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    Multiple pharmacological approaches on hydroalcoholic extracts from different parts of Cynoglossum creticum Mill. (Boraginaceae)
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2019) Menghini, Luigi; Ferrante, Claudio; Zengin, Gökhan; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Leporini, Lidia; Locatelli, Marcello; Cacciagrano, Francesco; Recinella, Lucia; Chiavaroli, Annalisa; Leone, Sheila; Brunetti, Luigi; Orlando, Giustino
    Cynoglossum creticum Mill (Boraginaceae) is used traditionally as a remedy to manage several human ailments. In this context, the present study aimed to perform multiple pharmacological investigations on the hydroalcoholic extracts prepared from Cynoglossum roots and aerial parts (leaves and flowers). We evaluated the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory (against cholinesterases, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, lipase and tyrosinase) activity of the extracts. The protective effect(s) of the extracts on cardiomyocyte C2C12 and intestinal HCT116 cell lines challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was studied. We found that the aerial parts harbored the highest amount of phenolic compounds. Generally, aerial parts showed significant antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. Leaves exhibited the best lipase inhibitory activity (173.15 mgOE/g extract), followed by flowers and roots. The root and aerial extracts were equally able to blunt intracellular H2O2 induced reactive oxygen species production from both C2C12 and HCT116 cell lines. Both cells lines could be treated with scalar concentrations of root and flower extracts in the range 50-300 mu g/mL without interferences on cell viability. In conclusion, the present study showed protective effects exerted by Cynoglossum extracts, which could serve as a foundation for the development of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals derived from Cynoglossum.
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    Phytochemical Analyses and Pharmacological Screening of Neem Oil
    (ELSEVIER, 2019) Cesa, Stefania; Sisto, Francesca; Zengin, Gökhan; Scaccabarozzi, Diletta; Kokolakis, Antonios K.; Scaltrito, Maria Maddalena; Grande, Rossella; Locatelli, Marcello; Cacciagrano, Francesco; Angiolella, Letizia; Campestre, Cristina; Granese, Arianna; Chimenti, Paola; Basilico, Nicoletta
    An Italian certified Neemseed oil was characterized through the color analysis, the HPLC phenolic fingerprint and the preliminary evaluation of the cytotoxicity profile against the human macrophage (THP-1) cell line. Moreover, a wide screening of its enzyme inhibitory profile, antimicrobial activity towards Helicobacter pylori, several Candida spp. and Malassezia furfur strains and antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica were performed. Neemseed oil demonstrated low toxicity and a great inhibitory efficacy against tyrosinase and lipase enzymes. Antimalarial and anti-leishmanial activities were also demonstrated, but weak or no activity was evidenced against Helicobacter pylori, Candida and Malassezia strains. Overall, these findings encourage the potential use of this natural product in some disease treatments and justify its use in traditional medicine. (c) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.