Yazar "Boyraz, Nuh" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 17 / 17
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe Antifungal Properties of Some Herb Decoctions(Springer-Verlag, 2000) Özcan, Musa; Boyraz, NuhThe antifungal activities of four spice decoctions (sage. wild thyme, oregano and savory) which grow wild in Turkey against six moulds (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Macrophomina phaseoli, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria solani and As pergillus parasiticus) were tested for fungistatic and fungicidal activity in vitro. Decoctions were added at 5% and 10% levels to 250 mi culture medium. The results showed that the decoctions investigated varied in their antifungal activity. Sage had weak activity, whilst wild thyme, oregano and savory were active against all moulds tested. All test fungi were completely inhibited by both of the concentrations of wild thyme and the 10% level of oregano decoctions in all the incubation periods. It was concluded that some decoctions may be useful as mould inhibitors at food additive levels.Öğe The Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Venturia inaequalis Isolates Obtained from Turkey and Europe by Molecular Markers(ANKARA UNIV, FAC AGR, 2017) Kaymak, Suat; Boyraz, Nuh; Pinar, HasanApple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint) is the main disease of apple trees not only in the world but also in Turkey. The disease can cause severe yield losses in all Turkish apple orchards. Genetic diversity and relatedness of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint) isolates collected from Turkey and Europe were investigated in this study through molecular markers. RAPD, ISSR, SSR and SRAP markers were used in the molecular studies. Results obtained by marker system revealed that isolates were quite separated from each other and it is appeared to exist a variation between them. Genetic relatedness between the isolates are very close to each other, and difference among the groups is not significant due to host specificity and geographical location. The groups are consisted of more number of isolates when SSR and SRAP markers are used compared with ISSR and RAPD markers. Using SSR and SRAP markers are preferable to provide more informative outcomes because of ease of use, repeatability and specificity.Öğe Bacterial Leaf and Peduncle Soft Rot Caused by Pectobacterium Carotovorum on Tulips in Konya, Turkey(PRIEL PUBL, 2006) Boyraz, Nuh; Bastas, K. K.; Maden, S.; Yaşar, A.The etiology of a new soft rot disease of tulips, causing leaf spots, leaf blight, neck and bulb rot in Konya, Turkey, was investigated. This disease occurred in tulip fields grown for seed bulbs of various varieties in 2002. Bacteria were isolated from the lesions on leaf, bud neck and bulbs and the causal bacterium was identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum on the basis of biochemical and physiological tests. Cells were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, fermentative, potato-rot positive. Colonies were capable of growth at 37 degrees C. On nutrient agar the colonies were creamy-white. The isolates were non-fluorescent on King's B medium, positive for acetoin production, gelatin liquefaction, acid-production-from-lactose, and catalase; and negative for gas from glucose, reducing substances from sucrose, and phosphatase activity. Additionally, tests for egg yolk (lecithin), sensitivity to erythromycin, and pigmentation on yeast dextrose carbonate agar were negative; growth on 5% sodium chloride was positive. All the bacterial isolates obtained from the leaf, bud neck and bulbs produced the original symptoms following inoculation to the susceptible tulip variety 'Gander'. The rate of damage caused by this bacterium was evaluated on several tulip varieties under field and storage conditions. Gander was the most susceptible variety in the field whereas 'Salmon Parrot' exhibited the highest rate of bulb rot in storage. Disease severity was lower in 2003 than 2002.Öğe Bitki patojeni funguslara bazı yerli baharat ekstrakt ve uçucu yağlarının antifungal etkileri(1997) Boyraz, Nuh; Özcan, MusaAltı baharat (adaçayı, çörekotu, kapari, mercanköşk, sater, turşuotu) ekstraktı ve dört baharat (adaçayı, mercanköşk, sater, turşuotu) uçucu yağının antifungal etkileri, in vitrotia belirlenmiştir. Test fungusları olarak, Altemarla soteni, Colletotrichum coccodes, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp melonis ve Rhizoctonia soteni seçilmiştir. Ekstraktlar 1 ml/100 ml ve 2 ml/100 mi besiyeri dozunda, uçucu yağlar ise 0.1 ml/petri ve 0.2 ml/petri dozunda uygulanmıştır. Uçucu yağlarla yüksek oranda engelleme görülürken ekstrakttarda mercanköşk ve sater hariç etki düşük çıkmıştır. Kapari ve turşuotunun ekstraktları Alternaria soteni ve Colletotrichum coccodegin misel gelişimlerini teşvik etmişlerdir.Öğe Determination of Antagonistic Effect Between Some Fusarium Species and Root Bacteria Isolated from Eggplant Roots(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022) Ersöz, Gökçen; Boyraz, NuhIn this study, it was aimed to determine the antagonistic effect between and isolated from eggplant roots and some root bacteria conditions. 24 bacteria were isolated from soil samples taken from the rhizosphere regions of infected and non-infected plants in different eggplant production areas and 22 of them were evaluated as candidate biocontrol agents. According to the results of the research, 13 out of 22 bacteria were effective against, 14 against, and 9 against between 40% and 100%. The most effective bacteria against were 22B (100%) and 11B (74.4%). Among the bacteria tested for effectiveness against, 3B (100%), 10B (100%) and 18B (100%) completely inhibited fungal growth. These bacteria are followed by 11B (88.85%) and 13B (85.55%). 11B and 24B inhibited mycelial growth of 100%.Öğe Determination of Application Time for Chemical Control of Fire Blight Disease in Pear Varieties(ANKARA UNIV, FAC AGR, 2010) Baştaş, Kubilay Kurtuluş; Maden, Salih; Katırcıoğlu, Y. Zekai; Boyraz, NuhFire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease of pear, apple, and other plants of the Rosaceae family. In this study, from the point of view of continuousness of protection of fire blight disease and shoot growth in growing season, application times and effectiveness of host resistance inducers, harpin protein, benzothiadiazole, prohexadione-Ca as alternatives to conventional products, streptomycin, copper and maneb+copper were evaluated on susceptible pear varieties in greenhouse and field conditions. Type 1 and Type 2 applications for prevention of the disease and Type 3 and Type 4 applications for evaluation of shoot growth were performed. Type 2 application of harpin protein gave remarkable effectiveness on prevention of the disease about 49% and 65% in greenhouse and field, respectively. After Type 1 and 2 applications by prohexadione-Ca and benzothiadiazole, disease severity significantly decreased comparing to applications of copper and maneb+copper and, controls. Only prohexadione-Ca applications significantly reduced shoot lengths and plants were highly affected by the application Type 4 of this chemical. According to findings, applications of Type 2 provided better results than Type 1 on all of pear varieties in greenhouse and field conditions and use of resistance inducing substances during the production season is proposed in managing of shoot blight phase of fire blight disease.Öğe Determination of Application Time for Chemical Control of Fire Blight Disease in Pear Varieties(2010) Baştaş, Kubilay Kurtuluş; Maden, Salih; Katırcıoğlu, Y. Zekai; Boyraz, NuhFire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease of pear, apple, and other plants of the Rosaceae family. In this study, from the point of view of continuousness of protection of fire blight disease and shoot growth in growing season, application times and effectiveness of host resistance inducers, harpin protein, benzothiadiazole, prohexadione-Ca as alternatives to conventional products, streptomycin, copper and manebcopper were evaluated on susceptible pear varieties in greenhouse and field conditions. Type 1 and Type 2 applications for prevention of the disease and Type 3 and Type 4 applications for evaluation of shoot growth were performed. Type 2 application of harpin protein gave remarkable effectiveness on prevention of the disease about 49% and 65% in greenhouse and field, respectively. After Type 1 and 2 applications by prohexadione-Ca and benzothiadiazole, disease severity significantly decreased comparing to applications of copper and manebcopper and, controls. Only prohexadione-Ca applications significantly reduced shoot lengths and plants were highly affected by the application Type 4 of this chemical. According to findings, applications of Type 2 provided better results than Type 1 on all of pear varieties in greenhouse and field conditions and use of resistance inducing substances during the production season is proposed in managing of shoot blight phase of fire blight disease.Öğe Determination of Disease Severity and Anastomosis Groups of Rhizoctonia Solani Isolates from Chickpea Plant in Konya Province(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022) Bayram, Fatma Rana; Boyraz, Nuh; Kesenci, KemalThis study was carried out to determine the anastomosis groups and disease severity of Rhizoctonia solani, which causes root and root collar rot in chickpea production areas in Konya. A total of eleven isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained in the isolations made from the root and root collar of the plants in the surveys. Rhizoctonia isolates examined microscopically were grouped as multinucleate, binucleate according to the number of nuclei. Ten isolates were multinucleate and identified R. solani, while one isolate was binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. In pathogenicity tests, five multinucleate isolates were found to be pathogenic. Disease severity was determined as 100% for 1.2 A and 1.2 B coded isolates, 86% for 1.1 A coded isolate, 75% for 1.1 B coded isolate, and 44% for 1.2 C coded isolate. It was observed that the other multinucleate five isolates caused only a shortening in plant heights. No disease symptoms were observed in the plants inoculated by the binucleate isolate. All isolates were characterized using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA, and two different anastomosis groups were defined accordingly. It was determined that 5 virulence multinucleate R. solani isolates belonged to AG-4 HGII and 5 other multinucleate isolates to AG BI anastomosis group.Öğe Determination of Disease Severity of Rhizoctonia Solani Kühn (Telemorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk) Isolates from Bean, Sugar Beet and Potato Planting Areas in Konya(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023) Salman, Özden; Boyraz, NuhThis study was carried out to determine the disease severity of Rhizoctonia solani isolates isolated from plant samples collected from bean, sugar beet and potato cultivation areas in Konya in 2020 and the anastomosis groups of the most virulent isolates. A total of 40 R. solani isolates were obtained as a result of the isolations made from 86 plant samples (36 beans, 25 sugar beets and 25 potatoes) showing root rot symptoms in general appearance. The number of R. solani isolates obtained from these plants, respectively; 10 isolates from beans, 15 from potatoes and 15 from sugar beets. Nine of the bean isolates and 14 of the potato and sugar beet isolates were determined as multinucleic. One isolate each isolated from the bean, sugar beet and potato was determined as binucleic. As a result, a total of 37 multinucleate (MN) and 3 binucleate (BN) isolates were obtained from all plants. As a result of pathogenicity tests, 3 R. solani isolates with the highest disease severity for each plant were amplified using ITS1F and ITS4B primers and anastomosis groups were determined. Accordingly, the anastomosis groups of Fa 3.2 (97%), Fa 2.2 (89%) and Fa 1 (86%) in beans were characterized as AG 4HGI. The isolates with the highest disease severity in potatoes (Pa 10, Pa 12.1 and Pa 15.2) were determined as AG 3 group. Disease severity was determined as 50% of Pa 15.2, 44% of Pa 10 and 42% of Pa 12.1. The disease severity of 9 of the isolates obtained from sugar beet was determined as 100%. The anastomosis group of 3 randomly selected isolates from these isolates was characterized as AG 2-2.Öğe Efficacy of Some Trichoderma Isolates as Biocontrol Agents Against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023) Salman, Özden; Boyraz, NuhThis study was carried out to determine the in vitro and in vivo activities of Trichoderma isolates isolated from soil and plants collected from different provinces in 2020-2021 against Rhizoctonia solani, which causes root rot in beans. Using the pathogen as a trap, 61 Trichoderma isolates were obtained from 65 soil samples from 20 provinces. In addition, 8 Trichoderma isolates previously obtained from different plants were included in the experiment. Trichoderma isolates showed very strong (4 Trichoderma isolates), strong (1 Trichoderma isolate), moderate (18 Trichoderma isolates) and low level (18 Trichoderma isolates) hyperparasitic effects against R. solani in in vitro experiments with dual culture method. In comparison, some isolates (28 Trichoderma isolates) were found to be ineffective. As a result of in vivo tests with 10 Trichoderma isolates selected according to the effect results in vitro, it was determined that Trichoderma isolates were 8-89% effective against R. solani. The most effective Trichoderma isolates against R. solani was Trichoderma virens-130 with an 89% effect, followed by Trichoderma-106 and Trichoderma-162.1 with 82% and 75% effect, respectively. According to these results, it was observed that the isolates of Trichoderma, which were moderately and highly effective in vitro, significantly reduced the severity of the disease in vivo.Öğe Fungal Inhibition by Some Spice Essential Oils(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2009) Sağlam, Coşkun; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Boyraz, NuhThe antifungal activities of essential oils of pickling herb (Echinophora tenuifolia spp. sibthorpiana), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) plants growing wild in Turkey were tested against to the mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus parasiticus using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) in vitro. Essential oil of O. vulgare was the most effective on the mycelial growth of A. alternata compared with other two fungi. Oregano oil was the most active against all the moulds tested. Some concentrations of pickling herb and rosemary stimulated the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus parasiticus. It was concluded that the fungistatic effects of every oil increased with higher doses. The high fungistatic effect in the beginning of incubation decreased gradually towards the end of incubation. However, knowledge of how to protect the spoilage of food products from pathogens and saprophytic fungi can probably be gained from the different concentrations of spice derivatives.Öğe The Incidence Rate of White Rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary) Disease in Sunflower Cultivation Areas in Konya and Aksaray Provinces and its Pathogenic Potential(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Koçak, Raziye; Boyraz, NuhThis study was conducted between June-September 2017-2018 in sunflower cultivation areas of Konya and Aksaray to determine the incidence rate of white rot disease and its pathogenic potential and to identify the disease agent Sclerotinia spp., Surveys were carried out 11,750 decares in total from Karatay, Altınekin, Cihanbeyli, Karapınar, Kadınhanı and Çumra districts of Konya province and 3000 decares in total from Centre of Aksaray (Hırkatol and Topakkaya village) and Eskil districts of Aksaray province. In the study, it was determined that the isolates obtained from diseased plants belong to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Although the disease was not seen in the first year in Konya, the disease rate in Altınekin district was determined as 9.38% in the second year. As a result of the survey studies, the disease rate in the Center of Aksaray in 2017 and 2018, respectively, was 2.83% and 3.97%; in Eskil, while no disease was occurred in the first year, it was determined at a rate of 4.16% in 2018. In the pathogenicity tests carried out with sunflower seedlings using approximately 20% of the isolates, it was found that the disease severity of the isolates varied between 56% and 66% and the difference between the disease severity and scale values of the isolates was statistically significant (P <0.05). Aksaray / Hırkatol was found to be the most virulent isolate in the pathogenicity test.Öğe Influence of Pollination on Smut Disease and Yield in Maize(ANKARA UNIV, FAC AGR, 2018) Aydogdu, Mehmet; Boyraz, NuhUstilago maydis, causal agent of smut disease in maize, induces significant yield losses by forming colossal galls (tumours) on cobs. Since infection process of U. maydis is parallel with natural pollination of maize, an interaction between maize pollination and the smut fungus is probable. To reveal this interaction perceptibly, a 2-year field study was carried out in Antalya province of Turkey. As host plants, 8-maize-cultivars belonging to different maize variety groups [dent (Ada-523, Pioneer-3394 and Side), flint (Karacay and Karadeniz Yildizi), sweet (Merit and Vega) and popcorn (Antcin-98)] were used in the experiment. Inoculations were performed by injecting inoculum into cob silks in pre- and post-pollination periods in plots. In addition, control plots were set up for each treatment. In conclusion, average disease severity, incidence and yield losses of all the maize cultivars in pm-pollination inoculations (PrePI) were 3.8, 20.7 and 45.5%, whereas in post-pollination (PostPI) inoculations, they were 0.9, 15.7 and 35.9%, respectively. It was found that in both years, disease values of the PrePI were higher than those of the PostPI. This study suggested that pollination period of maize is an important factor affecting U. maydis infection in cobs and accordingly yield losses.Öğe Investigation of in vitro and in vivo anti-fungal activities of different plant essential oils against postharvest apple rot diseases - Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum(M H SCHAPER GMBH CO KG, 2016) Yilmaz, Azime; Ermis, Ertan; Boyraz, NuhThe essential oils (EOs) extracted from sage (Salvia officinalis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), oregano (Origanum vulgare), eucalyptus sp. and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were tested for their antifungal capacities against Penicillium (P.) expansum, Colletotrichum (C.) gloeosporioides and Botrytis (B.) cinerea in vitro and in vivo using golden delicious apples. The main components found in the essential oils of rosemary, sage, fennel, eucalyptus and oregano were camphor (26.25 %), alpha-thujone (14.95 %) along with 1.8-cineol (13.40 %), trans anethole (80.73 %), cymene (24.90 %) and carvacrol (81.25 %) respectively. The percentage of mycelial growth inhibition was determined using fumigation bioassay and contact bioassay techniques. Oregano EO was found to be the most effective essential oil against fungi species in in vitro and in vivo trials. The descending order of inhibition power of other EOs was noted as eucalyptus, fennel, sage and rosemary. Oregano EO did not stop the fungal growth completely at selected concentrations. However, it was able to limit the growth of fungi (fungistatic) in in vitro bioassays from approximately 80 to 15 mm, from 19 to 4 mm and from 50 to 9 mm in diameter for B. cinerea, P expansum and C. gloeosporioides respectively.Öğe Molecular markers to evaluate genetic diversity among Venturia inaequalis isolates obtained from apple plantations in Isparta Province(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2016) Kaymak, Suat; Boyraz, Nuh; Daniels, JonTurkey, the third leading apple producer in world, produces approximately 2.6 million tons of apples per year. Venturia inaequalis, the causal agent of apple scab, is a major fungal disease among apples varieties. This study was conducted in accordance with the plant protection method for isolates collected from the apple production areas in Isparta Province. The purpose of this study was to determine genetic differences among V. inequalis isolates causing apple scab, and to discriminate the effects of varieties and geographical origins on genetic diversity. For this purpose, a total of 83 samples from the leaves and fruits of infected plants were collected to obtain isolates from apple scab. Of these, 67 isolates were obtained by isolating single conidia. Genetic differences and the relationship of the isolates were evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR), simple sequence repeat (SSR), and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. The marker techniques SRAP and ISSR were used for the first time in this study to determine the genotype of the isolates of V. inaequalis. There was no relationship between apple varieties and geographic isolation or source of cultivar patterns. Variance analysis and molecular data of clustering from the isolates at district level revealed highly genetic similarity among populations. Additionally, SSR and SRAP markers were found to be more informative and consistent than other marker techniques. This study was the first report on population genetics of V. inaequalis identified with molecular markers in Turkey.Öğe Mycoflora on Maize Cobs Infected by Ustilago maydis (DC) Corda(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2018) Aydoğdu, Mehmet; Boyraz, Nuh; Maden, SalihUstilago maydis (DC) Corda, the causal agent of maize smut disease, can formenormous galls on cobs and cause significant yield losses under favorableconditions. In addition to yield losses, U. maydis may have an influence on thekernel quality in smutted cobs. The aim of this study was to determine presence of mycoflora on the cobs infected by U. maydis. A 2-year field experimentwas conducted in Antalya Province. In the study, some maize cultivars belonging to various maize variety groups including dent corn, flint corn, sweet cornand popcorn were used as host plants. Inoculations were performed by injecting inoculum into ear silk of each cob of the plants in inoculated plots. Foreach treatment, control plots were also set up. When the kernels of cobs incontrol plots were mature enough to harvest, kernel samples in inoculated plotswere taken from smutted cobs and investigated in terms of fungal flora. A totalof 6 genera (Paecilomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Acremonium, Fusarium,Rhizopus) were detected from the kernels in the smutted cobs. However, frequently isolated species were Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. parasiticus(A. flavus), Paecilomyces lilacinus, Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium solani, F.oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer. The most frequently isolated genus wasAspergillus (31.4%), while the lowest one was Penicillium (6.4%). The studyshowed that U. maydis may affect kernel quality of maize by harboring somefungal microorganisms in smutted cobs.Öğe Stem rust (ug99), seen as a threat globally(2012) Aydoğdu, Mehmet; Boyraz, NuhPuccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Eriks & Henn.)?nin neden olduğu kara pas, buğdayın en tahripkâr hastalıklarından birisidir. Eğer patojen için uygun şartlar oluşursa, patojen gerek epidemi ve gerekse pandemilere neden olabilmektedir. Her zaman patojen populasyonunda genetik varyasyon ihtimali bulunmaktadır ki bu, patojenin yeni ırklarının ortaya çıkmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu durumun güzel bir örneği Ug99?dir. 1998 yılında, Uganda?da buğdaylarda şiddetli kara pas enfeksiyonları gözlenmiş, yapılan çalışmalarda patojenin yeni bir ırkı tespit edilmiş ve bu ırk Ug99 olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Ug99 ırkı, 2005 yılında Kenya ve Ethiopya?da tespit edilmiştir. Ug99, daha sonra sırasıyla 2006 yılında Yemen?de, 2007 yılında İran?da 2009 yılında Tanzanya ve Güney Afrika?da saptanmıştır. Kara pasın bu yeni ırkı dünyada buğday üretimi için bir tehdit olarak görülmektedir. Çünkü Ug99 Afrikadan Orta Doğu ve Asya?ya sıçramıştır. Bunun yanısıra bilim adamları patojenin hakim rüzgarlar aracılığıyla dünyanın diğer alanlarına yayılacağını tahmin etmektedirler. Bu durum buğday yetiştirilen alanlar için endişe vericidir.
