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Öğe Effects of Morphine on the Rat Lymphoid Organs and Adrenal Glands: Results of Enzyme Histochemical and Histometric Investigations(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2001) Salbacak, A.; Çelik, I.; Karabulut, A. K.; Özkan, Y.; Uysal, I. I.; Çiçekçibaşı, A. E.Effects of morphine on the rat lymphoid tissues and adrenal glands were investigated by means of histological, histometrical and enzyme histochemical methods. The experimental animals were treated with 5 mg/kg morphine hydrochloride at daily intervals for 30 days. Morphine treatment caused severe lymphoid cell depletion from spleen, thymus and lymph nodes whereas, ileal Peyer's patches were affected moderately. Both peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage and ANAE-positive lymphocyte frequency in the lymphocyte fraction decreased. The changes in lymphoid organs provide morphological evidence for morphine induced immune suppression. Along with these, observation of the thickening of the adrenal cortex and medulla might show that morphine induced immuno suppression may occur via increased glucocorticoid secretion.Öğe The Growth of the Upper and Lower Extremities of Turkish Fetuses During the Fetal Period(Springer-Verlag, 2000) Malas, M. A.; Salbacak, A.; Sulak, O.Prenatal analysis of the fetal structures gives us information about fetal growth and gestational age. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphologic structure of the upper and lower extremities of Turkish fetuses during the fetal period, to measure the morphometric values, and to determine the relationship between CRL (crown-rump length) and growth of the foot. In this study, 106 human fetuses (56 males, 50 females) without external anomalies and aged between 10-40 post-menstrual weeks (PMW) were studied. In the upper extremity, the width of shoulder and the length of the arms, forearms and hands were measured. In the lower extremity, the width of the iliac crest, knee condyles, feet, and heels and the length of the thighs, legs and feet were measured. A significant correlation was found between all parameters taken within the fetal period and PMW (p < 0.001). Statistically significant correlations found between foot-growth measurements and fetal parameters indicate that foot length may be a good predictor of age. The measurements of the upper and lower extremities during fetal period are a reliable parameter for use in the assessment of gestational age. These measurements are particularly useful when other parameters do not accurately predict gestational age in some cases such as hydrocephalus, anencephaly, short-limb dysplasia. Our opinion is that the measurements can be useful to assess gestational age in several fields such as anatomy, pathologic anatomy (fetopathology), forensic medicine, medical imaging, obstetrics and pediatrics.Öğe An Investigation of the Conus Medullaris and Filum Terminale Variations in Human Fetuses(Springer Verlag, 2000) Salbacak, A.; Büyükmumcu, M.; Malas, M. A.; Karabulut, A. K.; Şeker, M.The morphologic structure of the conus medullaris and filum terminale was investigated by dissection in 123 human fetuses, obtained from Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine and Maternity hospital of Konya between 1992-1995. In 78 fetuses, the conus medullaris and filum terminale had a normal morphologic aspect, whereas there was a slight depression or groove formation in the closure region of the caudal neuropore in 45 fetuses. In 15 fetuses, important malformations of the cranium and vertebral column were observed. The morphologic aspects of the conus medullaris in 30 fetuses were abnormal in shape and position, among them 24 fetuses had an abnormal filum terminale (grooved, depressed, thickened or duplicated) whereas it was normal in 6. Deficiency of closure of the caudal neuropore was considered to have a negative effect on the fetal development of the filum terminale.Öğe The Relationship Between the Lumbosacral Enlargement and the Conns Medullaris During the Period of Fetal Development and Adulthood(Springer-Verlag, 2000) Malas, M. A.; Seker, M.; Salbacak, A.; Büyükmumcu, M.; Karabulut, A. K.; Yardimci, C.The spinal cord is situated within the vertebral canal by the third month of intrauterine life. The spinal cord possesses two symmetrical enlargements, which constitute the segments of the plexuses: the cervical enlargement for the brachial plexus and the lumbosacral enlargement for the lumbar and sacral plexus. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the termination level of the lumbosacral enlargement (TLLE) and that of the conus medullaris (TLCM) during the period of fetal development and adulthood. We used a total of 75 cases: 25 fetuses (male: 16, female: 9) whose crown-rump length ranged between 90-190 mm, 25 premature and full-term neonates (male: 17, female: 8) whose post-menstrual ages ranged between 33-55 weeks, and 25 adults (male: 12, female: 13) aged between 22-72 years. The dissection technique for fetuses, ultrasonography for premature and full-term newborns, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for adults were used to determine lumbosacral enlargement and TLCM. The differences between the TLCM and the termination level of the largest part of the transverse diameter of the lumbosacral enlargement were investigated. The differences between the TLLE and TLCM were found in different ratios from the period of fetal development to adulthood. Therefore, during medical treatment and surgical procedures this should be taken into account to avoid complications.Öğe The Role of Zinc Supplementation in the Inhibition of Tissue Damage Caused by Exposure to Electromagnetic Field in Rat Lung and Liver Tissues(COMENIUS UNIV, 2012) Baltacı, A. K.; Moğulkoç, R.; Salbacak, A.; Çelik, I; Sivrikaya, A.Background: The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of zinc supplementation on the oxidant damage in lung and liver tissues in rats exposed to a 50-Hz frequency magnetic field for 5 minutes every other day over a period of 6 months. Methods: The study included 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into the three groups in equal numbers: Group 1, the control group (G1); Group 2, the group exposed to an electromagnetic field (G2); and Group 3, the group, which was exposed to an EMF and supplemented with zinc (G3). At the end of the 6-month procedures, the animals were decapitated to collect lung and liver tissue samples, in which MDA was analyzed using the "TBARS method (nmol/g/protein)", GSH by the "biuret method (mg/g/protein)" and zinc levels by atomic emission (mu g/dl). Results: MDA levels in lung and liver tissues in G2 were higher than those in G1 and G3, and the levels in G3 were higher than those in G1 (p<0.01). As for GSH levels, G3 had GSH levels higher than G1 and G2, and G2 had GSH levels higher than G1 (p<0.01). Zinc values in the liver and lung tissues were the highest in the Group 3 and the lowest in the Group 2 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Results of the study indicated that exposure to an electromagnetic field caused cellular damage in lung and liver tissues and zinc supplementation inhibited the inflicted cellular damage. Another important result of this study that needs emphasis was that exposure to an electromagnetic field led to a significant decrease in zinc levels in lung and liver tissues (Tab. 3, Ref. 23).
