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Antioxidant potential, mineral contents and fatty acid composition of rose, blackberry and redberry fruits
(AGRIMEDIA GMBH, 2016) Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Uslu, Nurhan; Özcan, Mehmet Musa
Studeis relating to finding out such plant materials and fruits containing natural antioxidants and high quality nutrients have been increasing in recent years. Rose, blackberry and redberry fruits were evaluated for total phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, minerals and fatty acids composition. The total phenol contents of fruits varied between 112 mg GAE/ioog (ripened rose seed (RS)) and 702 mg GAE/loo g (redberry); flavonoid ranged from 25 (ripened RS) to 184 (redberry). The Redberry (81.64%) and blackberry (76.28%) fruits showed highest free radical scavenging abilities. Among minerals, P contents of samples ranged from 615.80 mg/Kg (blackberry) to 2208.08 mg/kg (redberry), K contents were found between 193.27 mg/loog (raw RS) and 18342.12 mg/kg (raw RF). Gallic acid contents significantly varied (p < 0.05) and ranged from 0.36 mg/kg in redberry to 4.97 mg/kg in blackberry. Oleic acid contents of oil samples were 12.29% (ripened RS) and 59.5o% (raw rose fruit (RF)). Lin oleic acid contents of samples ranged between 19.66% (raw RE) and 48.77% (raw RS). Rose, blackberry and raspberry fruits can serve as potential nutrient and natural antioxidant sources that can be utilized for nutraceutical and functional foods development.
Bioactive properties and phenolic compounds in bud, sprout, and fruit of Capparis spp. plants
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020) Ghafoor K.; Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Uslu, Nurhan; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Mohamed Ahmed I.A.
In this study, changes in bioactive properties and phenolic compounds of different caper parts were reported. Total phenolic contents of C. ovata and C. spinosa plants varied between 175.35 mgGAE/100 g (fruit) and 518.4 mgGAE/100 g (small bud) to 143.58 mgGAE/100 g (fruit and 597.57 mgGAE/100 g (small bud), respectively. While total flavonoid contents of C. ovata parts vary between 9.12 mg/g (fruit) and 37.22 mg/g (small bud), total flavonoid contents of C. spinosa parts changed between 7.43 mg/g (fruit) and 62.39 mg/g (small bud). Antioxidant activity values of C. ovata and C. spinosa parts varied between 53.43% (sprout) and 76.40% (medium bud) to 50.51% (fruit) and 76.65% (medium bud), respectively. While (+) catechin contents of C. ovata parts change between 22.16 mg/100 g (fruit) and 149.13 mg/100 g (small bud), (+)-catechin contents of C. spinosa parts varied between 65.50 mg/100 g (fruit) and 99.29 mg/100 (small bud). 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene contents of C. ovata ranged from 33.4 mg/100 g (fruit) to 142.41 mg/100 g (small bud) while 1,2-dihydroxybenzene contents of C. spinosa parts are found between 75.17 mg/100 g (fruit) and 127.32 mg/100 g (medium bud). Practical applications: Caper plant grows at the most countries of Africa, Asia, and South European. Capers have very important roles for beneficial natural components in the food industry. Caper buds and fruits are used for human nutrition. It is utilized to prepare salada as a culinary herb. Caper has pungent and bitter flavor, and are used as an appetizer with olives, cheese, and nuts. There are a significant increase in the interest of bioactive compounds from plant products. Curative and medicinal properties of capers are linked to the presence of bioactive compounds. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioactive properties, fatty acid compositions, and phenolic compounds of some date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars
(WILEY, 2020) Al-Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Uslu, Nurhan; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Ahmed, Isam A. Mohamed
The antioxidant activity values and total phenol contents of date flesh samples changed between 6.61 (Osailah)-10.72% (Rothanh Qassim) and 50.64 (Osailah)-98.61 mgGAE/100 g (Rothanh Qassim), respectively. Hence cultivars showed significant (p < .05) variations. Among phenolic compounds, gallic acid contents of date flesh varied between 1.61 (Sbakah) and 11.23 mg/100 g (Rushudiah), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid between 0.30 (Rushudiah) and 2.68 mg/100 g (Rothanh Qassim), and (+)-catechin between 0.29 (Osailah) and 2.98 mg/100 g (Nabtat Ali). Fatty acid composition of date flesh showed palmitic acid changing from 12.77 (Osailah) to 16.04% (Rothans Qassim), elaidic acid from 39.21 (Osailah) to 67.99% (Sbakah), and linoleic acid from 11.61 (Sbakah) to 18.95% (Osailah). Crude protein contents of date flesh samples were between 2.06 (Nabtat Ali) and 16.67% (Osailah). Ca, K, Mg, and P were the major elements in date fruits. Ca, K, and P contents of date flesh samples were found between 10.90 (Sbakah)-237.18 mg/kg (Rushudiah), 54.17 (Rothanh Qassim)-214.66 mg/kg (Rushudiah), and 8.24 (Nabtat Ali)-26.77 mg/kg (Rushudiah), respectively. Practical applications The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the mankind's oldest cultivated plants. The date derivatives are rich in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Date flesh has nutritive components as potentially active antioxidant phytochemicals. The date has been an important crop in the desert regions of Arabian countries. Dates are rich in certain nutrients and provide a good source of rapid energy.
The biochemical composition of the leaves and seeds meals of moringa species as non-conventional sources of nutrients
(WILEY, 2017) Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Matthaeus, Bertrand; Özcan, Mehmet Musa
Some physicochemical properties of the oil, crude protein, sugars, and amino acids of the leaves and seed meals of two Moringa species were determined and compared using Student's T-test. The oil properties and fatty acid composition were significantly (at either p <= .01 or p <= .05) varied between the two species. The sterols and tocopherols contents of the species oil differed significantly. Most of the sterols were not detected in Moringa oleifera oil. The sugars contents were significantly different between the two species. The protein contents of M. oleifera leaves and seed meals were significantly higher than those of Moringa peregrina. Compared with M. peregrina, the M. oleifera leaves and seed meals had significantly higher amounts of amino acids. The most concentrated amino acids in the M. oleifera leaves and seed meals were glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine whereas those in M. peregrina were threonine, serine, and proline.
Characterization of physico-chemical and bioactive properties of oils of some important almond cultivars by cold press and soxhlet extraction
(SPRINGER INDIA, 2020) Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Al-Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Özcan, Mustafa Mete
The oleic acid composition of almonds oils expressed by cold press varied from 73.56% in Cristomorto cultivar to 76.59% in Tuono while oleic acid in oils extracted by soxhlet method ranged from 71.86% in Cristomorto and 75.63% in Tuono cultivars. Also, oil from cold press extraction contained 19.51% and 21.86% linoleic acid for Ferragnes and Tuono almond cultivars, respectively, while 18.74 and 20.51% linoleic acid was recorded in Soxhlet extracted oil from Ferragnes and Tuono almonds, respectively. In addition, alpha-tocopherol contents of the oil samples varied significantly (p<0.05) from 14.18 to 16.86 mg/100 g in Tuono and 15.71-17.96 mg/100 g in Ferragnes for cold-press and soxhlet extracted oils, respectively. beta-Sitosterol composition of the oil obtained by cold press ranged from 157.94 (Tuono) and 171.68 mg/100 g (Cristomorto) while beta-sitosterol content varied from 148.91 (Tuono) and 159.68 mg/100 g (Cristomorto) for oil extracted by Soxhlet method.
Comparison of cold-pressing and soxhlet extraction systems for bioactive compounds, antioxidant properties, polyphenols, fatty acids and tocopherols in eight nut oils
(SPRINGER INDIA, 2018) Al-Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Hussain, Shahzad
Antioxidant activities of different nut oils ranged from 11.43 (peanut) to 65.58% (pistachio) in cold pressed oils whereas in case of soxhlet extracted oils they were in the range of 11.32 (hazelnut) to 51.28% (pistachio). beta-Carotene contents of oils obtained by cold pressing and soxhlet extraction changed between 7.53 (almond) and 13.58 A mu g/100 g (pistachio). The highest total phenol contents (2.36 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g) were observed in pistachio oils obtained by cold press. The oleic acid contents of cold pressed and soxhlet extracted oils were between 19.88 (walnut) and 69.43% (pecan) to 19.07 (walnut) and 68.53% (pecan), respectively. The linoleic acid contents of nut oils from cold press system vary between 12.78 (hazelnut) and 63.56% (walnut), whereas in case of soxhlet extraction, it changed between 11.78 (hazelnut) and 62.41% (walnut). The alpha-tocopherol contents of cold pressed nut oils changed between 0.07 (walnut) and 257.42 mg/kg (hazelnut) alpha-tocopherol contents of nut oils extracted by soxhlet extraction changed between 0.03 (pistachio) and 209.73 mg/kg (hazelnut). The catechin contents of cold pressed nut oils were between 0.56 (cashew) and 3.76 A mu g/100 g (pistachio), whereas that of soxhlet extracted oil varied between 0.64 (cashew) and 3.82 A mu g/100 g (cashew).
Determination of antioxidant activity, phenolic compound, mineral contents and fatty acid compositions of bee pollen grains collected from different locations
(RESEARCH INST POMOLOGY FLORICULTURE, DIV APICULTURE, 2019) Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Uslu, Nurhan; Ceylan, Durmuş Ali; Ghafoor, Kashif; Özcan, Mustafa Mete; Dursun, Nesim; Ahmed, Isam A. Mohamed; Jamiu, Fadimu Gbemisola; Alsawmahi, Omer N.
The objective of the present work was to investigate the influence of locations on bioactive propertiest, phenolic compounds and mineral contents of bee pollens. The oil content of pollen grains changed between 3.50% (Alanya) and 6.85% (Russia-Perm Region). The highest total phenolic content (720 mg/100g) and antioxidant activity values (81.4%) were observed in pollens obtained from the Russia-Perm Region and Alanya districts, respectively. Additionally, the highest carotenoid was found in a pollen sample collected from Karaman (Sanveliler) (98.6 mg/g). The major phenolic compounds were (+)-catechin (66.75-337.39 mg/100g) and quercetin (61.2-1221.7 mg/100g) in all pollen samples. The pollen samples were observed to be a significant source of potassium (3846-6287 mg/kg), phosphorus (2947-5010 mg/kg), calcium (1022-2424 mg/kg) and sulfur (1744-2397 mg/kg). All of the analysis results were significantly affected by supplying locations. The antioxidant activity values of pollens were found partly similar and varied depending on locations. The content of saturated fatty acid (palmitic) was high (20-30%) in the tested pollen samples but did not exceed the content of linoleic acid.
Determination of physicochemical properties of multifloral honeys stored in different containers
(WILEY, 2018) Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.
In comparison with the initial values, acidity and 5-(hydroxy-methyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF) values of all honey samples increased during storage. The total phenol contents of honey were decreased from 286.2 to 108.6 mg GAE/kg during 9 months of storage in white colored container. In addition, total phenol contents of honey sample stored in tin container ranged from 294.7 to 258.6 mg GAE/kg (p < .05). While radical scavenging activity values of honey samples stored in amber colored container during storage are measured as 78.6 g/L, IC50, 77.9 g/L, IC50, and 76.1 g/L, IC50, these activity values were determined as 84.9 g/L, IC50, 80.7 g/L, IC50, and 75.2 g/L, IC50 in tin container (p < .05), respectively. While acidity values of honey samples stored in white bottle range from 23.6 (3th month) to 25.7% (9th month), it varied from 20.6 (3th month) to 21.6% (9th month) in honey sample stored in amber colored container during storage. Practical applicationsDifferent honeys are produced in different parts of Turkey. The known honeys are pine, citrus, and chestnut honey. Various flower honeys are produced in these and other regions. HMF formation is considered as a bed result of storage and heating.
Distribution of heavy metal and macroelements of Indian and imported cigarette brands in Turkey
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2019) Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Uslu, Nurhan; Ghafoor, Kashif; Ahmed, Isam A. Mohamed; Babiker, Elfadil E.
While Cd contents of cigarettes are determined between 0.44 (C8) and 1.55 mg/kg (C7), Co contents of cigarette samples varied between 0.26 (B5) and 2.19 mg/kg (B3). Also, while Cr contents of tested cigarettes are determined between 0.88 mg/kg (C5) and 1.72 mg/kg (B2), Mo contents of cigarettes ranged from 0.39 (C7) to 1.13 mg/kg (B2). In addition, Cu contents of cigarettes varied between 10.36 (C11) and 30.47 mg/kg (C18), while Fe contents of cigarette samples range between 306.03 (C5) and 595.42 mg/kg (C16). In addition, while Ni contents of cigarettes vary between 1.00 (C7) and 3.17 mg/kg (C1), Pb contents of brands varied between 0.16 (B4) and 7.37 mg/kg (B1). In general, Indian and imported cigarette samples used in Turkey are rich in Ca, K, Mg, P, and S. In Indian samples, B4 and B5 cigarette samples contained lower heavy metals compared with other cigarettes.
The effect of Acacia nilotica seed extract on the physicochemical, microbiological and oxidative stability of chicken patties
(SPRINGER INDIA, 2019) Babiker, Elfadil E.; Al-Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Alqah, Hesham A.; Adisa, Abdulraheem R.; Adiamo, Oladipupo Q.; Ahmed, Isam A. Mohamed; Alsawmahi, Omer N.; Ghafoor, Kashif; Özcan, Mehmet Musa
The present study investigates the effect of Acacia seed water extract (ASWE) at four levels (0, 50, 100, 150mg/100mL) in triplicate batch on the shelf-life and quality of chicken patties. Flavones, mainly (+)-catechin, were the predominant phenolic compounds in ASWE with high antioxidant activity. ASWE showed greater inhibition effects against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria. ASWE incorporation had no significant effects on the chemical composition of chicken patties. The microbial load, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of chicken patties significantly decreased (P <= 0.05) and reached minimum values at 150mg/100mL but the pH decreased slightly. The cooking properties were significantly improved (P <= 0.05) at 150mg/100mL. Moreover, ASWE at high level (150mg/100mL) significantly (P <= 0.05) enhanced total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity of chicken patties. The results showed that chicken patties with ASWE had better quality attributes compared to the unformulated. Shelf-life of chicken patties can therefore be prolonged for 15days in refrigerated storage using ASWE especially at high concentration (150mg/100mL).
Effect of Argel (Solenostemma argel) leaf powder on the quality attributes of camel patties during cold storage
(WILEY, 2018) Al-Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Mohamed Ahmed, Isam A.; Adiamo, Oladipupo Q.; Adisa, Abdulraheem R.; Ghafoor, Kashif; Ozcan, Mehmet M.; Babiker, Elfadil E.
The phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Argel leaf powder (ALP) and its effect on the quality attributes of camel patties were investigated. ALP contains substantial amounts of total phenolics (1,262.50mg GAE/100g), and anthocyanin (60.11 mu mol/g) and possesses high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity (86.85%). The major phenolic compounds in ALP were isorhamnetin, (+)-catechin, catechol, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Increasing the concentration of ALP in camel patties improved (p.05) the protein and fat contents, cooking yield, moisture and fat retention, total phenolic content, DPPH, redness (a), yellowness (b), pH, and microbiological stability, while the dimensional shrinkage, TBARS, and lightness (L) were reduced. Throughout the storage period, the ALP formulated camel patties revealed better stability of the physicochemical, oxidation, microbiological, and sensory attributes compared to nonformulated patties. Generally, the findings of this study proved the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of 4-6% ALP as a functional additive to preserve patties. Practical applicationsNatural herbs play an important role in preserving sensitive foods. Camel meat is highly subjected to microbial and chemical spoilage as they are rich in essential nutrients. The adverse effects of different chemical preservatives attract the consumer's attention to natural alternatives. Therefore, in order to increase the shelf life and quality characteristics of camel meat, new processing technologies and new ingredient systems that are associated with natural herbs are applied. These results showed that the potentiality of Argel powder in the development of novel healthy meat products with improved shelf life and superior product quality was high.
Effect of boiling on fatty acid composition and tocopherol content of hen, duck, and quail egg oils
(WILEY, 2019) Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Uslu, Nurhan; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Ahmed, Isam A. Mohamed; Alsawmahi, Omer N.
The palmitic acid contents of control groups varied between 22.96% (duck) and 25.09% (hen), while that of boiled egg oils are found between 22.93% (duck) and 23.72% (quail). Oleic acid contents of control group oils changed between 43.04% (quail) and 64.91% (duck) while that of boiled egg oils vary between 43.18% (quail) and 64.17% (duck). Linoleic acid contents of control groups and boiled egg oils changed between 4.34% (duck) and 23.24% (quail) to 5.31% (duck) and 19.81% (quail), respectively. While DL-alpha-tocopherol contents of raw (control) egg oils change between 16.92mg/100g (hen) and 26.16mg/100g (quail), DL-alpha-tocopherol contents of boiled egg oils were found between 20.47mg/100g(hen) and 72.26mg/100g (quail). beta-Tocopherol contents of raw egg and boiled egg oils were determined between 8.46mg/100g (hen) and 10.41mg/100g(duck) to 9.10 (hen) and 13.25mg/100g (quail), respectively. gamma-Tocopherol contents of boiled egg oils changed between 3.27mg/100g (duck) and 7.43mg/100g (quail). Practical applicationsEggs are consumed as breakfast foods, preparation of home meal, and also used as food ingredients. Among eggs from birds, those from hen and duck are the most common and also highly nutritious. Recently, there is an increase in the demand of functional foods by consumers that can prevent several diseases. Egg yolk oils are rich in bioactive compounds like unsaturated fatty acids, pigments, and oil-soluble vitamins.
Effect of date varieties on physico-chemical properties, fatty acid composition, tocopherol contents, and phenolic compounds of some date seed and oils
(WILEY, 2018) Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Adiamo, Oladipupo Q.; Alsawmahi, Omer N.; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.
The acid value of date seed oils were determined between 1.09mgKOH/g (Taleese) and 1.44mgKOH/g (Ghars). Iodine values of oil samples changed between 67.18gI(2)/100g (Allig) and 71.23gI(2)/100g (Deglet Nur) (p<.05). Oleic, linoleic, lauric, palmitic, myristic and stearic acids were the key fatty acids of date seed oils. Among fatty acids determined, oleic was the predominant fatty acid (39.7-49.7), followed by lauric (9.7-24.6%), myristic (7.3-12.8%), palmitic (7.8-14.2%), linoleic (6.2-17.3%) and stearic acids (1.3-4.9%) (p<.05). The predominant tocopherol was -tocotrienol (31.76-37.41mg/100g oil), followed by ?-tocopherol (7.61-11.84mg/100g), ?-tocotrienol (4.27-8.47mg/100g oil), -tocopherol (1.13-2.81mg/100g), and -tocopherol (0.69-1.33mg/100g oil) (p<.05). While gallic acid contents of date seeds change between 2.43 (Boufgous) and 6.91 (Dore), syringic acid contents changed between 1.28 (Talees) and 4.86 (Adwi) (p<.05). In addition, catechin contents of date seeds changed between 2.86 (Dora) and 7.23 (Ghars). Practical applicationsDate is an important plant in some countries. Date seed is a waste product of many date products such as pitted dates, date powders, date syrup, date juice, and date confectionery. The ground and roasted seeds are used as plain or mixed with coffee. In addition, date seeds are used for animal feed in the cattle, fish, sheep, camel, and poultry industries. Also, the date and their derivatives are rich in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and medicine.
The effect of different solvent types and extraction methods on oil yields and fatty acid composition of safflower seed
(JAPAN OIL CHEMISTS SOC, 2019) Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Uslu, Nurhan; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Ghafoor, Kashif; Ahmed, Isam A. Mohamed; Özcan, Mehmet Musa
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different extraction solvents (petroleum benzene, hexane, diethyl ether and acetone) and extraction methods (hot and cold) on oil yield of safflower seeds and its fatty acid compositions. Oil contents of safflower seeds extracted by hot extraction system were changed between 37.40% (acetone) and 39.53% (petroleum benzene), while that of cold extraction was varied between 39.96% (petroleum benzene) and 39.40% (diethyl ether). Regarding the extraction solvents, the highest oil yield (39.53%) was obtained with petroleum benzene, while the minimum value (37.40%) was found with acetone under hot extraction condition. The main fatty acids observed in all extracted oil samples were linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids. Oleic acid contents of safflower oils extracted by hot extraction system was ranged between 41.20% (acetone) and 42.54% (hexane), its content in oils obtained by cold extraction method was varied between 40.58% (acetone) and 42.10% (hexane and diethyl ether). Linoleic content of safflower oil extracted by hot extraction system was found between 48.23% (acetone) and 49.62% (hexane), while that oil extracted by cold method range from 48.07 (hexane) to 49.09% (acetone). The fatty acid composition of safflower seeds oil showed significant (p < 0.05) differences depending on solvent type and extraction method. The results of this study provide relevant information that can be used to improve organic solvent extraction processes of vegetable oil.
The effect of drying on phenolic compound, antioxidant activity, and mineral contents of leaves of different olive varieties
(WILEY, 2018) Akbaş, Ümmü Gülsüm; Uslu, Nurhan; Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Jamiu, Fadimu Gbemisola
The highest total phenol contents were found in olive leaves heated in microwave 540 W and athmospheric air. While the antioxidant activity of olive leaves heated in microwave 180 W change between 76.99% (Akdeniz Yerli) and 82.26% (Sari Ulak), antioxidant activity values of leave samples heated in microwave 360 W varied between 81.20% (Yaglik) and 82.24% (Gemlik). The highest p-coumaric acid (161.92 mgGAE/100g) and trans-ferulic acid (3,276.09 mg GAE/100g) were determined in Akdeniz yerli olive leaves dried in microwave 360 W. In addition, the highest oleuropein content (1,104.66 mg GAE/100g) was found in Akdeniz yerli olive leaves in control group. The Ca contents of olive leaves dried in microwave 540 W vary between 12,300.34 mg/kg (Akdeniz Yerli) and 16,437.52 mg/kg (Sari ulak), Ca contents of olive leaves dried in oven (70 degrees C) were changed between 10,188.19 mg/kg (Akdeniz yerli) and 16,801.42 mg/kg (Sari ulak) (p<.05).
The effect of harvest periods on chemical composition of essential oil of mint (Mentha spicoto L.) leaves
(Agrimedia, 2015) Figueredo G.; Chalchat J.C.; Chalard P.; Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Ghafoor K.; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Özcan, Mehmet Musa
The essential oils of mint leaves (Mentha spicata L.) cultivated in Middle Anatolia were extracted by hydrodistillation, and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The percentage yields of the essential oils of mint harvested in different months (from May to December) were 1.2 %, 2.5%. 2.75%,3.0%, 2.0%, 3.7%. 2.6% and 2.0%, respectively. The major constituents varied depend on harvest periods. The main constituents of mint oil were carvone (30.8-62.9%), dihydrocarveol (2.7%-22.4, iso dihydrocarvyle acetate (12-14.4%). limonene (5.2-17.2%) and eucalyptol among the months.
The effect of harvest time and varieties on total phenolics, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of olive fruit and leaves
(SPRINGER INDIA, 2019) Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Fındık, Selin; Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Adiamo, Oladipupo Q.
The effect of harvest periods on total phenol, antioxidant activity, individual phenolic compounds of fruit and leaves of Tavan Yurei, Memecik, Edremit, Ayvalk and Gemlik olive varieties grown in Turkey were investigated. The highest total phenol (317.70mg/100g and 2657.81mg/100g) were observed in Tavan Yurei olive fruit and Ayvalk leaves harvested in December, respectively. The highest antioxidant activities (83.84%) were determined in Edremit fruit harvested in August and 83.33% in either Edremit olive leaves harvested in November and Tavan Yurei leaves harvested in December. The olive fruit contained gallic acid ranging from 7.18mg/100g (August) to 35.85mg/100g (December) in case of Ayvalk and 2.09mg/100g (November) to 21.62mg/100g (December) in Edremit. Gemlik olives showed higher gallic acid contents compared to the other varieties, however it depended significantly on harvest time in all cases. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid contents ranged from 33.11mg/100g (October) to 25.17mg/100g (September) in Memecik olives; 12.17mg/100g (August) to 33.11mg/100g (December) in case of Tavan Yurei olives depending on harvest time. The 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid contents of Memecik leaves ranged between 122.25mg/100g (September) to 196.58mg/100g (August) and that of Tavan Yurei leaves changed between 99.38mg/100g (November) and 179.90mg/100g (August). The leaves of these two varieties contained significantly (p<0.01) higher 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid contents than other varieties. The highest gallic acid (144.83mg/100g) was detected in Memecik leaves (September) whereas lowest were found in Gemlik leaves collected in October.
The effect of harvest times on bioactive properties and fatty acid compositions of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-barbarica A. Berger) fruits
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2020) Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Ghafoor, Kashif; Uslu, Nurhan; Ahmed, Isam A. Mohamed; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Fadimu, Gbemisola J.
In the study, the impact of harvest time on total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-barbarica A. Berger) fruit pulp and the oil content and fatty acids profile of the seed were investigated. The highest total phenolic content was determined as 156.77 mg/100 g in July 1 harvest, while the maximum antioxidant activity and total oil content were found as 9.81% and 6.80% at the last stage of maturation (15 August), respectively. The highest oleic (28.51%), palmitic (22.61%) and stearic acid contents (9.20%) in seed oil were observed in June 15 harvest. The highest value for linoleic acid (57.50%) was detected in August 15 harvest. Prickly pear is a vital source of bioactive constituents such as phenolic and antioxidant substances in terms of being useful for human health and the optimum harvesting time to retain high quantities of most phenolic compounds is 1st July.
Effect of heating process on oil yield and fatty acid composition of wheat germ
(WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, 2015) Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Ghafoor, K.; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Uslu, Nurhan
In this study, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, total phenol and oil content of heat-treated wheat germs were investigated. Results of control samples were compared with heated wheat germs at different temperatures (100, 120, 150 and 180 degrees C) and times (5, 8 and 11 min). The maximum yield was obtained when heated at 120 degrees C/11 min with 7.293% and 120 degrees C/8 min with 7.256%, while the minimum oil content was observed at 100 degrees C/11 min with 5.794%. Linoleic, oleic acid and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids of wheat germ oil. The most dominant fatty acids of control samples were linoleic (58.382%), oleic acid (18.554%), palmitic acid (12.926%), and linolenic acid (6.848%). The fatty acid composition of wheat germ oil was not significantly affected by the heating treatment. On the other hand, a decrease was observed in antioxidant activity of heated samples. Wheat germ had the highest total phenol content.
Effect of location on chemical properties, amino acid and fatty acid compositions of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed and oils
(WILEY, 2018) Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Şimşek, Şenay; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.
Oil contents of samples were found low, and varied between 5.06 and 6.33%. In addition, crude fiber contents of seeds changed between 9.25 and 10.35%. Sugar compositions of fenugreek seeds changed according to locations. While fructose contents of seeds change between 1.62 and 3.06%, stachyose contents of samples ranged from 1.29 to 2.12%. While aspartic acid contents of fenugreek change between 2.65 and 3.31%, glutamic acid contents of samples were found between 3.79 and 4.82%. While linoleic acid contents of fenugreek seed oils change between 35.14 and 41.04%, linolenic acid contents of oils varied from 16.97 to 25.66%. Oleic acid contents of seed oils ranged from 11.8 to 19.93% (p<.05). Practical applicationsFenugreek seeds are rich in crude protein, sugars, amino acids, and fatty acid contents. The fatty acid profile was dominated by oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Fenugreek has a great medicinal value, and its seed has some medicinal properties such as hypoglycemic, laxative, stimulant, carminative, stomachic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and diuretic. However, fenugreek shows high quantities of linolenic acid (16.99-25.66%) and gets into the drying oil category. Drying oil is any of several natural oils, which oxidize to form a tough, elastic film when exposed to the air.

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