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    Determination of Intracellular (Neutrophil and Monocyte) Concentrations of Free and Liposome Encapsulated Ampicillin in Sheep
    (Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2006) Yazar, Enver; Baş, Ahmet Levent; Birdane, Yavuz Osman; Yapar, Kürşad; Elmas, Muammer; Traş, Bünyamin
    In the current study, intracellular ( neutrophil and monocyte) concentrations of free and liposome encapsulated ampicillin in sheep were investigated. Free ampicillin ( 5 mg/kg b.w.) and liposome encapsulated ampicillin ( 5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered as a bolus intravenous injection to sheep. After the injections, blood samples ( 5 ml) were collected into tubes from v. jugularis at 10, 30, 60 minutes and 2, 4 and 8 hours. Neutrophils and monocytes were isolated, and lysed in distilled water. Ampicillin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that liposome encapsulated ampicillin caused the higher intracellular concentrations within neutrophil ( ratio of liposome encapsulated ampicillin/free ampicillin; from 1.393 to 5.416) and monocyte ( ratio of liposome encapsulated ampicillin/free ampicillin; from 0.973 to 2.906) cells than free ampicillin, and liposome encapsulated ampicillin existed a longer length of time within neutrophil ( 4 hours) and monocyte ( 4 hours) cells than free ampicillin ( 60 minutes), as well. This formulation may be beneficial, in that the treatment of intracellular infections are caused by sensitive bacteria.
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    The Disposition and Milk Levels of Sulfamethoxazole - Trimethoprim Combination After Intrauterine Administration in Lactating Cows During Post-Partum
    (Indian Veterinary Journal, 2000) Elmas, Muammer; Tras, Bunyamin; Bas, Ahmet levent; Yazar, Enver; Umitli, Seyit; Birdane, Yavuz Osman
    The sulphonamide-trimethoprim combinations are commonly used yia intrauterine administration in the therapy of genital diseases of large animals in Turkey (Elmas et a/., 1999; Kaya, 1998). Several workers have studied the absorption and elimination of various sulphonamidetrimethoprim combinations in different species (Chaudray et al., 1987; Boyd and Allen,,1989;Eimas etal., loc.cit }, However, no pharmacokinetic studies have been carried. out on the use of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) - trimethoprim (TMP) in lactating cows during post-partum. We investigated the disposition of SMZ-TMP combination along with passing ratio to milk following intrauterine bolus administration in cows during, post-partum.
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    Effect of Tilmicosin on Serum Creatine Kinase, Creatine Kinase-MB and Troponin I Levels in New Zealand White Rabbits
    (Eugen Ulmer Gmbh CO, 2002) Yazar, Enver; Birdane, Yavuz Osman; Elmas, Muammer; Traş, Bünyamin; Baş, Ahmet Levent
    In this study, the effect of tilmicosin on creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB and troponin I levels were investigated to determine the possible cardiotoxic effect. Ten male White New Zealand rabbits were used as materials and tilmicosin was injected at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, subcutanously, by single injection. Blood samples were taken before the injection (=control) and at 6 hours after injection. Tilmicosin caused increases in creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB and troponin I levels. However, especially histopathological examinations have to be made for fully determination of tilmicosin cardiotoxicity in rabbits.
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    Effects of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics on Renal Antioxidants, Malondialdehyde Levels, and Some Serum Biochemical Parameters
    (Canadian Vet Med Assoc, 2003) Yazar, Enver; Elmas, Muammer; Altunok, Vahdettin; Sivrikaya, Abdullah; Öztekin, Esma; Birdane, Yavuz Osman
    Effects of amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin on renal tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and malondialdehyde, serum creatinine, potassium, sodium, total protein, glucose, uric acid, and total bilirubin levels were investigated. All aminoglycoside antibiotics decreased renal tissue glutathione levels.
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    Evaluation of Biochemical Characters of Broiler Chickens During Dietary Aflatoxin (50 and 100 Ppb) and Clinoptilolite Exposure
    (W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2002) Oğuz, Halis; Kurtoğlu, Firuze; Kurtoğlu, Varol; Birdane, Yavuz Osman
    Aflatoxin (AF) and clinoptilolite (CLI, a natural zeolite) were added to broiler food and some biochemical values and enzyme activities were evaluated. The experimental design consisted of six dietary treatments. (1) Control: basal diet; (2) CLI: basal diet plus 15 g clinoptilolite kg(-1) diet; (3) 50 ppb AF: basal diet plus 50 mug total aflatoxin (AF; the composition given below) kg(-1) diet; (4) 50 ppb AF + CLI: basal diet plus 50 mug AF Plus 15 g CLI kg(-1) diet; (5) 100 ppb AF: basal diet plus 100 mug AF kg(-1) diet; (6) 100 ppb AF + CLI: basal diet plus 100 mug AF plus 15 g CLI kg(-1) diet. A commercially available CLI was provided from the west region of Turkey and its chemical formula is "KNa2Ca2(Si(29)AL(7))O.7(2).32H(2)O". For this a total of 576 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks were housed in six treatment groups from days I to 42. AF treatment significantly increased the serum Na levels and the aspartate-amino-transferase (ASAT) and alanine-amino-trasferase (ALAT) enzyme activities, while total protein, albumin, total cholesterol uric acid, and K levels were not significantly different between groups. These results suggest that these low A F levels in food did not change the serum biochemistry but significantly affected the enzyme activities in broilers.
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    Occurance of Aflatoxin M1 in Cheese
    (2009) Akkaya, Levent; Birdane, Yavuz Osman; Oğuz, Halis; Cemek, Mustafa
    The present study was aimed to analyse the presence and levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), in 177 yogurt samples consisting of 104 samples of ordinary yogurt, 21 of fruit yogurt, and 52 of strained (Torba) yogurt. The competitive ELISA method was used to determine the aflatoxin. The highest AFM1 concentration was 150 ng/kg in strained yogurt, 100 ng/kg in ordinary yogurt as well as in fruit yogurt. The incidence of AFM1 contamination in yogurt samples were 65.38% (68 samples) of all ordinary yogurt samples, 33.33% (7 samples) of all fruit yogurt samples, and 55.77% (29 samples) of all strained yogurt samples. In addition, 11.53% of ordinary yogurt (12 samples), 9.52% of fruit yogurt (2 samples), and 21.15% of strained yogurt (11 samples) had higher AFM1 levels, than the acceptable levels for the Turkish Food Codex (50 ng/kg for yogurt). The results of this study imply that more emphasis should be given to the routine AFM1 inspection of milk and dairy products in the Afyonkarahisar region. Furthermore, both farmers and dairy companies should be informed on the importance of AFM1, and the consequences of the presence of the aflatoxin in dairy products.