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Öğe Boron Content of Cultivated Soils in Central-Southern Anatolia and Its Relationship with Soil Properties and Irrigation Water Quality(Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ, 2002) Gezgin, Sait; Dursun, Nesim; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Harmankaya, Mustafa; Önder, Mustafa; Sade, Bayram; Topal, Ali; Soylu, Süleyman; Akgün, Necdet; Yorgancılar, Mustafa; Ceyhan, Ercan; Çiftçi, Nizamettin; Acar, Bilal; Gültekin, İrfan; Işık, Yusuf; Cevdet, Şeker; Babaoğlu, MehmetBoron toxicity may occur in semi-arid regions due to high levels of B in soils, in the ground water, in fertilisers or in irrigation water (U.S. Salinity Lab. Staff, 1954; Nable et al., 1997). Boron availability is affected by soil properties, principally pH, salt content, organic matter, lime, soil texture and exchangeable cations (Keren and Bingham, 1985; Sakal and Singh, 1995; Rahmatullah et al, 1999). According to Wilcox and Durum (1967), the minimum B concentration in irrigation water for a given crop species that does not reduce yield or lead to injury (symptoms) ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 mg B I¹ for sensitive crops, to 1.0 to 2.0 mgl¹ for semi-tolerant crops, and 2.0 to 4.0 mgl¹ for tolerant plant species.Öğe Characteristics of Grains and Oils of Four Different Oats (Avena Sativa L.) Cultivars Growing in Turkey(Informa Healthcare, 2006) Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Özkan, Gülcan; Topal, AliSome physical and chemical properties of four oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties (BDMY-6, BDMY-7, Che-Chois and Y-2330) harvested from Konya in Turkey were investigated. The weight of the grain, moisture, crude protein, crude ash, crude fibre, crude energy, crude oil and water-soluble extract contents of all oat variety grains were analysed. Contents of aluminium, calcium, cadmium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, lead, potassium and manganese were also determined in the oat grains. The specific gravity, refractive index, free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter were determined in the grain oil. Tocopherol contents of these four oat grain oils were measured. Palmitic acid (15.72%), oleic acid (33.97-51.26%) and linoleic acid (22.80-35.90%) were found to be rich in protein, oil, fibre, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals, suggesting that they may be valuable for food uses. Due to high nutritive values, it is recommended to process for healthy food products.Öğe Determination of wild wheat genetic resources that can contribute best to boron toxicity tolerance in cultivars(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2007) Hakki, Erdogan E.; Uygan, Songul; Babaoglu, Mehmet; Topal, Ali; Gezgin, Sait[Abstract not Available]Öğe Diallel cross analysis in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.): identification of best parents for some kernel physical features(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2004) Topal, Ali; Aydın, Cevat; Akgün, Necdet; Babaoğlu, MehmetA complete diallel cross study of three local populations (Ahmet, Dalli and Iri) and one cultivar (Cakmak-79) of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) was carried out with parents and F, progeny, to determine heterotic patterns, correlations, heritability and combining ability of various kernel physical features. The relative importance of additive vs. non-additive genetic effects was also determined. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) components of variance were significant for all of the features examined, but reciprocal effects (RE) were significant only for kernel projected area (KPA) and kernel rupture strength (KRS). GCA effects were dominant for kernel length (KL), KPA, kernel sphericity (KS) and thousand kernel weight (TKW). The magnitude of GCA variance was more pronounced than SCA variance for all these features. However, SCA effects were dominant for kernel width (KW), kernel height (KH) and KRS. KRS, an important parameter during sowing, harvest and milling, had significantly positive linear correlations with KL, KH, KPA and TKW and negative correlations with KS. TKW in durum wheat can be increased by selecting progenies with high KL, KH and KPA values whereas the opposite is true with higher KW and KS values. Accordingly, the parent Iri used in this study appears to be a suitable donor in breeding programs where improved kernel physical features are desired. Path and stepwise regression analyses revealed that KH has been the major feature in increasing TKW due to its high direct effect on this feature. On the other hand, KW and KS were the main features directly contributing to higher KRS values. It is suggested that early selection of breeding lines with respect to higher KH and to higher KW and KS should help breeders to improve cultivars with better KRS and TKW values, respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of nitric oxide on the tolerance mechanism of bread wheat genotypes under drought stress(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2014) Hamurcu, Mehmet; Demiral, Tijen; Calik, Merve; Avsaroglu, Z. Zeynep; Celik, Ozgur; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Topal, Ali[Abstract not Available]Öğe Effect of nitric oxide on the tolerance mechanism of bread wheat genotypes under salinity stress(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2014) Hakki, Erdogan Esref; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Demiral, Tijen; Avsaroglu, Zuhal Zeynep; Calik, Merve; Zengin, Mehmet; Topal, Ali[Abstract not Available]Öğe Effects of sowing and harvesting dates on yield and some quality characteristics of crops in sugar beet/cereal rotation system(JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2008) Öztürk, Özden; Topal, Ali; Akınerdem, Fikret; Akgün, NecdetBACKGROUND: Cereals are the main crops in rotation following sugar beet harvest. However, a delay in planting winter cereals as a result of late sugar beet harvest is a disadvantage in sugar beet/cereal rotations. In this study, field trials were carried out to investigate the effects of sowing and harvesting dates on the yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and cereals (wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and six-rowed barley, Hordeum vulgare L.) during two consecutive years. Beet was sown on three dates and harvested on four dates, followed by cereals which were sown on four dates. Root yield and digestion ratio (sugar beet) and grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, test weight and protein content (wheat and barley) were determined. RESULTS: The highest root yield (52.53 t ha(-1)) was obtained from early sown (5 April) and late harvested (1 November) beet, while the highest digestion ratio (17.4%) was obtained from late sown (3 May) and late harvested (1 November) beet. Lower cereal grain yields were obtained from later sowings. The highest grain yields (5.87 and 6.02 t ha(-1)) were obtained from earlier sown wheat. Protein content was also affected by sowing date, which appeared to be very important under unstable climatic conditions. CONCLUSION: It is essential to consider the timing of sowing of cereal crops when unstable climatic conditions are present. Hence sowing date recommendations in regular climatic conditions may be misleading for countries dependent on winter rainfall for cereal production. (C) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.Öğe Efficiency of Topdressed Nitrogen Sources and Application Times in Fallow-Wheat Cropping System(Marcel Dekker Inc, 2003) Topal, Ali; Yalvaç, K.; Akgün, NecdetYield and quality of bread wheat in dry farming can be significantly affected by environmental conditions and fertilizer applications. This study was conducted to determine the effect of year, nitrogen (N) sources and topdressed times on the grain yield and quality traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a fallow-cereal system in calcareous soils over two years, 1995/96 and 1997/98, in Central Anatolia. Three N sources, urea, ammonium nitrate (AN) and ammonium sulphate (AS), were applied as hand broadcast on the soil surface during spring at four different times. Timing and N rate applications including; 0kg N ha(-1) (N-0), 40kg N ha(-1) at early spring (N-E), 40kg N ha(-1) at late spring (N-L), and a split application of 20 kg N ha(-1) at early and 20 kg N ha(-1) at late spring (N-EL). The traits investigated were grain yield, protein content, protein yield, 1000 kernel weight and grain size. Effects of year (Y), N source (N) and timing (T) on yield and quality traits differed significantly. While grain and protein yield were significantly affected by Y x N x T interaction (p < 0.05), protein content, 1000 kernel weight and grain size were significantly affected by Y and T (p < 0.01). Y2 x urea x N-E gave the highest grain yield (2.78 t ha(-1)) while the highest protein yield (0.31 t ha(-1)) was obtained from Y1 x urea x N-EL interaction. Overall topdressed urea increased grain and protein yield more than similarly applied AN and AS. Spring applied topdressed N increased grain yield and protein yield, but decreased 1000 kernel weight and grain size (> 2.5 mm).Öğe EVALUATION OF CENTRAL ANATOLIAN BARLEY LANDRACES FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT(NATL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT INST, 2012) Akgün, Necdet; Topal, Ali; Akçura, MevlütThis study was conducted to characterize 201 two-rowed barley accessions, collected from 11 provinces of Central Anatolian Region of Turkey by quantitative and qualitative traits and to develop pure lines by selecting for yield and quality traits. Experiments were carried out in Konya dry conditions. In the first year of the study (2007-2008) these accessions and 3 checks were studied by Augmented Design. In the second year (2008-2009), 696 single plants selected in the first year and the same control varieties were planted in plant rows by Augmented Design, and grain yield and some yield and quality components were measured. In the third year (2009-2010) 174 pure lines selected in the second year with 13 control varieties were tested by Augmented Design. The characters measured included grain yield, protein ratio, thousand grain weight, test weight, heading time and plant height. Compared with control varieties, some pure lines showed superiority with respect to these characters. According to the research results, 11 two-rowed barley lines with the yield and qualitative features desired for consumers can be offered for crop improvement.Öğe Factor Analysis of Yield Traits in Genotypes of Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum)(2002) Kaya, Yüksel; Topal, Ali; Gonülal, Erdal; Arısoy, Rıfat ZaferIn a study carried out during 1998-99 crop season, factor analysis was applied to various yield traits of the populations obtained from 4 x 4 full diallel crosses of 4 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties, viz 'Kizitan 91', 'C 1252', 'Cakmak 79' and 'Selcuklu 97'. Correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was positively associated with plant height, spike length, spike weight, kernels/spike, kernel weight/spike, spikelets/spike, peduncle length and days to heading except spike density. Factor analysis reduced 10 traits into 2 factors. Factor 1 consisting of plant height, spike density, days to heading, grain yield, peduncle lenght, kernels/spike, and kernel weight/spike explained 70% of the total variation. However, Factor 2 comprising spikelets/spike, spike length, and spike weigth, explained 13% of the total variation.Öğe Genetic gains in wheat in Turkey: Winter wheat for dryland conditions(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017) Keser, Mesut; Gummadov, Nurberdy; Akin, Beyhan; Belen, Savas; Mert, Zafer; Taner, Seyfi; Topal, AliWheat breeders in Turkey have been developing newvarieties since the 1920s, but fewstudies have evaluated the rates of genetic improvement. This study determined wheat genetic gains by evaluating 22 winter/facultative varieties released for rainfed conditions between 1931 and 2006. The studywas conducted at three locations in Turkey during 2008-2012, with a total of 21 test sites. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates in 2008 and 2009 and three replicates in 2010-2012. Regression analysis was conducted to determine genetic progress over time. Mean yield across all 21 locations was 3.34 t ha(-1), but varied from 1.11 t ha(-1) to 6.02 t ha(-1) and was highly affected by moisture stress. Annual genetic gain was 0.50% compared to Ak-702, or 0.30% compared to the firstmodern landmark varieties. The genetic gains in drought-affected sites were 0.75% compared to Ak-702 and 0.66% compared to the landmark varieties. Modern varieties had both improved yield potential and tolerance to moisture stress. Rht genes and rye translocations were largely absent in the varieties studied. The number of spikes per unit area decreased by 10% over the study period, but grains spike(-1) and 1000-kernel weight increased by 10%. There were no significant increases in harvest index, grain size, or spike fertility, and no significant decrease in quality over time. Future use of Rht genes and rye translocations in breeding programs may increase yield under rainfed conditions. (C) 2017 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.Öğe Heavy Metal Contents of Barley (Hordeum SP.) Plants at Areas Around the City(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2010) Akgün, Necdet; Topal, Ali; Kahraman, AliThis study was conducted to analyze concentrations of heavy metals in plants and soils of barley fields which were growing around of Konya city (Central Anatolia, Turkey). The samples of plants and soils were collected from different areas of two directions (North and South) and two distances (0 and 50 km) of the city. The samples of plants were analyzed for heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni) measured by ICP-OES. The samples of soils were also analyzed for basic chemical properties (pH, humus and carbonate contents). The results revealed a large variability within the nearness and direction of the city for heavy metal contents of both plant and soil samples. Generally, higher amounts of heavy metals in samples taken near (0 km) the city were observed.Öğe HEAVY METAL CONTENTS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM SP.) PLANTS AT AREAS AROUND THE MAIN ROADS(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2010) Akgün, Necdet; Topal, Ali; Kahraman, AliThis study was conducted to analyze concentrations of heavy metals in plants and soils of barley fields standing along main roads of Konya city (Central Anatolia, Turkey). The samples of plants and soils were collected from different areas of two distances (0 and 1 km) of main roads and analyzed for heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni) measured by ICP-OES. The samples of soils were also analyzed for basic chemical properties (pH, humus and carbonate contents). The results revealed a large variability within the nearness and direction of main roads for heavy metal contents of both plant and soil samples. Generally, higher amounts of heavy metals in samples taken near (0 km) the main roads were observed.Öğe Implication of nitric oxide on growth and development of wheat under drought conditions(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2014) Demiral, Tijen; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Avsaroglu, Zuhal Zeynep; Calik, Merve; Almas, Semra; Hakki, Erdogan Esref; Topal, Ali[Abstract not Available]Öğe Introgression of salt tolerance genes in Turkish wheat genotypes using marker-assisted backcross breeding(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018) Khan, Mohd Kamran; Pandey, Anamika; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Gezgin, Sait; Topal, Ali; Tamkoç, Ahmet; Akgün, Necdet[Abstract not Available]Öğe Konya ekolojik şartlarında bazı arpa çeşitlerinde (Hordeum vulgare L.) farklı ekim zamanlarının kışa dayanıklılık, dane verimi verim unsurları ve kalite özelliklerine etkileri üzerine bir araştırma(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1993-11-17) Topal, Ali; Mülayim, MevlütBu araştırma, iki yıl süreyle (1990-1991 ve 1991-1992), arpa çeşitlerinde (Cum- huriyet-50, Anadolu-86, Obruk-86, Yeşilköy-387, Hamidiye-85, Bülbül-89, Tokak-157/ 37 ve Efes-1) farklı ekim zamanlarmın kıştan çıkış oranı, dane verimi, verim ve bazı kalite özelliklerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla sulu şartlarda yapılmıştır. Bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemede, arpa çeşitleri 21 EyIül-30 Kasım tarihleri arasında birer hafta aralıklarla on farklı zamanda ekilmiştir. Kıştan çıkış oranı, dane verimi, verim ve kalite unsurları bakımından çeşitler ve ekim zamanlan arasında istatistiki açıdan önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. İki yıllık orta lamalara göre en yüksek kıştan çıkış oranı (% 96.67) ve dane verimi (567.42 kg/da) To- kak- 157/37 çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. 21 Eylül- 19 Ekim tarihleri arasında yapılan ekimlerden, diğer ekim zamanlarına göre daha yüksek kıştan çıkış oranı ve dane verimi alın mıştır. Geciken ekim kıştan çıkış oranını ve dane verimini olumsuz yönde etkilemiş ve ekim zamanının gecikmesiyle ortalama % 41.69 oranında verim kaybı olmuştur. Bu araştırmada dane verimi ile; kıştan çıkış oranı, m^'de bitki sayısı, m^'de ferîil başak sayısı, bayrak yaprağı ayası genişliği ve hasat indeksi arasında olumlu-çok önemli, bitkide fertil kardeş sayısı, başak uzunluğu ve bin dane ağırlığı arasında olumlu-önemli, bayrak yaprağı ayası uzunluğu ve bitki boyu arasında olumlu-önemsiz ilişkiler bulun muştur. Dane verimi ile kavuz oram arasında olumsuz-çok önemli, başakta dane sayısı arasında olumsuz-önemli başakta dane ağırlığı ve ham protein oranı arasında ise olumsuz- önemsiz ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir.Öğe REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF GRAIN WEIGHT PER PLANT IN BARLEY CROSSES(SCIENTIFIC ISSUES NATL CENTRE AGRARIAN SCIENCES, 2011) Akgün, Necdet; Topal, AliAKGUN, N. and A. TOPAL, 2011. Regression analysis of grain weight per plant in barley crosses. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 17: 773-776 The knowledge of inheritance mode is a permanent requirement in successful plant breeding. Grain weight per plant has been investigated in a trial consisting of 4 divergent barley varieties (Bulbul 89, V. nudum L., Karatay 94 and H. spontaneum Koch.) grown in 4x4 diallel. ANOVA showed meaningful contribution both, additive and non-additive components in total variation. Regression analysis revealed different array of dominant and recessive alleles, as well as, complex inheritance system was detected. The V. nudum L. held predominant number of recessive genes, while variety Karatay 94 harboured more dominant genes for the trait in study. The results were strongly influenced by parental divergence and complexity of the inheritance system for the trait in study.Öğe Remifentanil-sevoflurane-nitrous Oxide Anaesthesia: the Effects of Propofol or Thiopentone on Early Cognitive Function and Recovery in Moderate Aged and Elderly Women [remifentanil-sevofluran-azotprotoksit Anestezisinde Propofol ve Tiyopenton'un Orta ve ileri Yaştaki Kadinlarda Derlenmeye ve Erken Kognitif Fonksiyonlara Etkisi](2002) Öztin, Öğün Cemile; Topal, Ali; Duman, Ateş; Erol, A.; Ökeşli, SelminIn this study, we investigated the cognitive functions and recovery following thiopentone or propofol induction before remifentanil and sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia, in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy operations. In 67 ASA I-III class women (age:40-76), anaesthesia was induced with 1,5 mg/kg propofol in Group PR (n=31), and 5 mg/kg thiopentone in Group TR (n=36). Mivacurium was used for muscle relaxation. Anaesthesia was maintained with 0.25 ?/kg/h remifentanil, and a mixture of 0.5 MAC sevoflurane-nitrous oxide: oxygen (60:40). Heart rate (HR.), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR) and SpO2 were recorded. Mini-mental test (MMT), postanaesthesia Aldrete scoring (PAS) pain scores using visual analog scale (VAS) with the changing times of sedation scores using 4 point sedation scale were recorded simultaneousely. In group PR HR and MAP decreased after induction. In both groups MMT scores were lower than their preopertive values and MMT scores were decreased in group TR when compared to group PR postoperatively. (Preoperatively 23.1±3.7 vs 23.3±4.9, postoperatively 17.1±5.7 vs 14.0±6.0) (p<0.05). MMT application time was longer than Group PR. (p<O.05). In group TR, PAS scores were more decreased (Group TR: 7.2±1.3 and 9.0±0.9; Group PR: 8.3±1.3 and 9.6±0.5) (p<0.05). VAS scores were higher in Group TR. The incidence of postoperative nausea-vomiting was lower in Group PR (p<0.05). Thiopentone used for induction before nitrousoxide-remifentanil-sevoflurane anaesthesia considerably prolonged the return of early cognitive functions and recovery time in middle-advanced aged women when compared with propofol.Öğe Responses of Irrigated Durum and Bread Wheat Cultivars to Boron Application in a Low Boron Calcareous Soil(Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2005) Soylu, Süleyman; Sade, Bayram; Topal, Ali; Akgün, Necdet; Gezgin, Sait; Hakkı, Erdoğan Eşref; Babaoğlu, MehmetCereals are sensitive to micronutrient problems. Central Anatolian soils show great variation with respect to both deficiency and toxicity of boron (B). Hence, screening of major wheat cultivars grown in the region with respect to their sensitivity to B is of great importance for the area. Six durum (Triticum durum L. cvs. Kiziltan-91, Ç-1252, Selçuklu-97, Kunduru- 1 149, Yilmaz-98 and Çakmak-79) and 6 bread (Triticum aestivum L. cvs., Gün-91, Kinaci-97, Gölksu-99, Türkmen, Bezostaja-1 and Sultan-95) wheat cultivars were studied in field experiments for their responses to B application when grown in soils low in extractable B (0.19 mg 8 kg-1) during the 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 growing seasons. Agronomic characteristics such as grain yield, sterility, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per m2, thousand kernel weight and flag leaf B concentration were investigated as affected by the application of 3 kg B ha-1 as a spray of boric acid (H3BO3,) to soil. Agronomic characteristics of bread and durum wheat cultivars varied remarkably with the application of B, its deficiency in the soil, and seasonal conditions. B application increased the grain yield by 9.6% on average in durum wheat and by 10.9% in bread wheat. Kiziltan-91 and Yilmaz-98 among durum wheat cultivars, and Gün-91 and Bezostaja-1 among bread wheat cultivars were the most sensitive to B deficiency having the highest grain yields when treated with B. On the other hand, Ç-1252 and Çakmak-79 (durum wheat), Kinaci-97 and Sultan-95 (bread wheat) showed tolerance to B deficiency since their high yield capacities were not affected by B deficiency. This study revealed that B deficiency can depress the yield in cereals to a great extent. Soil B analyses before the cultivation of cereals are, therefore, required to prevent yield losses. In addition, cultivars showing tolerance to B deficiency can be used in breeding programs aiming at the development of B-efficient cultivars.Öğe Yield and Yield Attributes of Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) as Affected by Boron Application(Kluwer Academic/plenum Publ, 2002) Topal, Ali; Gezgin, Sait; Akgün, Necdet; Dursun, Nesim; Babaoğlu, Mehmet[Abstract not Available]
