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    Antibacterial Effects of Several Current Orthodontic Materials against Streptococcus mutans
    (UNIV WEST INDIES FACULTY MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2012) Catalbas, B.; Kamak, H.; Demir, A.; Nur, M.; Hadimli, H. H.
    The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial effect of several current orthodontic materials against a certain oral bacterium. The antibacterial activities of six orthodontic composite resins (Transbond LR, Light Cure Retainer (LCR), Light Bond, System 1+, Kurasper E Transbond XT adhesive), two orthodontic bonding materials (Transbond XT primer and System 1+ activator) and two glass ionomer cements (GIC) [Multicure Glass Ionomer and Ketac Cem WC] were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans. The hard materials were put into the Teflon mould. The liquid materials were put on a paper disc. All materials were handled under aseptic conditions and placed on agar culture plates. All plates were incubated at 5% CO2 and 37 degrees C for 48 hours. The bacterial growth inhibition zones including the diameter of the sample were measured in millimetres. As a result of this study, the multicure GIC showed the highest antibacterial effectiveness, but no inhibition zones were noted for ketac cem GIC. The light bond adhesive of the Reliance orthodontic bonding system produced high antibacterial effect against S mutans, while the Reliance composite (LCR) did not show any antibacterial effect (p < 0.05). Both composite and primer of the transbond XT system demonstrated significant antibacterial effect against the test bacterium when compared to transbond LR (p < 0.05). Among the materials tested, kurasper F, Ormco system 1+ and system 1+ activator showed slight or no inhibitory effect against the test bacterium in this study. In patients who have relatively high salivary levels of Streptococci mutans before treatment, the multicure GIG, the Reliance light bond adhesive, and transbond XT system which had high level antibacterial properties could be applied.
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    Bactericidal efficacy of Er,Cr : YSGG laser irradiation against Enterococcus faecalis compared with NaOCl irrigation: an ex vivo pilot study
    (WILEY, 2007) Eldeniz, A. U.; Ozer, F.; Hadimli, H. H.; Erganis, O.
    Aim To compare the efficacy of a standard NaOCl irrigation procedure with that of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation in contaminated root canals having small and large apical foramina. Methodology Forty root canals of extracted central incisor teeth with straight roots were chosen so that their apical foramina just permitted the tip of a size 20-K file to pass through. The canals were then enlarged with files to size 60 and randomly divided into four groups of 10 teeth each. The apical foramina of one group were widened further so that the tip of a size 45-K file could just pass through. After sterilization, all roots were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 48 h at 37 degrees C. The first group was used as a control, the second group was irrigated with 3% NaOCl solution for 15 min, and the last two groups having different sizes of apical foramina were irradiated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser at output power from 0.5 W, with 20% air and water levels. The disinfecting efficacy of the groups was tested by collecting dentine chips from the inner canal walls of the specimens and counting viable E. faecalis on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Results The differences in the mean number of viable colonies between the control and laser groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The control specimens had the highest number of microorganisms (153 x 10(3) +/- 39 x 10(3)). Complete sterilization was achieved in the 3% NaOCl group. The mean colony forming units (CFU) values obtained after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation were 6.6 x 10(3) CFU and 6.5 x 10(3) CFU in root canals having large and small apical foramina respectively. Conclusion In teeth with straight roots the Er,Cr:YSGG laser reduced the viable microbial population in root canals with small and large apical foramina but did not eradicate all bacteria. Three percent NaOCl inhibited the growth of E. faecalis and effectively sterilized all root canals.
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    Efficacies of Free and Liposome-Encapsulated Enrofloxacin (Baytril (R)) Against Staphylococcus Aureus Infection in Turkish Shepherd Dog Neutrophils in Vitro
    (Ecole National Vet Toulouse, 2000) Baş, A. L.; Elmas, M.; Şimşek, A.; Traş, B.; Yazar, E.; Hadimli, H. H.
    The influence of free and liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 mu g/ml was studied on phagocytic and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus, in cultured neutrophils of six healthy Turkish Shepherd Dogs. Enrofloxacin was encapsulated by using reverse-phase evaporation method in multilamellar liposomes composed of 15 mg egg phosphatidylcholine and 35 mg cholesterol. Phagocytic and killing activity of neutrophils were determined by fluorescent microscopic technique. Liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin significantly enhanced the intraphagocytic killing of bacteria in neutrophils compared to free drug. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils was not significantly different among groups. The results obtained in the present study show that use of enrofloxacin encapsulated in liposomes may improve the antibacterial efficacy of the antibiotic.
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    Efficacies of Free and Liposome-Encapsulated Enrofloxacin (Baytril®) Against Staphylococcus Aureus Infection in Turkish Shepherd Dog Neutrophils in Vitro
    (2000) Baş, Ahmet Levent; Elmas, Muammer; Şimşek, Atilla; Traş, Bünyamin; Yazar, E.; Hadimli, H. H.
    The influence of free and liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 ?g/ml was studied on phagocytic and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus, in cultured neutrophils of six healthy Turkish Shepherd Dogs. Enrofloxacin was encapsulated by using reverse-phase evaporation method in multilamellar liposomes composed of 15 mg egg phosphatidylcholine and 35 mg cholesterol. Phagocytic and killing activity of neutrophils were determined by fluorescent microscopic technique. Liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin significantly enhanced the intraphagocytic killing of bacteria in neutrophils compared to free drug. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils was not significantly different among groups. The results obtained in the present study show that use of enrofloxacin encapsulated in liposomes may improve the antibacterial efficacy of the antibiotic.
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    Field evaluation of a PCR for the diagnosis of chlamyclial abortion in sheep
    (BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC, 2006) Guler, L.; Hadimli, H. H.; Erganis, O.; Ates, M.; Ok, U.; Gunduz, K.
    A total of 94 vaginal swab samples and 195 serum samples collected from aborted ewes in 15 flocks were examined by PCR and a complement fixation test, respectively. in addition, 172 samples of stomach contents from fetuses from different flocks submitted for the diagnosis of abortion during the four lambing periods between 2000 and 2004 were tested by PCR. Chlamydial DNA was detected in seven vaginal swabs obtained from five of the 15 flocks and in six samples of fetal stomach contents. The results of PCR and flock serology for Chlamydia were positive in five of the IS flocks and negative in eight.
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    Isolation of Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale From Chickens and Turkeys
    (SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2002) Erganiş, Osman; Ateş, Mehmet; Hadimli, H. H.; Çorlu, Mehmet
    A total of 251 tracheal swabs and a total of 102 tracheae, lungs, airsacs, livers and spleens were collected from commercial layer, broiler and broiler parent stock flocks with respiratory infection. From turkey flocks, 96 tracheal swabs and 5 tissue samples from the trachea, lung, airsac, liver and spleen were also taken. Cultivations on Blood Agar supplemented with 51 10%sheep blood, on Chocolate Agar and on MacConkey Agar were incubated at 37degreesC for 24-72 hours in the presence of 10%CO(2)Gram staining was carried out for the smooth and non-hemolytic colonies 1-3 mm in diameter and for those showing grayish pigmentation after approximately 48 hours of culture. Cram negative pleomorphic rods were considered to be Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) and other conventional tests were made as follows: hemolysis, motility, spore formation, growth on MacConkey and TSI agars, catalase, indol, sorbitol, inositol, rafinose, trehalose, xylose, dulcitol, nitrate, methyl red, oxidase, beta-D galactosidase, urease, glucose, galactose, lactose, maltose, fructose and Voges-Proskauer. ORT was isolated from none of the samples taken from turkeys, broiler or broiler parent stock flocks. However, two ORT isolations were achieved from two commercial pullets aged 12 and 15 weeks. One of these isolates was serotyped as "B" by the ACP test while the other was not found to belong to any of the serogroups. Both of the isolates were found to be susceptible to oflaxacin, erythromicin, lincomycin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin+clavulonic acid by antibiotic suspectibility tests.