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Öğe Chemical profiling of Centaurea bornmuelleri Hausskn. aerial parts by HPLC-MS/MS and their pharmaceutical effects: From nature to novel perspectives(ELSEVIER, 2019) Zengin, Gökhan; Llorent-Martinez, E. J.; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Yıldıztugay, Evren; Picot-Allain, Carene; Mahomoodally, Mohamad FawziEthnobotanical evidences substantiate the use of several Centaurea species to treat and/or manage several human ailments. In the present study, the phytochemical profile of the ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts (prepared by infusion and decoction) of Centaurea bornmuelleri Hausskn. aerial parts was established. The enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties were also determined by in vitro bioassays. Methanol extract (38.58 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and ethyl acetate extract (38.83 mg rutin equivalent/g extract) possessed the highest concentration of phenolics and flavonoids, respectively. Aqueous extract prepared following traditional infusion method showed potent DPPH (38.54 mg TE/g extract) and ABTS (57.75 mg TE/g extract) scavenging abilities. The methanol extract (101.46 mg TE/g extract) of C. bornmuelleri exhibited potent reducing activity in the CUPRAC assay while the aqueous extract obtained by infusion was more active in the FRAP assay (69.81 mg TE/g extract). Ethyl acetate extract of C. bornmuelleri inhibited both acetylcholinesterase (1.14 mg galantamine equivalent [GALAE]/g extract), butyrylcholinesterase (0.63 mg GALAE/g extract), tyrosinase (69.84 mg kojic acid equivalent/g extract), amylase (19.90 mg acarbose equivalent [ACAE]/g extract), and glucosidase (33.12 mg ACAE/g extract). The phytochemical profile of C. bornmuelleri has been characterized and the main components quantified in order to provide scientific base to design innovative products including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or nutraceuticals although further investigation concerning the isolation of the main bioactive compounds would be required. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe A comparative assessment of the LC-MS profiles and cluster analysis of four Centaurea species from Turkey(ELSEVIER, 2019) Zengin, Gökhan; Zheleva-Dimitrova, Dimitrina; Gevrenova, Reneta; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Mahomoodally, Mohamad FawziThe present study was designed to delineate the chemical characterization of four Centaurea species sampled from Turkey. The chemical profiles were determined by UHPLC-ESI/HRMS and multiple correspondence analysis were carried out to observe variabilities of the tested extracts. To study the variability of the four samples, 16 qualitative variables represented by the 16 compounds (some acylquinic acids including 3-Caffeoylquinic, 5-Caffeoylquinic and 5-Feruloylquinic acids) have been used to perform the multiple correspondence analysis. There groups were recorded in the cluster analysis. The first group is represented by C. urvielli subsp. hayekiana and C. kotschi var. persica species while the second and third group is composed of C. drabifolia subsp. detonsa and C. patula, respectively. Finding presented herein has established baseline data that could spark further studies on the pharmacological potential of these Centaurea species.Öğe A comparative study of the chemical composition, biological and multivariate analysis of Crotalaria retusa L. stem barks, fruits, and flowers obtained via different extraction protocols(ELSEVIER, 2020) Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Saftic, Lara; Persuric, Zeljka; Pavelic, Sandra Kraljevic; Etienne, Ouattara Katinan; Picot-Allain, Marie Carene Nancy; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Zengin, GökhanCrotalaria retusa L (Fabaceae) also known as 'rattlebox' has been used in traditional medicine for the management of various human ailments. The present study comparatively evaluated the alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, antioxidant properties, as well as phytochemical profiles of extracts of C. retusa (bark, fruits, and flowers) obtained by homogenization, maceration, ultrasonication, and Soxhlet extractions. Little variation was noted between the phytochemical profiles obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of C. retusa same plant parts extracted by different methods while the different plant parts showed specific phytochemical fingerprints. For instance, myricetin was identified in C. retusa fruits only. Fruit and bark extracts possessed the highest concentrations of quercetin and rutin, respectively. p-hydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid, was identified in all C. retusa plant parts. Spectrophotometric determinations revealed that C. retusa bark extracts have highest concentrations of phenolic and flavonoids. Besides, C. retusa bark extracts showed highest antioxidant capacity. The extracts showed high inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase (21.22-4.81 mmol acarbose equivalent/g), acetylcholinesterase (8.71-8.26 mg galantamine equivalent/g), butyrylcholinesterase (4.16-2.36 mg galantamine equivalent/g), and tyrosinase (133.11-125.26 mg kojic acid equivalent/g). Multivariate component analysis showed that the plant part was the main factor responsible for the observed variability between the extracts. Data collected proved that C. retusa has the potential for the development of novel biopharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetical products. (C) 2019 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Comprehensive Chemical Profiling and Multidirectional Biological Investigation of Two Wild Anthemis Species (Anthemis tinctoria var. Pallida and A. cretica subsp. tenuiloba): Focus on Neuroprotective Effects(MDPI, 2019) Orlando, Giustino; Zengin, Gökhan; Ferrante, Claudio; Ronci, Maurizio; Recinella, Lucia; Şenkardeş, İsmail; Gevrenova, Reneta; Zheleva-Dimitrova, Dimitrina; Chiavaroli, Annalisa; Leone, Sheila; Di Simone, Simonetta; Brunetti, Luigi; Picot-Allain, Carene Marie Nancy; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Menghini, LuigiEthyl acetate (EA), methanol (MeOH), and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Anthemis tinctoria var. pallida (ATP) and A. cretica subsp. tenuiloba (ACT) were investigated for their phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant, and key enzyme inhibitory potentials. All extracts displayed antiradical effects, with MeOH and aqueous extracts being a superior source of antioxidants. On the other hand, EA and MeOH extracts were potent against AChE and BChE. Enzyme inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and alpha-glucosidase were observed, as well. We also studied Anthemis extracts in an ex vivo experimental neurotoxicity paradigm. We assayed extract influence on oxidative stress and neurotransmission biomarkers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serotonin (5-HT), in isolated rat cortex challenged with K+ 60 mM Krebs-Ringer buffer (excitotoxicity stimulus). An untargeted proteomic analysis was finally performed in order to explore the putative mechanism in the brain. The pharmacological study highlighted the capability of ACT water extract to blunt K+ 60 mM increase in LDH level and 5-HT turnover, and restore physiological activity of specific proteins involved in neuron morphology and neurotransmission, including NEFMs, VAMP-2, and PKC gamma, thus further supporting the neuroprotective role of ACT water extract.Öğe Exploring chemical profiles and bioactivities of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. leaves and stem bark extracts: A new source of procyanidins(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2020) Liorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Ruiz-Riaguas, Alba; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Bene, Kouadio; Cordova, Maria Luisa Fernandez-de; Picot-Allain, Carene; Mahomoodally, Fawzi Mohamad; Saleem, Hammad; Zengin, GökhanThis study attempts to valorize the multiple pharmacological properties of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir., also known as dragon's blood tree, with wide applications in African traditional medicine. The antioxidant and inhibitory activity of H. madagascariensis leaves and stem bark extracts (ethyl acetate, aqueous extracts, and methanol) against enzymes related to diabetes (alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase), epidermal hyperpigmentation problems (tyrosinase), and Alzheimer's disease (acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase) were evaluated. The phytochemical profiles of the extracts were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS), observing the presence of procyanidins and flavonoids, particularly in the leaves' extracts. The radical scavenging and reducing power of H. madagascariensis leaves' extracts were greater than the stem bark extracts. The methanol extracts of leaves (4.61 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g extract) and stem bark (4.68 mg galantamine (GALAE)/g extract) of H. madagascariensis inhibited acetyl cholinesterase. Methanol extracts (153.55 and 147.07 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g extract, for leaves and stem bark extracts, respectively) of H. madagascariensis showed high tyrosinase inhibition. Correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) were also performed. The observed pharmacological effects of H. madagascariensis support that this plant may be a promising candidate for the development of novel pharmacophores for the treatment of diabetes, epidermal hyperpigmentation problems, Alzheimer's disease, and other oxidative-stress-related complications.Öğe Impact of different extraction solvents and techniques on the biological activities of Cirsium yildizianum (Asteraceae: Cynareae)(ELSEVIER, 2020) Llorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Zengin, Gökhan; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Polat, Rıdvan; Canlı, Deniz; Picot-Allain, Marie Carene Nancy; Mahomoodally, Mohamad FawziSeveral Cirsium species have been used in folk medicine for the management of human ailments. However, there is a paucity of scientific data regarding their biological activity as in the case of the new species, C. yildizianum, from Anatolia, Turkey. The present study endeavours for the first time to appraise the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of C. yildizianum. The phytochemical profiles of C. yildizianum extracts obtained using homogeniser-assisted extraction (HAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), Soxhlet extraction, maceration, decoction, and infusion, using methanol or water as extraction solvents, was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn) analysis. In all extracts, flavonoids were the most abundant compounds, particularly luteolin and apigenin glycosides. HAE methanol extract presented the highest phenolic (37.10 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and flavonoid (46.78 mg rutin equivalent/g) contents. Likewise, HAE-methanol extract showed potent radical scavenging (40.76 and 68.13 mg Trolox equivalent [TE]/g, for DPPH and ABTS, respectively) and reducing properties (127.62 and 89.95 mg TE/g, for CUPRAC and FRAP, respectively). HAE-methanol extract showed inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (3.57 mg galantamine equivalent [GALAE]/g). UAE-methanol extract was a potent inhibitor of butrylcholinesterase (BChE) (2.72 mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (121.06 mg kojic acid equivalent/g) However, poor inhibition was recorded for enzymes targeted in the management of diabetes type II, namely alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. On the other hand, potent metal chelating property was observed for water extracts. This study provides comprehensive scientific information on the phytochemical profile of C. yildizianum extracted using different procedures and extraction solvents, which might be considered as valuable baseline data for future bioproducts development.Öğe Influence of different extraction techniques on the chemical profile and biological properties of Anthemis cotula L.: Multifunctional aspects for potential pharmaceutical applications(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2019) Sut, Stefania; Dall'Acqua, Stefano; Zengin, Gökhan; Şenkardeş, İsmail; Bulut, Gizem; Cvetanovic, Aleksandra; Stupar, Alena; Mandić, Anamarija; Picot-Allain, Carene; Doğan, Ahmet; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Mahomoodally, FawziThe phytochemical composition of different extracts obtained from stinking chamomile (Anthemis cotula L) was investigated. Ethanol was used as solvent and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), maceration, soxhlet extraction (SE), and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) were applied on plant material. Comparison of the phytochemical contents, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties were performed. The most abundant sesquiterpene in the extracts was anthecotuloide, while the most present phenolics were caffeoyl quinic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol derivatives. UAE extract was the most efficient in the extraction of sesquiterpenoids and polyphenols. Considering the assays on antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition, ASE extract showed highest phenolic content (62.92 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract). Likewise, this extract showed highest radical scavenging (103.44 mg trolox equivalent [TE]/g extract and 155.70 mg TE/g extract, for DPPH and ABTS assays respectively) and reducing power potential (435.32 and 317.89 mg TE/g extract, for CUPRAC and FRAP assays, respectively). The different extracts showed similar results in the enzyme inhibition assays suggesting that the extraction methods used have no effect on observed enzyme activities. Novelty of our findings are the inhibitory action of the ethanol extract of A. cotula aerial parts on key enzymes associated with Alzheimer's disease (acetyl cholinesterase, butyryl cholinesterase), type 2 diabetes (alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase), and skin hyperpigmentation disorders (tyrosinase). Data collected from the present work further appraises the multiple potential biological properties of stinking chamomile suggesting the need for further investigation on its constituents. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of Biopharmaceutical Properties of Some Taxa Belonging to Meliaceae and Phyllantaceae Family(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2022) Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Aktümsek, AbdurrahmanBu çalışmada, doğal kökenli yeni bir farmasötik bileşenin belirlenmesi amacıyla Meliaceae (Carapa procera ve Pseudocedrela kotschyi) ve Phyllantaceae (Phyllanthus reticulatus ve Uapaca togoensis) familyalarına ait dört türün yaprak ve gövde kabuğu kısımları incelenmiştir. Ekstraktların (su ve methanol) toplam biyoaktif içerikleri, antioksidan aktiviteleri, enzim inhibitör özellikleri (diyabet, nörodejenerasyon ve cilt bozukluğu ile ilgili iki enzim ile ilişkili) ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin tümü incelendi (sekiz mantar ve bakteri suşu). Daha sonra her bitkinin biyoaktif içeriği ve biyoaktivitesi, çok değişkenli bir analiz kullanılarak, bitki bölümlerinin ve ekstraksiyon çözücülerinin bir etkisi olup olmadığını görmek için incelendi. Önemli derecede, P. reticulatus yapraklarının metanol ekstraktı, diğer özütler arasında en yüksek flavanol konsantrasyonu sergiledi. Buna karşılık en düşük toplam fenolik içerik ise, P. reticulatus’un metanolik yaprak ekstraktı ve U. togoensis’in su ve metanolik yaprak ekstraktlarından elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, test edilen özler geniş etkili antibakteriyel özellikler sergilemiştir; Örneğin, U. togoensis yapraklarının su özütü dikkat çekici bir anti- Trichoderma viride, antiMicrococcus flavus, anti- Listeria monocytogenes, anti- Escherichia coli, anti- Salmonella typhimurium ve anti- Enterobacter cloacae aktivitesi gösterdi. P. reticulatus’un yapraklarının su ekstraktı güçlü antiPenicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium aktivitesi sergiledi. P. kotschyi yapraklaının metanol ekstraktı mükemmel anti- Salmonella typhimurium ve anti- Enterobacter cloacae etkisi gösterdi. Genel olarak, tüm türler arasında en yüksek antioksidan ve enzim inhibitör aktiviteleri metanolik gövde kabuğu ekstraktı ile elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, değerlendirilen tüm parametreler çalışma kapsamında kullanılan tüm bitkilerin farklı kısımlarına ve ekstraksiyon çözücüsünün polaritesine bağlı olarak değişkenlik göstermiştir.Öğe Metabolomics profiling, bio-pharmaceutical properties of Hypericum lanuginosum extracts by in vitro and in silico approaches(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2019) Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Zengin, Gökhan; Zheleva-Dimitrova, Dimitrina; Mollica, Adriano; Stefanucci, Azzurra; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad ZakariyyahHypericum species are important as a source of natural-bioactive compounds in the Turkish folk medicine. Among them, Hypericum lanuginosum has not been explored so far for its biological properties. The current study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibitory potential, and phenolic content (spectrophotometric and liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis) of different solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous) of H. lanuginosum aerial parts. Twenty one phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, acylquinic acids, flavonoids and bioflavonoids were identified by LC-HRMS profiles. Quinic acid was the dominant compound in all H. lanuginosum extracts. The highest total phenolic (168.56 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)) and flavonoid (53.22 mg rutin equivalent (RE)) contents were observed in the aqueous extract. Also, the aqueous extract was the best antioxidant, showing the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and activity in the phosphomolybdenum assay. The methanol extract exhibited the strongest metal chelating and inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase and tyrosinase. In contrast, the most efficient inhibitor of cholinesterases and alpha-glucosidase was the ethyl acetate extract. Docking showed that the selected compounds are all possible inhibitor candidates of tyrosinase. To conclude, each solvent extract of H. lanuginosum varied in its chemical and biological profile but overall, possess a good source of many natural agents which can be used to manage ailments inked with oxidative stress.Öğe Multidirectional insights on Chrysophyllum perpulchrum leaves and stem bark extracts: HPLC-ESI-MSn profiles, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2019) Baloğlu, Mehmet Cengiz; Llorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Altunoğlu, Yasemin Çelik; Ustaoğlu, Buket; Öçal, Mustafa; Gürel, Songül; Bene, Kouadio; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Zengin, GökhanCluysophyllum perpulchrum Mildbr. ex Hutch. & Dalziel has been reported to possess several therapeutic properties in African traditional medicine. However, its pharmacological properties have not been fully studied. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of three solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of the stem bark and leaves. Polyphenolic components of the extracts were also identified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn). The methanolic stem bark extract possess the highest DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging, ferric and molybdenum (VI) reducing, and the highest inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The aqueous stem bark extract displayed the highest ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) scavenging and cupric reducing power. In contrast, the leaf ethyl acetate extract was the most effective metal chelator and a-amylase inhibitor while the leaf methanolic extract exhibited the highest tyrosinase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition. The highest total phenolic content (131.58 mg GAE/g extract) was recorded from the methanolic stem bark extract while the leaf methanolic extract was the richest in total flavonoid content (30.43 mg RE/g extract). Flavan-3-ols were main group in the methanol extracts. The minimum inhibitiory concentration values for the methanolic stem bark extract against Gram positive and negative bacteria strains ranged between 62.5-125 mu g/ml. Bark extracts of C. petpulchrtun were very effective against Salmonella kentucky, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus at 62.5 mu g/ml. In addition, cytotoxic activity of stem bark samples was evident at lower concentration than those of leaf extracts. Stem bark extracts displayed the highest prevention against to HeLa cell line (IC50 = 264 mu g/mL after 48 h). In light of the above, C. perpulcluum might provide health benefits against oxidative stress and the associated chronic diseases. Nonetheless, the detailed mechanism of action is yet to be further investigated.Öğe Phytochemical characterization and bioactivities of five Apiaceae species: Natural sources for novel ingredients(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2019) Zengin, Gökhan; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Paksoy, Mehmet Yavuz; Picot-Allain, Carene; Glamocilja, Jasmina; Sokovic, Marina; Diuzheva, Alina; Jeko, Jozsef; Cziáky, Zoltán; Rodrigues, Maria João; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Custodio, LuisaSeveral species of the Apiaceae family have been employed in traditional cultures for their curative virtues. The present study focused on five Apiaceae species, (Falcaria vulgaris (FV), Smyrniopsis aucher( (SA), Smyrniopsis mtutzurdagensis (SM), Smyrnium cordifolium (SC), and Actinolema macrolema (AM)). The antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory (alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase, lipase, and tyrosinase), antimicrobial, phytochemical, and cytotoxicity profiles of the methanol extracts of the selected Apiaceae species were determined. SC extract (35.68 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) possessed the highest phenolic content while the AM extract (56.79 mg rutin equivalent/g extract) had the highest flavonoid content. HPLC-ESI-MS (High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry) analyses showed presence of ferulic acid in all the five species. SC extract exhibited high radical scavenging (59.28 and 94.31 mg Trolox equivalent [TE]/g extract, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid), respectively) and reducing activity (161.44 and 113.62 mg TE/g extract, for CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), respectively). SM extract exhibited the highest cholinesterase's inhibitory action (3.82 and 4.76 mg galantamine equivalent/g extract, for acetyland butyrylcholinesterase, respectively). The extracts showed higher inhibition against alpha-glucosidase (7.32-11.99 mmol acarbose equivalent [ACAE]/g extract) compared to alpha-amylase (0.51-0.55 mmol ACAE/g extract). SC extract was the most active (137.54 mg kojic acid equivalent/g extract) tyrosinase inhibitor and FV extract (113.75 mg Orlistat equivalent/g) the best lipase inhibitor. SM extract showed potent antibacterial effect against B. cereus (MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) 0.180 mg/mL), P. mirabilis (MIC 0.180 mg/mL), M. flavus (MIC 0.560 mg/mL), P. aeruginosa (MIC 0.275 mg/mL), and S. typhimurium (MIC 1.500 mg/mL). FV extract (MIC 0.140 mg/mL) suppressed A. fumigates growth. Cytotoxicity was assessed on murine macrophage (RAW 264.7), human embryonic kidney (HEK 293), and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. FV (60.3%) and SM (57.4%) showed the highest reduction on RAW 264.7 cellular viability, whereas SM (74.1%) showed toxicity against HepG2. This study supports that the Apiaceae species could be considered as promising candidates for the development of novel pharmacophores for the management of several human ailments.Öğe Qualitative Chemical Characterization and Multidirectional Biological Investigation of Leaves and Bark Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae)(MDPI, 2019) Orlando, Giustino; Ferrante, Claudio; Zengin, Gökhan; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Bene, Kouadio; Diuzheva, Alina; Jeko, Jozsef; Cziáky, Zoltán; Di Simone, Simonetta; Recinella, Lucia; Chiavaroli, Annalisa; Leone, Sheila; Brunetti, Luigi; Picot-Allain, Carene Marie Nancy; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Menghini, LuigiAnogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) has a long history of use by folk populations for the management of multiple human ailments. Based on the published literature, there has been no attempt to conduct a comparative assessment of the biological activity and the phytochemical profiles of the leaves and stem bark of A. leiocarpus extracted using methanol, ethyl acetate, and water. By high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn) analysis, quinic, shikimic, gallic, and protocatechuic acids were tentatively identified from all the extracts, while chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic, and dodecanedioic acids were only characterised from the leaves extracts. Additionally, a pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate potential protective effects that are induced by the extracts in rat colon and colon cancer HCT116 cell line. In general, the methanol and water extracts of A. leiocarpus leaves and stem bark showed potent radical scavenging and reducing properties. It was noted that the stem bark extracts were more potent antioxidants as compared to the leaves extracts. The methanol extract of A. leiocarpus leaves showed the highest acetyl (4.68 mg galantamine equivalent/g) and butyryl (4.0 mg galantamine equivalent/g) cholinesterase inhibition. Among ethyl acetate extracts, the pharmacological investigation suggested stem bark ethyl acetate extracts to be the most promising. This extract revealed ability to protect rat colon from lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress, without exerting promoting effects on HCT116 cell line viability and migration. As a conclusion, A. leiocarpus represents a potential source of bioactive compounds in the development of novel therapeutic agents.Öğe Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Heckel stem barks and seed extracts, a native food plant from Africa: Characterization by NMR and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn(ELSEVIER, 2020) Sut, Stefania; Dall'Acqua, Stefano; Bene, Kouadio; di Marco, Serena Barbon; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Picot-Allain, Marie Carene Nancy; Zengin, GökhanRicinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Heckle is used as food ingredient and in the African traditional medicine. In the present study inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase of ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of R. heudelotii seeds and stem bark were assessed. Stem bark extracts exhibited significant antioxidant properties. Ethyl acetate extract of seed had great inhibitory potential against alpha-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLCDAD-ESI-MSn) analysis revealed the presence of catechin and gallic acid derivatives in bark while fatty acid in seeds. Multivariate analysis of obtained data was performed showing a clear separation between seed and stem bark. Obtained results indicate R. heudelotii stem bark as new starting materials for the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations.Öğe Tamarindus indica L. Seed: Optimization of maceration extraction recovery of tannins(SPRINGER, 2020) Cvetanovic, Aleksandra; Uysal, Şengül; Pavlic, Branimir; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Llorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Zengin, GökhanThe seeds of Tamarindus indica L., classified as bio-waste, are powerful sources of bioactive compounds, especially tannins. In order to use its full potential, extraction of such bioactive constituents should be done under the optimized conditions. In the frame of this paper, central-composite experimental design and RSM (response surface methodology) were applied in order to investigate the impact of the maceration parameters on target responses and to optimize extraction process. Extraction was performed under the different levels of extraction solvent (methanol), temperature, and solvent-to-sample ratio. Obtained extracts were evaluated in terms of total phenols, flavanols, and tannin yield and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC). Experimental results were fitted to a second-order polynomial model where regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to determine model fitness and optimal extraction conditions. Optimized extraction conditions determined by RSM were methanol concentration of 69.99%, extraction temperature of 23.38 degrees C, solvent-to-sample ratio of 1:20. Chemical characterization of the extract obtained under the optimized conditions was done by using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS technique. The study could provide a scientific baseline for designing novel functional products from T. indica seeds in further studies.Öğe Utilisation of Rhododendron luteum Sweet bioactive compounds as valuable source of enzymes inhibitors, antioxidant, and anticancer agents(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2020) Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Sieniawska, Elwira; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Picot-Allain, Marie Carene Nancy; Yerlikaya, Şerife; Baloğlu, Mehmet Cengiz; Altunoğlu, Yasemin Çelik; Şenkardeş, İsmail; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Zengin, GökhanEthnobotanical evidences report the use of Rhododendron luteum Sweet (Ericaceae) in traditional medicinal systems. However, R. luteum has been associated to the occurrence of 'mad honey' poisoning. In the present study, the ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of R. luteum were investigated for their in vitro antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic properties. The cytotoxicity of R. luteum extracts on A549 lung cancer cell line was evaluated using MTT cell viability assay. Besides, HPLC-ESI-MSn approach was employed to elucidate the secondary metabolite profiles of R. luteum in order to establish any structure-activity relationship. Methanol and water extracts of R. luteum possessed highest radical scavenging and reducing properties while the ethyl acetate extract showed highest metal chelating properties. In terms of enzyme inhibition, the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of R. luteum, possessing epigallocatechin, were active inhibitors of cholinesterase enzymes, a-glucosidase, and tyrosinase. Water extract caused growth inhibition of A549 cells with 207.2 mu g/ml IC50 value. Though R. luteum has received little scientific attention due to the occurrence of grayanotoxins in the plant, however, data presented in this work shows promising biological activity of R. luteum and highlighted its role as a potential source of antioxidant and key enzyme inhibitors.
