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Öğe Efficacy of Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in Reducing the Immunotoxicity of Aflatoxin in Growing Broilers(Carfax Publishing, 2000) Çelik, İ.; Oğuz, H.; Demet, Ö.; Dönmez, H. H.; Boydak, M.; Sur, E.1. Protective action of an enzyme-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, Mycofix(R) Plus) against the immunosuppressive effect of afatoxins (AF) was evaluated by determination of peripheral blood TP-lymphocyte proportions and splenic plasma cell counts. Histological changes in lymphoid organs were also investigated by light microscopy. One-d-old broiler chicks (Hybro) received 2.5 mg/kg diet AF (83.06% AFB(1), 12.98% AFB(2), 2.84% AFG(1), 1.12% AFG(2)) with or without PVPP (3 g/kg diet) until 21 d of age. 2. When compared with the controls, AF treatment significantly decreased peripheral T-lymphocyte counts. AF caused a slight decrease in splenic plasma cell counts. The addition of PVPP to an AF-containing diet significantly increased T-lymphocyte counts. Splenic plasma cell counts were numerically intermediate between control and AF groups. 3. The dietary addition of PVPP to AF-free diet did not significantly alter either T-lymphocyte or splenic plasma cell counts.Öğe Embryotoxicity Assay of Aflatoxin Produced by Aspergillus Parasiticus NRRL 2999(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2000) Çelik, İ.; Oğuz, H.; Demet, O.; Boydak, M.; Dönmez, H. H.; Sur, E.; Nizamlıoğlu, F.1. The embryotoxicity of mixed aflatoxins (AF) and aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) were evaluated by a modified chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST). Adverse effects on the early embryonic development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius were also investigated by light microscopy. AF consisted of 83.06% AFB(1), 12.98% AFB(2), 2.84% AFG(1) and 1.12% AFG(2). 2. A total of 448 fertilised laying hens' eggs were used. AF and AFB(1) were injected into the eggs at doses of 10, 100 and 1000 ng/egg. Embryonic developmental stages were evaluated according to the Hamburger-Hamilton scale (HH-scale). 3. The results showed that AFB(1) given at 10 ng/egg had a significantly (P<0.05) greater embryotoxic effect than AF given at a similar dose. The higher doses of both AF and AFB(1) caused higher embryonic mortality and also an increase in early deaths. 4. In the groups receiving 100 ng/egg AF and AFB(1) an abnormal development was seen, with a protruded central region, corresponding to the area pellucida of the blastoderm. No other developmental abnormality attributable to AF or AFB(1) was found.Öğe Liver Function in Dairy Cows with Fatty Liver(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2001) Sevinç, M.; Başoğlu, A.; Birdane, F. M.; Boydak, M.The purpose of this investigation was to establish any changes that may occur in liver function in dairy cattle with fatty liver. The liver fat content was determined in all cows histologically. Cows with fatty liver were grouped according to fatty liver fat content as cows with mild, moderate and severe hepatosteatosis. Some chemical parameters (bile acid, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, CPK, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin and urea) were measured. There was a significant increase (p <0.001) in GGT, CPK and AST activities in cows with severe fatty liver than controls. The serum bile acid and urea concentrations were significantly higher (p <0.001) in cows with severe and moderate fatty liver than controls. The bile acid and albumin levels were also significantly different between severe and moderate fatty liver groups. In conclusion, bile acid, GGT, AST and albumin parameters seem to be helpful for liver function in cows with fatty liver. However, because of considerable variation of these results they should be interpreted with caution.Öğe Serum apolipoprotein B100 concentrations in dairy cows with left sided displaced abomasum(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2006) Civelek, T.; Sevinc, M.; Boydak, M.; Basoglu, A.The purpose of this study was to examine the alteration in serum apolipoprotein B100 (apo B100) concentrations and to evaluate the liver steatosis in dairy cows with left sided displaced abomasum (LSDA). A total of 33 Holstein cows (9 clinically healthy and 24 with LSDA) were used. Serum concentrations of apo B100 were assayed by single radial immunodiffusion method. Serum total bilirubin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin and high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations and aspartate amino transferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities were measured colorimetric methods. Biopsy samples were obtained from liver under local anesthesia with percutaneous biopsy needle for histopathological examination. Serum apo B100 concentrations were significantly decreased in cows with LSDA (p < 0.001) and were associated to abnormal lipid biochemistry (marked decreases of triglyceride, cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations, p < 0.001), and to cholestasis (significant inceases of total bilirubin concentrations (p < 0.001) and of serum GGT activities (p < 0.01)) leading to liver injury (marked increases of AST activities (p < 0.001), and decreases of total protein (p < 0.01) and albumin (p < 0.05) concentrations). Liver biopsies revealed a severe fat infiltration (41.5 +/- 2.5%) in cows with LSDA, and the degree of hepatic lipidosis was negatively correlated to apo B 100 concentrations (r = -0.591). These results suggest that the apo 13100 would be a marker for hepatic steatosis and would provide a non invasive alternative to liver biopsy for FL (fatty liver) diagnosis.
