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Cytochemistry of peripheral blood leukocytes in thoroughbred foals
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2013) Ozaydin, T.; Celik, I.; Sur, E.; Oznurlu, Y.; Uluisik, D.
We attempted to characterize the cytochemical staining patterns of leukocytes and to determine the percentages of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACPase) positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood of thoroughbred foals at different ages. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular veins of 60 healthy thoroughbred foals, 1 day, 3 days and 1 year old. Each age group included 10 male and 10 female animals. Peroxidase (PO) activity was detected in neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes. Lymphocytes were negative for PO staining. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was observed in neutrophils and monocytes; eosinophils were negative. The majority of lymphocytes were negative, but a few cells showed granular PAS positivity. Monocytes were strongly positive for ANAE and ACPase, and the enzymatic reaction was common in lymphocytes. Neutrophils showed a weakly positive reaction for ANAE and ACPase. Eosinophil granules were negative or weakly positive for ANAE and usually negative for ACP, but intergranular areas were positive. Mean ANAE positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were 67.70, 73.10 and 49.20% in females; 64.00, 70.53, and 50.60% in males 1 day, 3 days, and 1 year old, respectively. ACPase positive PBL were 27.33, 32.83, and 37.40% in females; 29.67, 31.67, and 38.40% in males 1 day, 3 days, and 1 year old, respectively. For both enzymes, the differences between mean values for the genders were not statistically significant, but significant differences were found with regard to age. We provide comparative hematological data as a guide for identifying blood cells in thoroughbred foals.
Değişik yoğunluktaki pulzatif ultrason tedavisinin kırık iyileşmesi üzerine etkisinin fiziksel, radyolojik ve mikroskobik olarak değerlendirilmesi
(1997) İzci, Celal; Akvi, Sırrı; Alkan, Fahrettin; Çelik, İlhami; Sur, E.
Çalışma, terapötik ultrasonun kırık iyileşmesi üzerine etkisini, fiziksel, radyolojik ve mikroskobik olarak belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırma toplam 48 adet sağlıklı tavşan üzerinde dört grup halinde gerçekleştirildi. Tüm hayvanlara bilateral fibular osteotomi yapıldı. Operasyondan sonraki günden başlamak üzere, hayvanların sol fibulaları üzerine, gruplara göre sıra ile 02, 0.5, 1 ve 1.5 Watt/cm2 yoğunluğunda pulzatif ultrason uygulandı. Uygulama, 10 gün boyunca günde 10 dakikalık seanslar halinde yapıldı. Kontrol grubu olarak kullanılan sağ fibulalar üzerine ise aynı sürelerde ultrason cihazı çalıştırılmaksızın sadece prob friksiyonu uygulandı. Araştırmanın 0.7,15,21 ve30. günlerinde sağ ve sol fibulaların radyografisi alındı. Bir ay sonunda tavşanlara ötenazi yapılarak sağ ve sol fibulaları alındı. Her gruptaki ikişer çift fibula'nın histolojik muayenesi yapıldı. Diğer numunelerde kallus büyüklükler, medio-lateral ve aaterio-posterior eksenlerden, kompas ile ölçüldü. Aynı numunelerde basma ve çekme deneyleri yapılarak kallus mukavemeti değerlendirildi.
The effect of acrylamide on alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase enzyme in blood circulating lymphocytes and gut associated lymphoid tissues in rats
(ELSEVIER GMBH, 2013) Yener, Y.; Sur, E.; Telatar, T.; Oznurlu, Y.
The aim of this study is to determine the functional effects of the acrylamide (AA) administrated by oral gavage on the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) in male Sprague-Dawley rats using alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) demonstration. For this purpose, two separate experiments were performed with Sprague Dawley rats. In Experiment-I rats were gavaged with 0, 30,45 and 60 mg/kg b.w. AA for five consecutive days and in Experiment-II rats were gavaged with 0, 125, 150, and 175 mg/kg/b.w. AA for single oral dose. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatments in both experiments by servical dislocations under ether anaesthesia. Blood samples were collected from the heart in heparinized (IOU! heparin/ml(-1) of the blood) tubes before sacrification and lymphoid tissue samples from the ileal Peyer's patches (IPPs) were taken and processed for histochemical demonstration of ANAE following the sacrification. The lymphoid follicles of the IPPs of animals given 125, 150 and 175 mg/kg b.w. AA were markedly reduced in size. Germinal centres (GCs) markedly regressed in AA-treated animals compared with those of controls. ANAE-positive lymphocyte depletion of IPPs was very prominent in the high doses AA-treated animals. In the animals treated with 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg b.w. AA, the IPPs had similar histology to those of the controls. ANAE-positive peripheral blood lymphocyte levels significantly decreased in AA exposed groups in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05). In conclusion, AA has detrimental effects on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) in rats. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Effects of boron supplementation to the diet on tibia mineral concentrations, peripheral blood leucocytes percentages and some selected variables of layers
(EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO, 2007) Kurtoglu, V.; Kurtoglu, Firuze; Sur, E.; Bulut, Z.; Onder, F.
In this study the effects of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg boron (B) supplementation to diets of laying hens on tibia B, Ca and P (inorganic) concentrations, tibia weight and ash levels (in % and g DM), leucocyte counts (PBL) and positivity of ANAE percentages in peripheral blood were investigated. Boron caused significant (P<0.001) increases of tibia B concentrations but decreased tibia Ca level (P<0.001). Supplementation of B did not affect tibia ash and weight. Whole blood haematocrit and haemoglobin counts were insignificantly (P>0.05) increased by B additions. There was no effect of B supplementation on peripheral blood ANAE percentages and splenic plasma cell counts (SPCC). In general, evidence from this study suggests that the effects of B supplementation on mineral metabolism may be modified by treatment time, the age of the birds, or the type of animal used. But, further research is needed in order to investigate the interaction between B and Ca to obtain maximum beneficial effects on bone metabolism of laying hens.
Effects of long term oral acrylamide administration on alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase activities in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2019) Yener, Y.; Çelik, İ.; Sur, E.; Öznurlu, Y.; Özaydin, T.
Acrylamide is an important industrial chemical; it also is formed in starch-rich foodstuffs during baking, frying and roasting. Most acrylamide exposure occurs by ingestion of processed foods. We investigated possible immunotoxic effects of extended administration of low doses of acrylamide in rats. To do this, we measured alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Male and female weanling Wistar rats were administered 2 or 5 mg acrylamide/kg/day in drinking water for 90days. Peripheral blood was sampled at the end of the administration period. We found ANAE staining in eosinophils and T-lymphocytes, but not in monocytes, platelets, B-lymphocytes and neutrophils. ACP-ase was found in B-lymphocytes. We found a significant reduction of the ratio of ANAE:ACP-ase in lymphocytes of the experimental animals compared to controls. We found no statistically significant differences between the doses or sexes. We found that acrylamide ingested in processed foods might affect the immune system adversely by decreasing the population of mature T- and B-lymphocytes.
Efficacy of Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in Reducing the Immunotoxicity of Aflatoxin in Growing Broilers
(Carfax Publishing, 2000) Çelik, İ.; Oğuz, H.; Demet, Ö.; Dönmez, H. H.; Boydak, M.; Sur, E.
1. Protective action of an enzyme-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, Mycofix(R) Plus) against the immunosuppressive effect of afatoxins (AF) was evaluated by determination of peripheral blood TP-lymphocyte proportions and splenic plasma cell counts. Histological changes in lymphoid organs were also investigated by light microscopy. One-d-old broiler chicks (Hybro) received 2.5 mg/kg diet AF (83.06% AFB(1), 12.98% AFB(2), 2.84% AFG(1), 1.12% AFG(2)) with or without PVPP (3 g/kg diet) until 21 d of age. 2. When compared with the controls, AF treatment significantly decreased peripheral T-lymphocyte counts. AF caused a slight decrease in splenic plasma cell counts. The addition of PVPP to an AF-containing diet significantly increased T-lymphocyte counts. Splenic plasma cell counts were numerically intermediate between control and AF groups. 3. The dietary addition of PVPP to AF-free diet did not significantly alter either T-lymphocyte or splenic plasma cell counts.
Embryotoxicity Assay of Aflatoxin Produced by Aspergillus Parasiticus NRRL 2999
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2000) Çelik, İ.; Oğuz, H.; Demet, O.; Boydak, M.; Dönmez, H. H.; Sur, E.; Nizamlıoğlu, F.
1. The embryotoxicity of mixed aflatoxins (AF) and aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) were evaluated by a modified chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST). Adverse effects on the early embryonic development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius were also investigated by light microscopy. AF consisted of 83.06% AFB(1), 12.98% AFB(2), 2.84% AFG(1) and 1.12% AFG(2). 2. A total of 448 fertilised laying hens' eggs were used. AF and AFB(1) were injected into the eggs at doses of 10, 100 and 1000 ng/egg. Embryonic developmental stages were evaluated according to the Hamburger-Hamilton scale (HH-scale). 3. The results showed that AFB(1) given at 10 ng/egg had a significantly (P<0.05) greater embryotoxic effect than AF given at a similar dose. The higher doses of both AF and AFB(1) caused higher embryonic mortality and also an increase in early deaths. 4. In the groups receiving 100 ng/egg AF and AFB(1) an abnormal development was seen, with a protruded central region, corresponding to the area pellucida of the blastoderm. No other developmental abnormality attributable to AF or AFB(1) was found.
Enzyme histochemical and serological investigations on the immune system from chickens treated in ovo with aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1))
(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2011) Sur, E.; Celik, I.; Oznurlu, Y.; Aydin, M. F.; Oguz, H.; Kurtoglu, V.; Ozaydin, T.
In this study, the detrimental effects of in ova administrated antitoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) on the immune system of chickens in the post-hatching period were investigated by enzyme histochemical and serological methods. For this purpose, 730 laying hen eggs were divided into 7 groups [3 control groups (not-treated, drilled-sealed and 30% ethanol (solvent)-injected groups) and 4 assay groups in which eggs were injected with increasing AFB(1) doses (2.5, 7.5, 12.5 and 17.5 ng/egg)] then conventionally incubated. The chickens were vaccinated against the Newcastle Disease (ND) and the Infectious Bursal Disease (I BE)) viruses on days 2, 5, 20 and on days 10 and 15 post-hatching, respectively. The serum antibody titres were assayed at the 1(st) and 28(th) days using Haemagglutination-Inhibition Test and ELISA respectively. The proportions of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the ANAE (alphanaphtyl acetate esterase) or ACP-ase (acid phosphatase) positive lymphocytes/PBL ratios were determined on the days 1, 10,20 and 28. The AFB(1)-treatment caused significant decreases in both the ANAE and ACP-ase positivity ratios of PBL., depending on the AFB(1) dose, during the post-hatching period, but the PBL counts were significantly depressed at the end of the experimental period only in chickens treated in ovo by the highest AFB(1) close (17.5 ng/egg). The anti-IBD antibody titres measured on the hatching day (maternal antibodies) and the anti-ND and IBD antibody titres measured on the day 28 post-hatching were significantly reduced in chicks treated with 12.5 and 17.5 ng AFB(1)/egg compared to the controls and have also gradually declined according to the AFB(1) dose. The results clearly evidenced that AFB(1) transferred into the fertilised eggs has caused deficiency in cellular and Immoral immunity and particularly in the embryo transfer of the maternal antibodies, that can partially explain the observed immunosuppressive AFB(1) effects in poultry.
Hematology and Enzyme Histochemistry of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Domestic Pigeon (Columba Livia f. Domestica)
(Informa Healthcare, 2012) Oznurlu, Y.; Sur, E.; Celik, I.; Ozaydin, T.
The purpose of our study was to determine the percentages of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)-positive and acid phosphatase (ACP)-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in both sexes of one-year-old domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica). Blood samples obtained from 12 healthy domestic pigeons were used. The mean percentages of ANAE-positive PBL for females and males were 47.8% and 48.8%, respectively, whereas the mean percentages of ACP-ositive PBL were 67.5% and 68.6%, respectively. The proportions of PBL were 49.3% and 48.6% in males and females, respectively.
Hematology and enzyme histochemistry of the peripheral blood leucocytes in rock partridges (Alectoris graeca)
(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2008) Donmez, H. H.; Sur, E.
The purpose of this study was to determine the percentages of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase ( ANAE)positive and acid phosphatase ( ACP)-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the percentages of leukocytes in the rock partridge at different ages. Blood samples obtained from the vena basilica of 18 healthy rock partridges (Alectoris graeca) at 1 d, 5 wk, and 12 wk of age were used. Mean percentages of ANAE-positive PBL for the 3 age groups were 37, 29.83, and 47.83% for 1 d, 5 wk, and 12 wk of age, respectively. Heterophils also gave ANAE-positive reactions. Mean percentages of ACP-positive PBL for the 3 age groups were 70, 81, and 86.1% for 1 d, 5 wk, and 12 wk of age, respectively. Although monocytes showed a diffuse granular staining pattern, heterophils displayed a weak positive reaction for ACP. Thrombocytes showed a small granular staining pattern. This study contributes by broadening the hematological research on avian species and provides a guideline for identifying blood cells in the rock partridge.
Histochemical and Histological Evaluations of the Effects of High Incubation Temperature on Embryonic Development of Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius in Broiler Chickens
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Öznurlu, Yasemin; Çelik, I.; Telatar, T.; Sur, E.
1. The effects of experimentally induced heat-stress on the embryonic development of bursa of Fabricius and thymus of the chicken were investigated by means of histological and enzyme histochemical methods. 2. In the experiments, 250 fertile eggs of the Ross 308 broiler strain were divided into two groups. The control eggs were maintained under optimal conditions (378 degrees C and 65 +/- 2% relative humidity, RH) during the whole incubation period. Heat stressed eggs were maintained under normal conditions (378 degrees C and 65 +/- 2% RH) until the 10th d of incubation and then exposed continuously (24 h per d) to high temperature (388 degrees C and 65 +/- 2% RH). Blood and tissue samples were taken from 10 animals of each group at d 13, 15, 18 and 21 of incubation and at d 2, 4 and 7 post-hatch. Tissue samples were processed for enzyme histochemical methods in addition to routine histological techniques. 3. The results revealed that egg temperatures were higher than incubator air temperature. Long-term heat-stress (401-406 degrees C egg temperature) retarded development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius. Peripheral blood ACP-ase and ANAE-positive lymphocyte levels of heat-stressed animals were lower than in the controls. 4. These results give some morphological evidence for immunosuppression induced by high temperature exposure during the embryonic development. Temperature distribution and air circulation in incubator should be questioned in the case of lower broiler flock immunity.
Histological and Enzyme Histochemical Investigation of The Hemal Nodes of The Hair Goat
(Informa Healthcare, 2012) Ozaydin, T.; Sur, E.; Celik, I.; Oznurlu, Y.; Aydin, M. F.
We investigated the structure of the hemal node in six healthy hair goats using histological and enzyme histochemical methods. After processing, tissue sections were stained with Crossman's trichrome, Gordon-Sweet's silver and Pappenheim's panoptic stains. Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) were demonstrated in frozen sections. Hemal nodes were encapsulated by connective tissue and few smooth muscle cells. Several trabeculae originated from the capsule and extended into the hemal node. A subcapsular sinus was present beneath the capsule and was continuous with the deeper sinuses. Subcapsular and deep sinuses were filled with erythrocytes. The parenchyma consisted of lymphoid follicles, diffuse interfollicular lymphocytes and irregular wide lymphoid cords. Cortical and medullary regions were not distinct. ANAE (+) and ACP-ase (+) cells were located mainly in the germinal centers of the lymphoid follicles and also were scattered equally in the interfollicular region and lymphoid cords. Monocytes, macrophages and reticular cells displayed a diffuse positive reaction, whereas localized granular positivity was observed in lymphocytes. We demonstrated that the general structure of the hair goat hemal nodes is similar to that of other ruminant species.
Investigation of Alpha-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase and Acid Phosphatase in the Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Greyhounds
(Informal Healthcare, 2012) Aydin, M. F.; Celik, I.; Sur, E.
The purpose of our study was to determine the percentages of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)and acid phosphatase (ACP)-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), the presence of the ANAE and ACP enzymes in leukocytes, and the proportion of PBL in greyhounds. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the cephalic antebrachial vein of 14 (7 animals of each sex) healthy 1-2-year-old greyhounds. Mean percentages of ANAE-positive PBL were found to be 73.29 +/- 0.95% in female and 74.29 +/- 2.21% in male dogs. The difference between mean values of the genders was not statistically significant. The ACP values were 36.00 +/- 2.94% for females and 33.57 +/- 2.15% for males. No significant differences were found with regard to gender. For both enzymes, although monocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes displayed a positive reaction, neutrophils gave negative reactions. The proportion of PBL was 36.29 +/- 5.31% and 33.00 +/- 2.38 % in female and male dogs, respectively. The differences were not significant.
A Morphological and Morphometrical Study on the Sacculus Rotundus and İleum of the Angora Rabbit
(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2006) Besoluk, K.; Eken, E.; Sur, E.
The aim of this study was to reveal morphological and morphometrical properties of the sacculus rotundus (SR) and ileum in the Angora rabbit. For this purpose, a total of thirteen adult healthy Angora rabbits of both sexes were used. At the level of the junction of the ileum and SR, the ileum invaginated into the SR by protruding in 9 Angora rabbits, but joined directly the SR in 21. Numerous aggregate lymph follicles located just under the tunica serosa formed outstanding macroscopic polygonal areas on the external surface of the SR. In the inner wall of the SR, irregular projections were seen grossly. The saccorotundocecal orifice was found to be bordered laterally by two folds facing the cecum. These folds enclosed small polygonal spaces with mushroom shaped protrusions. The mean lengths and weights of SR and ileum in male were larger than those in female, and the related values also had statistical significance ( P < 0.05). Compared with the ileum, the SR had short and thick villi, had a large amount of crypts and aggregated lymphoid follicles, and had a much thicker wall and much wider lumen. The crescent- like-hollows were detected between the lamina propria and the apical portions of the lymph follicles. The results from this study are thought to shed light on future studies on the digestive system and proper diagnosis of pathological disorders related to it in the Angora rabbit, and to contribute to the present morphological knowledge on the SR and ileum in this species.
Morphological studies on lyssa in cats and dogs
(CZECH ACADEMY AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2006) Besoluk, K.; Eken, E.; Sur, E.
The aim of this study is to reveal the morphology of the lyssa in the cat and dog. Eight heads of adult healthy cats and eight heads of dogs of both sexes were used as materials. In the cat the lyssa, yellow coloured, had a helical appearance and its edge facing the oral cavity became sharp; in the dog the lyssa, pinkish white coloured, was more or less J-shaped. The whole body of the cat's lyssa was buried among the intrinsic lingual muscles. In the dog, although aboral, two thirds of the lyssa were squeezed among the intrinsic lingual muscles, its cranial third was placed just under the mucosa to protrude slightly into the oral cavity. In both species, the whole body of the lyssa was determined to have been formed by the nearly adipose tissue in which occasional striated muscles existed. Moreover, in the middle third of the dog's lyssa, dense striated muscle fibres were seen dorsally to the adipose tissue, and we also noticed with interest that the lyssa sheath embracing this part contained few muscle spindle-like structures. It was of interest that in the cat a pyramidal rod encircled by a fine capsule of connective tissue was attached to the ventral edge of the cranial third of the lyssa.

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