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Öğe An application of bootstrap technique in animal science: Egg yolk color sample(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2015) Narinç, Doğan; Aygün, Ali; Küçükönder, Hande; Aksoy, Tülin; Gürcan, Eser KemalIn this study, it was aimed to introduce the Bootstrap technique and to reveal the relationship between measurements of yolk color fan grades and digital colorimeter that is used for determining the yellow color of egg by utilizing this technique. For this purpose, a total of 1350 samples of 15 color grades of Roche yolk color fan and L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness) values in the same samples were compared. The means, standard errors and confidence intervals for each color parameters of fan grades have been demonstrated by the Bootstrap technique. The grades of Roche yolk color fan in terms of L* values have been divided into 10 groups (P < 0.01), while only divided into 9 groups in terms of b* values (P < 0.01). According to the means of Redness (a*), all of the Roche yolk color fan grades (15 grades) have been determined as independent from each other (P < 0.01). With the Bootstrap method, the standard error values of means were decreased by 42.03%, 35.38% and 30.24%, respectively, and the confidence intervals were narrowed by the ratio of 42.03%, 35.38% and 30.24%, respectively. The results of the study were compared with the results of the study that was conducted by using Roche yolk color fan which is cheaper but less reliable and by using digital colorimeter method which is expensive but reliable.Öğe Effects of High Light Intensity on Egg Weight Loss, Hatchability, Embryonic Mortality, and Supply Organ Weight at Hatch in Quail Hatching Eggs During Incubation(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019) Kaya, Talha Seçim; Aygün, AliThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of high light intensity on egg weight loss, hatchability, embryonic mortality, and supply organ weights at hatch in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. A total of 640 hatching eggs were randomly distributed into 2 groups. The first group of eggs were continuously incubated in the dark (Control; C), the second group of eggs were incubated in continuous light(L), the third group of eggs were incubated in the dark for the first five days of incubation (D5), and the last group were incubated in the light for the first five days in the eggs (L5). The light intensity at the surface of the eggshell varied from 5000 to 6000 lux as measured with a luxmeter. No significant differences were found in egg weight loss, hatchability, and supply organ weight among treatments. Embryonic mortality were higher in the L5 group than in the control group at 10 to 16 days of incubation. These results demonstrate that high light application during incubation affected the embryonic mortality negatively except hatchability and egg weight loss.Öğe Effects of High Light Intensity on Incubation Results in Quail Hatching Eggs During Incubation Period(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2018) Maman, Abdoulaziz Hamissou; Aygün, Ali; Yıldırım, İskenderThe purpose of this experiment was to establish the effects of high light intensity application during embryogenesis on incubation results in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. A total of 360 hatching eggs were randomly divided into 2 groups. The quail eggs (n= 360) were incubated continuously in the dark (Control; C) and in continuous light at 2900 lux (Light; L) during the first 14 days of incubation. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in hatchability and embryonic mortality among treatments groups. The incubation time in the light-treated group was shorter than C group. The higher hatch was observed in L group at 390 to 416 h of incubation period than the C group (P<0.01). No significant differences were found between C and L group at other hatching times. These results demonstrate that continuous high light application during incubation affected the hatch time positively without adversely affecting hatchability or embryonic mortality.Öğe Effects of In-Ovo Injection of Manganese on Some Organ Weights and Lengths in Quail Hatching Eggs(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2018) Şentürk, Esra Tuğçe; Aygün, Ali; Olgun, Osman; Yıldız, Alp ÖnderThis study investigated the effects of in-ovo injection of manganese on some organ weights and length in quail hatching (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. In total, 400 quail hatching eggs were randomly divided into four treatment groups of 100 eggs per treatment with four replicates of 25 eggs each. On the 14th day of incubation, eggs from group 1 were not injected (control(C)), group 2 was injected with Mn-bioplex at 20 µg per egg (Mn20), group 3 was injected with Mn-bioplex at 40 µg per egg (Mn40), and group 4 was injected with Mn-bioplex at 80 µg per egg (Mn80). There were no significant differences among treatments for chick weight, yolk sac weight, liver weight, and heart weight. The highest chick length was obtained from the C treatment. No significant differences were found in chick length among Mn treatment groups. The beak length of C treatment were lower compares with that of the Mn80 treatment group (P<0.05). But no significant differences were observed in beak length among Mn treatments groups. The leg length in C group was significantly lower than Mn40 and Mn80 treatments groups, except Mn20 treatment group (P<0.01). As a result, it can be said that injection of Mn into the hatching quail eggs causes the chick and leg lengths to decrease, and beak length to increase without affecting the weight parameters examined.Öğe Egg shell quality in Japanese quail: characteristics, heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic relationships(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2015) Narinc, Doğan; Aygün, Ali; Karaman, E.; Aksoy, TülinThe objective of the present study was to estimate heritabilities as well as genetic and phenotypic correlations for egg weight, specific gravity, shape index, shell ratio, egg shell strength, egg length, egg width and shell weight in Japanese quail eggs. External egg quality traits were measured on 5864 eggs of 934 female quails from a dam line selected for two generations. Within the Bayesian framework, using Gibbs Sampling algorithm, a multivariate animal model was applied to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for external egg quality traits. The heritability estimates for external egg quality traits were moderate to high and ranged from 0.29 to 0.81. The heritability estimates for egg and shell weight of 0.81 and 0.76 were fairly high. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between egg shell strength with specific gravity, shell ratio and shell weight ranging from 0.55 to 0.79 were relatively high. It can be concluded that it is possible to determine egg shell quality using the egg specific gravity values utilizing its high heritability and fairly high positive correlation with most of the egg shell quality traits. As a result, egg specific gravity may be the choice of selection criterion rather than other external egg traits for genetic improvement of egg shell quality in Japanese quails.Öğe Farklı yumurtacı hibritlerin, yem çekmeli ve çekmesiz zorlamalı tüy dökümü programlarına, yumurta verim ve kalite performansları bakımından tepkileri üzerine araştırmalar(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007-05-04) Aygün, Ali; Yetişir, RamazanBu araştırma, yonca unu katkılı ve arpa esaslı (AE; % 70 arpa, % 27 yonca unu), kepek esaslı (KE; % 32 kepek, %44 mısır ve % 21 yonca unu) ve yulaf esaslı (YE; % 70 yulaf, % 27 yonca unu) üç adet yem çekmesiz ve 1 adet yem çekmeli (YÇ, kontrol) olmak üzere toplam 4 adet zorlamalı tüy döküm programının, 57 haftalık yaştaki kahverengi (H&N Brown Nick) ve beyaz (Hy-Line, W-36) yumurtacı hibritlerde yumurta verim ve kalite performansları üzerine etkilerini incelenmek üzere yapılmıştır. Zorlanım periyodunda adlibitum olarak yedirilen yemler, tuz ihtiva etmeyen, % 10 ve daha fazla ham selüloz ihtiva eden, Ca' ca düşük (%1), fakat enerji (2200-2500 kcal/kg) ve protein (%11-13) bakımından orta seviyede, aminoasit ve vitaminlerce dengeli ve en düşük maliyetli olarak hazırlanmıştır. Verim döneminde tüm deneme gruplarına yumurta tavuk yemi (% 15.5 HP; 2800 kcal/kg, ME) yedirilmiştir. YÇ grubunda, tavuklar 8 gün aç bırakıldıktan sonra, zorlanım periyodu sonuna kadar dinlendirme yemi (HP %13, ME 2500 kcal/kg) verilmiştir. Zorlanım periyodunda su tüm gruplara serbest olarak verilmiştir. Çalışmada, 4'er tekerrür ve her tekerrürde 20 tavuk olmak üzere toplam 640 adet tavuk kullanılmıştır. Muamelelerin alt gruplara dağıtımı rastgele yapılmış ve iki faktörlü (2x4) tesadüf parselleri deneme planı uygulanmıştır. Aydınlatma süresi zorlanım periyodunda 10 saat/gün olarak uygulanmış olup, periyot sonundan itibaren 16 saat/gün aydınlık oluncaya kadar her hafta 30 dakika artırılmıştır. Araştırma, 6 haftası zorlanım periyodu, 40 haftası da verim dönemi olmak üzere toplam 46 hafta sürdürülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; zorlanım periyodunda genotipin, canlı ağırlık kaybı (CAK) (P<0.05), yem tüketimi, tavuk-gün yumurta verimi (adet, %), % kırık yumurta oranı ve heterofil:lenfosit (H:L) oranı üzerine etkisi önemli (P<0.01) çıkmıştır. Zorlanım programlarının, CAK, yem tüketimi, tavuk-gün yumurta verimi (adet, %), pankreas oranı (%) üzerine etkisi önemli (P<0.01) olmuştur. Zorlanım periyodu sonunda, yem çekmesiz programlarda zorlanım periyodu öncesine göre H:L oranı iki katına (0.34, 0.67) çıkarken, yem çekmeli programda (8. gün) 4 katına (0.34, 1.26) çıkmıştır. Verim döneminde; AE, YÇ, KE ve YE programlarda tavuk-gün yumurta verimi (adet) sırasıyla 199.61, 208.88, 202.76 ve 209.71 adet (P<0.05); yine tavuk- gün yumurta verimi (%) % 71.29, 74.60, 72.42 ve 74.90 (P<0.05); tavuk-kümes yumurta verimi 198.08, 205.74, 200.41 ve 201.87 adet; tavuk-kümes yumurta verimi % 70.74, 73.48, 71.58 ve 72.10; tavuk başına üretilen toplam yumurta kitlesi 13.561, 14.108, 13.837 ve 14.107 kg; kırık yumurta oranı % 1.52, 2.07, 1.62 ve 1.47; yumurta ağırlığı 67.95, 67.54, 68.25 ve 67.25 g; yem tüketimi 118.56, 121.53, 118.24 ve 122.40 g; yem değerlendirme katsayısı (g yem/ g yum.) 1.75, 1.80, 1.73 ve 1.82 (P<0.05); yaşama gücü % 97.92, 96.53, 96.53 ve 93.05 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, incelenen kalite kriterlerinden ak yüksekliği 7.22, 7.03, 7.19 ve 7.21 mm (P<0.05); Haugh Birimi 81.97, 80.92, 81.89 ve 82.20 (P<0.05); kabuk ağırlığı 6.80, 6.70, 6.81 ve 6.74 g (P<0.05); kabuk kalınlığı 0.342, 0.341, 0.343 ve 0.343 mm; şekil indeksi % 76.94, 76.69, 76.77 ve 76.68; özgül ağırlık ise 1.081, 1.080, 1.081 ve 1.081 g/cm3 olarak bulunmuştur. Tüm bu verim ve kalite kriterleri incelendiğinde, yem çekmesiz programlardan özellikle YE, YÇ zorlanım programına alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır. Ancak, diğer yem çekmesiz programlarla (KE ve AE) da başarılı bir şekilde tüy dökümü yapılabileceği belirlenmiştir.Öğe I?kinci Verim Yılını Tamamlamış, Beyaz ve Kahverengi Yumurtacı Tavuk Karkaslarına, Bitkisel Orijinli Proteolitik Enzim Uygulamalarının, Bazı Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkisi(2010) Karakaya, Mustafa; Yetişir, Ramazan; Aygün, Ali; Yılmaz, Mustafa T.; Tiske, Sümeyra S.İkinci verim yılını tamamlamış (1010 ay), beyaz (LSL) ve kahverengi yumurtacı (Brown Nick) tavukların karkasları, I.Grup (Kontrol), II.Grup (% 0.15 Bromelin), III.Grup (% 0.15 Ficin), IV.Grup (% 0.15 Papain) ve V.Grup (% 0.15 Enzim Karışımı Bromelin Ficin Papain eşit oranlarda) olacak şekilde proteolitik enzim ilave edilerek hazırlanmış çözelti içerisine daldırıp, bir saat süreyle bekletilmiştir. Her bir muamele için 5 tavuğa ait göğüs ve but eti örneklerinde sertlik, pH, renk (L*, a*, b*) değerleri ve tüm karkası temsil edecek şekilde hazırlanan örneklerde pişirme kayıpları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler tesadüf parsellerinde faktöriyel deneme desenine göre (2x5) analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre; beyaz yumurtacı göğüs ve but etlerinin pH değerleri, kahverengi yumurtacılardan daha yüksek (P0.05), but etlerinin pH değerleri ise göğüs etlerinden daha yüksek (P0.05) bulunmuştur. Genel olarak, enzim uygulaması göğüs ve but etlerinin pH değerlerini düşürmüş ve en fazla düşüş paçal şeklinde hazırlanmış enzim çözeltisi uygulanan göğüs etlerinde gerçekleşmiştir. Diğer taraftan, enzim uygulamasının göğüs etlerinin gevrekliğini artırdığı (P0.01) belirlenmiştir. Renk bakımından, beyaz yumurtacıların göğüs ve but etlerinin a* ve b* değerleri, kahverengi yumurtacılara göre daha yüksek (P0.01) bulunmuştur. Pişirme kayıpları Ficin enzimi uygulanmasında kontrole göre, önemli ölçüde azalmıştır (P0.05). Elde edilen bulgular, özellikle ekonomik ömrünü tamamlamış, beyaz ve kahverengi yumurtacı çıkma tavuk etlerinin, ileri işlenmiş ürünlerin üretiminde (sosis, salam gibi) kullanma, pişirme kayıplarını (fireyi) azaltma ve bu etleri hammadde olarak kullanacak et işletmelerinin karlılığı açısından oldukça önemlidir.Öğe Japanese quail meat quality: Characteristics, heritabilities, and genetic correlations with some slaughter traits(POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC, 2013) Narinç, Doğan; Aksoy, Tülin; Karaman, Emre; Aygün, Ali; Fırat, Mehmet Ziya; Uslu, Mustafa KemalThe aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of several breast meat quality traits and their genetic relationships with some slaughter traits [BW, breast yield (BRY), and abdominal fat yield (AFY)]. In total, 1,093 pedigreed quail were slaughtered at 35 d of age to measure BRY, AFY, and breast meat quality traits [ultimate pH (pHU), Commission Internationale d'Eclairage color parameters (L*, lightness; a*, redness; and b*, yellowness), thawing and cooking loss (TL and CL, respectively), and Warner-Bratzler shear value (WB)]. The average pHU, L*, a*, and b* were determined to be 5.94, 43.09, 19.24, and 7.74, respectively. In addition, a very high WB average (7.75 kg) indicated the firmness of breast meat. High heritabilities were estimated for BW, BRY, and AFY (0.51, 0.49, and 0.35). Genetic correlations of BW between BRY and AFY were found to be high (0.32 and 0.58). On the other hand, the moderate negative relationship between BRY and AFY (-0.24) implies that selection for breast yield should not increase abdominal fat. The pHU was found to be the most heritable trait (0.64), whereas the other meat quality traits showed heritabilities in the range of 0.39 to 0.48. Contrary to chickens, the genetic correlation between pHU and L* was low. The pHU exhibited a negative and high correlation with BW and AFY, whereas L* showed a positive but smaller relationship with these traits. Moreover, pHU exhibited high negative correlations (-0.43 and -0.62) with TL and WB, whereas L* showed a moderate relationship (0.24) with CL. This genetic study confirmed that the multi-trait selection could be used to improve meat quality traits. Further, the ultimate pH of breast meat is a relevant selection criterion due to its strong relationships with either water-holding capacity and texture or low abdominal fatness.Öğe Siyah-alaca ineklerinde eksojen hormon (GnRH-PGF2α-hCG kombinasyonu) uygulaması ile üremenin denetlenmesi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2004-01-14) Aygün, Ali; Yıldırım, İskenderBu araştırmada, Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Hayvancılık İşletmesi'nde yetiştirilen Siyah-Alaca ineklerde eksojen hormon uygulanarak üremenin denetim altına alınması dolayısıyla servis peryodunu optimum sınırlar içinde tutulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada servis peryodu, gebelik oranı ve gebelik basma tohumlama sayısı hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, servis peryodu 121.8 ± 25.7 gün, 1., 2. ve 3. tohumlamalardan elde edilen gebelik oranları sırasıyla %40, %33,3 ve %100, gebelik basma tohumlama sayısı da 2.00 olarak tespit edilmiştir.Öğe The use of propolis extract for the storage of quail eggs(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2015) Akpınar, Gülşen Çopur; Canoğulları, Sibel; Baylan, Mikail; Alaşahan, Sema; Aygün, AliThis study was carried out to evaluate the use of propolis extract on egg storage time of table quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) eggs. Propolis is a sticky, resinous, dark-colored material that honey bees collect from young plants. In the experiment, 600 quail eggs were used and eggs were coated with various concentrations of propolis extract (0%: group I, 5%: group II, 10%: group III, 15%: group IV) and treated with 70% ethyl alcohol (group V). A 5-week storage period was implemented, and 120 eggs were used for each group. Consequently, the effects of storage time and shell treatments on storage time and the effects of treatments on the interior quality of eggs were determined. The results of the study confirmed highly significant differences between weekly changes in egg weight loss, albumen-yellow indexes, and Haugh units (P < 0.001). While the difference in yolk index between groups was insignificant, the difference between groups with respect to albumen index (P < 0.001), Haugh units (P < 0.001) albumen pH (P < 0.001), and egg weight loss (P < 0.001) were significant. The significance of the overall difference with regard to Haugh units varied among groups; for example, group IV showed the highest value of 87.73%, followed by group III (87.69%), group II (86.97%), group V (85.53%), and group I (85.21%). Albumen pH levels were increased with increasing storage time for each treatment group. The best egg protection results in terms of interior quality were obtained in eggs coated with 10% and 15% propolis extract during storage.
