografik muayenede ise karaciğer, dalak ve sol böbreğin ekojenitelerinde değişiklik olduğu, karaciğer ve dalağın büyüdüğü ayrıca karaciğer üzerinde çok sayıda dalakta ise bir adet kitle olduğu belirlendi. Yapılan klinik, labaratuar, radyografik ve ultrasonografik muayeneler sonucunda vakada yaygın metastazlı transmissible venereal tümör (TVT) teşhis edildi. Vakanın prognozunun kötü olması nedeniyle hasta uyutuldu. Nekropsi sırasında deri, derialtı, memelerin etrafı, son kosta üzerie, abdomen, akciğer, karaciğer ve dalakta matastazik kitleler belirlendi. Genellikle benign karakterde olan ve metastazlara nadir rastlanılan TVT olgusu, bu vakada deri, derialtı dokular, meme, karaciğer, dalak ve akciğerde metastazlara yol açıp malign karaktere döndüğü belirlendi. Sonuç olarak TVT’li köpeklerde metastaz varlığının araştırılması için dikkatli bir sistematik muayene yapılmalıdır.Öğe The distribution of pas-positive uterine natural killer (unk) cells in the decidua basalis of pregnant mice(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2015) Sur, Emrah; Oznurlu, Yasemin; Ozaydin, Tugba; Celik, Ilhami; Aydin, Ibrahim; Kadyralieva, NaristeThis study was carried out to determine the distribution of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells having periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) positive granules in the decidua basalis in pregnant mice. For this purpose, mice at 12-14 weeks of age were divided into four groups as nonpregnant control, and at the middle of the first, second, and the third week of the pregnancy, corresponding to early, middle, and late (3rd, 10th, and 17th days of pregnancy) gestational stages respectively (n=6 for each group). After placentation, it was identified four different regions as metrial region (MLAp; mesometrial lymphoid aggregate of pregnancy), decidua basalis, junctional zone and labyrinth zone in mice. It was observed trophoblast giant cells between decidua basalis and junctional zone. The number of PAS-positive uNK cells was found as 5 in 10.000 mu m(2) in endometrium of control animals while it was determined as 26.5 number/10.000 mu m(2) in decidua basalis at early gestational period. The highest PAS-positive uNK cell numbers (56 number/10.000 mu m(2)) were detected at the mid-gestational period in decidua basalis. uNK cells were also observed in the lumen of the maternal blood vessels. In mesometrial region, the dilatation of maternal blood vessels and thinning of the media layer was distinct. It was concluded that the number and the distribution of the uNK cells having periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) positive granules was affected by pregnancy.Öğe Effect of ?-carotene on ovarium functions and ovsynch success in repeat breeder cows(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2009) Celic, Haci Ahmet; Avci, Guelcan; Aydin, Ibrahim; Bulbul, Aziz; Bulbul, TubaThis study was carried out to determine the effect of beta-carotene on ovarian function and pregnancy rates in repeat breeder cows. Twenty-six repeat breeder Holstein cows were randomly assigned into control (n=11) and carotene (n=15) groups. Cows were fed with diet in the form of total mixed ration (39.80% neutral detergent fiber and 16.20% crude protein of dry matter). Treatment cows received an intramuscular injection of beta-carotene (1 mg/kg) simultaneously with the first GnRH injection. Largest follicle (P<0.05) and corpus luteum diameters (P<0.01) together with serum progesterone (P<0.01), beta-carotene (P<0.05) and vitamin A (P<0.01) levels were all significantly higher in the carotene group on the day of PGF2 alpha injection. At the second GnRH injection, largest follicle diameter (P<0.01), serum estradiol (P<0.01), beta-carotene (P<0.01), and vitamin A (P<0.01) levels were again higher in the carotene group. Serum estradiol (P<0.01) and beta-carotene (P<0.05) levels were still significantly higher in the carotene group at the time of Al. Ovulation response did not differ between groups after both first and second GnRH injection. The pregnancy rate was 27.2% in the control group, and 33.3% in the carotene group but this difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, it was Suggested that beta-carotene did not have any significant effects on ovulation or pregnancy rates in ovsynch-treated repeat breeder cows; however it increased serum estradiol and progesterone levels due to increased follicle size and corpus luteum functionality, respectively.Öğe Effect of Anti-TNF-alpha on the Development of Offspring and Pregnancy Loss During Pregnancy in Rats(UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2016) Er, Ayse; Aydin, Ibrahim; Dik, BurakBackground: Etanercept binds soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and is classified as pregnancy risk category B. Increase in TNF-alpha level causes preterm labour or miscarriage. Lipopolysaccharides trigger preterm birth and abortion via producing of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cytokines are divided into two groups as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. TNF-alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, whereas interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. IL-10 predominant in normal pregnancy while TNF-alpha characterize in abortion and recurrent abortion. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of etanercept on the development of offspring and lipopolysaccharide-induced pregnancy loss. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-eight female and 7 male Wistar rats (5-6 months old) were used in this study. The rats were fed a standard pelleted diet and tap water ad libitum. After female rats were caged with males for 1 day, the presence of a vaginal plug was designated as day 0 of pregnancy. Twenty-eight pregnant Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups, as follows: control (0.3 mL of Normal Saline Solution intravenously on day 10 of pregnancy); etanercept (0.8 mg kg(-1)/day intraperitoneally on days 9 and 10 of pregnancy); lipopolysaccharide (160 mu g kg(-1) intravenously on day 10 of pregnancy); and etanercept + lipopolysaccharide. Blood samples were obtained from the tail vein on day 10 of pregnancy (3 h after lipopolysaccharide administration). All animals were followed during pregnancy. Pregnancy rates and offspring characteristics were determined. TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels were measured using an ELISA reader. Etanercept alone did not have any negative effects, and etanercept did not prevent (P < 0.05) lipopolysaccharide-induced pregnancy loss. Higher TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels were measured (P < 0.05) in the etanercept + lipopolysaccharide group compared to other groups. Discussion: It is well known that use of etanercept does not increase pregnacy loss. In this study, higher pregnancy rates were determined in the control and etanercept groups than the lipopolysaccharide and etanercept + lipopolysaccharide groups. The proportion of fetal deaths in lipopolysaccharide administered pregnant subjects was decreased by the use of anti-TNF-alpha agents. While the concentrations of TNF-alpha are low in the onset of pregnancy period, the concentrations of TNF-alpha increases a peak level during the onset of labour. Embryonic resorption is affected by Th1 cytokines (TNF-alpha and lL-2) and low-dose lipopolysaccharide without any affecting mother survival, and in the early pregnancy term, the implantation area of embryo is enormously sensitive to these molecules. In the current study, etanercept increased the concentration of TNF-alpha and the concentration of IL-10 when compared to the lipopolysaccharide group. IL-10 has a protective role, while TNF-alpha is an abortive factor during pregnancy. Thus, etanercept did not prevent pregnancy loss. This finding may have reflected an insufficient dose of etanercept. Adverse effects did not occur in the offspring of the etanercept or control groups, and there was no difference between the two groups statistically. Adverse pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth, low birth weight, spontaneous abortion and herediter malformations are not associated with TNF-alpha inhibitors. In conclusion, etanercept does not pose a major teratogenic risk and has no preventive effects with respect to infection-dependent pregnancy loss.Öğe Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Subclinical Mastitis Pathogens Isolated from Hair Goats' Milk(MEDWELL ONLINE, 2009) Aydin, Ibrahim; Kav, Kursat; Celik, Haci AhmetAim of this study, was to identify the pathogens responsible for subclinical mastitis in hair goats and to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. Total 700 milk samples from clinically healthy half udders of 350 lactating hair goats were collected and examined. The isolates were identified by conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using disk diffusion method. Of the 700 milk samples examined, 60 (8.6%) were subclinically infected. Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus were the main species of microorganisms isolated. The CNS were the most common pathogen in this study with an prevalence of 50%. CNS were generally resistant to lactam antibiotics, while S. aureus and Streptococcus sp. were susceptible to lactams. Although, CNS and S. aureus were susceptible to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, erythromycin, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, lincomycin, oxytetracycline and florfenicol, Streptococcus sp. were susceptible, to lactams, aminoglycosides, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, erythromycin, oxytetracycline and florfenicol. As results, it may be stated that antimicrobial drug susceptibility tests in subclinical mastitis of the hair goats should be done before the treatments.Öğe Isolation of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus From Caprine Mastitis Cases(Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Aras, Zeki; Aydin, Ibrahim; Kav, KursatThere is no report on isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains from mastitis infection in goats. This study reports two MRSA strains that were isolated from caprine mastitis. A total of 42 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains collected from caprine mastitis cases between 2008 and 2009 were examined. Two (4.8%) out of 42 S. aureus strains were identified as MRSA by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and mecA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Based on the coa gene polymorphism, the goat strains were grouped into 6 types. By using rapid amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay, 10 different patterns were obtained from 42 S. aureus strains, and strains were located in 6 sub-groups. A total of 71% (n = 30) of the strains were clustered in one main group and placed 4 sub-groups by RAPD assay. The two MRSA strains produced identical patterns and distinguished from other S. aureus strains by RAPD method. This paper is the first report of MRSA isolation from caprine clinical mastitis cases.Öğe A novel polymerase chain reaction to detect brucella canis in dogs(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2015) Aras, Zeki; Taspinar, Mehmet; Aydin, IbrahimIn this study, the specific polymerase chain reaction has been standardized and evaluated for the direct diagnosis of Brucella canis in vaginal swab samples from dogs. The specific primer sets are directed to the 16S-23S rRNA inter-space region of Brucella spp. and the deletion of 351 bp in BMEI1426-BMEI1427 in B. canis. A total of 21 references and field strains and 35 vaginal swab samples were used for the evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction. It found that polymerase chain reaction is positive for B. canis DNA indicated by only amplification of 214 bp product. It detected at least 2.7 x 10(1) CFU/g of bacteria diluted in vaginal swab samples indicates that the polymerase chain reaction can be used as a practical alternative for bacterial isolation. The novel polymerase chain reaction provides a simple and rapid for the detection of B. canis in clinical and field samples in one step and in short time about 24 h.Öğe The proportion and the distribution of t-lymphocytes, null lymphocytes and acid phosphatase positive lymphocytes of the peripheral blood and endometrium in pregnant mice(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2014) Sur, Emrah; Oznurlu, Yasemin; Ozaydin, Tugba; Celik, Ilhami; Aydin, Ibrahim; Kadiralieva, NaristeThis study was performed to determine the effects of pregnancy on the proportion of T-lymphocytes, null lymphocytes and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) positive peripheral blood lymphocytes and the distribution of the mentioned cells in the decidua basalis region of endometrium in the pregnant mice. For this purpose, mice at 12-14 weeks of age were divided into four groups as non-pregnant control, and at the middle of the first, second, and the third week of the pregnancy, corresponding to early, middle, and late (3rd, 10th, and 17th days of pregnancy) gestational stages respectively (n = 6 for each group). The lowest T-lymphocytes percentage was determined at early and middle pregnancy in the peripheral blood (43.83%) and decidua basalis (10.83 number/0.1 mm(2)), respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in the proportions of the peripheral blood ACP-ase (+) lymphocytes (44.33%) at the mid-gestational period while the lowest ACP-ase positive lymphocyte numbers (5.50 number/0.1 mm(2)) in the decidua basalis was observed at early pregnancy. The highest null cell rates were found at early gestation either in the peripheral blood (11.50%) or in the decidua basalis (7.83 umber/0.1 mm(2)). The lowest percentage of peripheral blood lymphocyte (56.00%) was recorded at the early pregnancy. It was concluded that the number and the distribution of the lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte, null lymphocyte, and ACP-ase positive lymphocyte were affected by pregnancy although there were some differences among the gestational periods.Öğe Serum Non-Esterified Fatty Acids and Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Dairy Cows with Retained Placenta(UNIV AGRICULTURE, FAC VETERINARY SCIENCE, 2011) Civelek, Turan; Aydin, Ibrahim; Cingi, C. Cagri; Yilmaz, Oktay; Kabu, MustafaThe objective of this study was to establish serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in postpartum retained placenta in cattle. Moreover, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), total proteins (TP), albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were evaluated. Blood samples were obtained from multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n=38) with retained placenta between 12 to 24 hours after calving (Group 2). Clinically healthy multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n=6) calved approximately 7 days prior to the study served as control (Group 1). Concentration of TG, LDL, VLDL, ALB, BUN, CHOL and GLU did not vary between groups. Cows with retained placenta (Group 2) had higher level of BHBA (P=0.041) and NEFA (P=0.05) than control group. HDL and TP serum levels in cows with retained placenta were significantly lower than control cows. It was concluded that retained placenta could be associated with energy metabolism imbalance and postpartum negative-energy balance. (C) 2011 PVJ. All rights reservedÖğe SERUM OXIDATIVE STATUS AND ADENOSINE DEAMINASE ACTIVITY IN DOGS WITH TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOUR(NATL VETERINARY RESEARCH INST, 2009) Aydin, Ibrahim; Bulbul, Aziz; Avci, Gulcan Erbil; Celik, Haci AhmetTen adult healthy hitches and 10 bitches with transmissible venereal tumour were investigated. Scrum malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, retinol, beta-carotene, adenosine deaminase activity, oestradiol-17 beta. progesterone, and cortisol were determined. Oxidative damage and increased adenosine deaminase activity were (P<0.05) demonstrated in bitches with the tumour compared to healthy bitches. In conclusion, antioxidant supplementation may be useful in the treatment of bitches with transmissible venereal tumour.Öğe Ultrasonographic evaluation of age related influence on the teat canal and the effect of this influence on milk yield in Brown Swiss cows(NATL VETERINARY RESEARCH INST, 2008) Celik, Haci Ahmet; Aydin, Ibrahim; Colak, Mehmet; Sendag, Sait; Dinc, Dursun AliA total of 400 teat canals were investigated with a linear array ultrasound probe. The teat canal was observed as a hyperechogenic line at the tip of the teat. Twenty percent of the examined teat canals showed a crooked course, whereas in 80%, a linear course was observed. There was no statistically significant difference among teats of crooked teat canal and lateral aspects of teats. The mean length of teat canal was found to be 1 1.51 +/- 0.01 min. It was demonstrated that the length of the teat canal and milk yield were affected by the animals' age. The teat canals were the shortest in young cows and these cows showed the highest milk yield. On the other hand, older cows with the longest teat canals showed the least milk yield. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic examination was effective in teat canal imaging and morphological assessment. The observation of the location of the canal within teats and its course was essential.
