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    Bioactivity-guided isolation of cytotoxic and antioxidant phytochemicals from four Cousinia species from stenocephala bunge section
    (WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS, 2019) Pasayeva, Leyla.; Üstün, Osman.; Demirpolat, Eren.; Karatoprak, Gökçe S.; Tugay, Osman.; Kosar, Müberra.
    Background: Asteraceae family contains several cytotoxic compounds bearing genus. Cousinia genus is included in the Asteraceae; it has not been studied phytochemically in detail. Objective: In this study, chemical compositions of four Cousinia species (Cousinia davisiana [CD], Cousinia foliosa, Cousinia ramosissima, and Cousinia stenocephala [CS]) were evaluated according to their cytotoxic and antioxidant effects using bioactivity-guided isolation. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effect was investigated with Sulphorhodamine B method against Colo205 (human colon carcinoma), A549 (human non- small cell lung cancer) cell lines, and antioxidant activity tested with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2' azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid scavenging tests, and beta-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation test. Purified compounds were elucidated by one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopic techniques. The quantitative and qualitative determination of unpurified compounds within the extracts was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Results: CS methanol extract, dichloromethane subextract, and FR-3 showed more cytotoxicity; isolated compound (psi-taraxasterol) showed no cytotoxic activity. CD methanol extract and n-butanol subextract showed significant antioxidant activity. Conclusion: This is the first report that these phytochemical compounds were identified in Cousinia genus, and it is thought that these compounds could contribute to the chemotaxonomy of the genus.
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    In vitro antioxidant capacity and phytochemical characterization of Eryngium kotschyi Boiss
    (JOURNAL PHARMACY & PHARMACOGNOSY RESEARCH-JPPRES, 2020) Pasayeva, Leyla.; Safak, Esra Kongul.; Arigun, Tunahan.; Fatullayev, Hanifa.; Tugay, Osman.
    Context: Eryngium kotschyi is one of the species of Eryngium genus and was endemic to Turkey. It was known, that traditionally uses of this plant in the South-Western part of Turkey for the treatment of various diseases. Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant capacities of methanol extract and ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water sub-extracts as well as to determine the phytochemical composition and to quantify the major antioxidant compounds in the active sub-extract. Methods: Besides the total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid compounds, the antioxidant capacity of E. kotschyi was evaluated by DPPH center dot, ABTS+center dot and FRAP methods and qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemical constituents in active sub-extract by LC-MS/MS. Results: The highest total phenolic (173.710 +/- 1.088 mg gallic acid equivalent/ g(exteact)) and total flavonoid content (86.978 +/- 0.650 mg catechin equivalent/ g(exteact)) was found in ethyl acetate sub-extract of E. kotschyi (EKE) and this sub-extract showed the highest antioxidant capacity on DPPH center dot (IC50 = 0.264 +/- 0.040 mg/ mL), ABTS+center dot (at a concentration of 0.125 mg/mL equivalent to 0.497 mu M Trolox) and FRAP (at a concentration of 1 mg/ mL equivalent to 1476 +/- 5.292 mmol Fe2+) tests. Preliminary examination of the mass spectrums revealed the presence of 24 phytochemical compounds in this sub-extract and 7 of them was quantified. According to quantitative analyses the main compounds of EKE sub-extract were rosmarinic acid (490.820 +/- 0.703 mu g/mgextoet), chlorogenic acid (80.405 +/- 0.170 mu g/mg(exteeet)), isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside (72.280 +/- 0.33 mu g/ mgexteeet), rutin (63.020 +/- 0.052 mu g/mg(exteeet)) and caffeic acid (55.153 +/- 0.523 mu g/ mg(exteeet)). Conclusions: The data suggest that EKE possess utilizable antioxidant properties in vitro. The antioxidant capacity of this sub-extract could be due to high content of phenolic and flavonoid contents.