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Öğe Acute-Phase Proteins, Oxidative Stress and Enzyme Activities of Blood Serum and Peritoneal Fluid in Cattle with Abomasal Displacement(WILEY, 2012) Maden, M.; Ozturk, A. S.; Bulbul, A.; Avci, G. E.; Yazar, E.Background Blood serum and peritoneal fluid acute-phase proteins, oxidative stress indicators, and some enzymes could be used for evaluation of abomasal tissue damage because of displacement in displaced abomasum (DA) cases. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of acute-phase proteins, oxidative stress indicators, and activities of enzymes in blood serum and peritoneal fluid in cattle with right displaced abomasum (RDA) and left displaced abomasum (LDA) and in healthy cows. Animals A total of 60 Holstein Friesian cows in early lactation were used, 31 with left and 9 with right displaced abomasum without volvulus diagnosis and no other postpartum disease, and 20 healthy cows as a control. Materials and Methods DA diagnosis in dairy cows consisted of physical examination, laboratory, and specific DA tests. Acute-phase proteins, oxidative stress indicators, and enzyme activities were measured in blood serum and peritoneal fluid. Results In the RDA group, serum haptoglobin (HPG), serum amyloid A (SAA), malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), myeleperoxidase (MPO), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK, creatine kinaseMB (CK-MB), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity increased significantly, and serum HPG, MDA, ADA, and AST concentrations increased significantly in the LDA group (P < .05). Peritoneal fluid HPG, MDA, ADA, MPO, ALP, GGT, and LDH concentrations increased significantly, whereas NO concentrations reduced significantly in the RDA group, and HPG, MDA, ADA, and TP concentrations increased significantly, whereas concentrations of NO reduced significantly in the LDA group (P < .05). Conclusions and Clinical Importance There are acute-phase responses, oxidative stress, and abomasal tissue damage because of displacement in DA cases. Especially, HPG, MDA, ADA, and MPO concentrations can provide specific information to help in understanding these changes.Öğe Effect of flunixin meglumin on the antioxidant status in endotoxemia(SCIENDO, 2007) Konyalioglu, S.; Er, A.; Uney, K.; Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.In this study, the effects of flunixin meglumin on the antioxidant status during endotoxemia were investigated. Thirty Balb/C mice were divided into three equal groups. Mice with no treatment formed the control group (group I). Mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS + flunixin meglumin (FM) formed groups II and III, respectively. An mice were sacrificed and tissue samples were collected 6 hours after treatments. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), as well as levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined spectrophotometrically. LPS caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in levels of MDA (heart, kidney, spleen) which is an accepted biomarker of oxidative stress, and changed the levels of SOD, GPX, CAT and GSH. When FM was administered simultaneously with LPS, FM inhibited (p < 0.05) the increase of MDA levels in an tissues. As results, LPS caused MDA levels and oxidative stress to increase. However, FM depressed the LPS induced increase of MDA levels. This antioxidant effect of FM may be beneficial in endotoxemia.Öğe Effect of tilmicosin on serum cytokine productions(WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2009) Elmas, M.; Er, A.; Avci, G. E.; Bulbul, A.; Uney, K.; Yazar, E.[Abstract not Available]Öğe The Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid on the Phagocytic Function of Bovine Neutrophils in Vitro(ECOLE NATIONAL VET TOULOUSE, 1998) Baş, A. L.; Traş, B.; Elmas, M.; Keskin, E.; Yazar, E.Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, has been used for its analgesic and antiinflammatory properties. Its stimulating effect on the immune system has recently been described. In the present study, the effect of ASA on phagocytic and microbicidal activity was investigated in vitro at the concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 250 and 500 mu g/ml in the peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) of twelve healthy Holstein heifers. The functions of PMNL were evaluated with flourescent microscopy using flourochrome dye, acridine orange. In this study, all the results compared to the controls at the concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mu g/ml of ASA revealed that phagocytosis increased from 74.25 % to 80.3, 80.5 and 83.7 %, respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease of phagocytic activity of PMNL between the 500 mu g/ml of ASA and control group. In addition to this, the microbicidal activity increased at the dose of 50 mu g/ml of ASA (97.1 %). Whereas there was a decrease at doses of 250 (87.4 %) and 500 mu g/ml of ASA (87.3 %) compared with the control group (92.2 %). The results of the in vitro experiments showed that the function of bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes was altered by different concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid.Öğe Effects of enrofloxacin, flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone on disseminated intravascular coagulation and cytokine levels in endotoxemia(WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2009) Elmas, M.; Bulbul, A.; Avci, G. E.; Er, A.; Uney, K.; Yazar, E.; Tras, B.[Abstract not Available]Öğe Effects of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract and Nerium oleander distillate on experimentally induced colon cancer(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2019) Er, A.; Ozdemir, O.; Coskun, D.; Dik, B.; Bahcivan, E.; Faki, H. Eser; Yazar, E.The aim of this research was to determine the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) and Nerium oleander distillation (NOD) on the colon aberrant cryptal foci (ACF) score, serum cytokines [Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10], prostaglandin E2, and oxidative status parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) in an experimentally induced colon cancer model in rats. Male rats (38 in total) were divided into 4 groups: Control group (n = 8), Colon Cancer group (CC, n = 10), CC+TCAE group (n = 10), and CC i NOD group (n = 10). Except for the Control group, the rest of rats received azoxymethane (15 mg/kg, SC) once a week for two weeks to induce colon cancer. TCAE was administered once a week at 0.2 mL/kg (SC) and NOD was administered in water to CC+TCAE and CC+NOD groups for 18 weeks. After blood samples were collected, the rats were euthanized, colons were removed, washed with saline, then fixed with 10% formaldehyde, and stained with 0.2% methylene blue. ACFs were scored by light microscopy. Serum levels of cytokines, prostaglandin E2, and oxidative status parameters were determined with ELISA. ACF score of the CC group was higher than CC+TCAE and CC+NOD groups. The prostaglandin E2 level of the Control group was lower than the CC i TCAE group, while IL-2 and IL-10 levels of the Control group were lower than all other groups. In conclusion, it can be stated that TCAE and NOD applications may be beneficial in the treatment of colon cancer.Öğe Efficacies of Free and Liposome-Encapsulated Enrofloxacin (Baytril (R)) Against Staphylococcus Aureus Infection in Turkish Shepherd Dog Neutrophils in Vitro(Ecole National Vet Toulouse, 2000) Baş, A. L.; Elmas, M.; Şimşek, A.; Traş, B.; Yazar, E.; Hadimli, H. H.The influence of free and liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 mu g/ml was studied on phagocytic and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus, in cultured neutrophils of six healthy Turkish Shepherd Dogs. Enrofloxacin was encapsulated by using reverse-phase evaporation method in multilamellar liposomes composed of 15 mg egg phosphatidylcholine and 35 mg cholesterol. Phagocytic and killing activity of neutrophils were determined by fluorescent microscopic technique. Liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin significantly enhanced the intraphagocytic killing of bacteria in neutrophils compared to free drug. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils was not significantly different among groups. The results obtained in the present study show that use of enrofloxacin encapsulated in liposomes may improve the antibacterial efficacy of the antibiotic.Öğe Efficacies of Free and Liposome-Encapsulated Enrofloxacin (Baytril®) Against Staphylococcus Aureus Infection in Turkish Shepherd Dog Neutrophils in Vitro(2000) Baş, Ahmet Levent; Elmas, Muammer; Şimşek, Atilla; Traş, Bünyamin; Yazar, E.; Hadimli, H. H.The influence of free and liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 ?g/ml was studied on phagocytic and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus, in cultured neutrophils of six healthy Turkish Shepherd Dogs. Enrofloxacin was encapsulated by using reverse-phase evaporation method in multilamellar liposomes composed of 15 mg egg phosphatidylcholine and 35 mg cholesterol. Phagocytic and killing activity of neutrophils were determined by fluorescent microscopic technique. Liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin significantly enhanced the intraphagocytic killing of bacteria in neutrophils compared to free drug. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils was not significantly different among groups. The results obtained in the present study show that use of enrofloxacin encapsulated in liposomes may improve the antibacterial efficacy of the antibiotic.Öğe Influence of Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced endotoxaemia on the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after intravenous administration in rabbits(BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2006) Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.; Uney, K.; Er (Karabacak), A.The main goal of present study was to determine the effects of an Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced endotoxaemic status on disposition of enrofloxacin after a single intravenous dose (5 mg/kg) in rabbits. Septic shock was induced by the i.v. bolus administration at a single dose of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Six adult New Zealand White rabbits were used. Concentrations of drug in plasma were determined by HPLC. The plasma pharmacokinetic values for enrofloxacin were best represented using a two-Compartment open model. Total plasma clearance (Cl-T) decreased from 2.11 (l/h/kg) in healthy animals to 1.50 (l/h/kg) in rabbits with septic shock, which is related to an increase in the AUCO(0 -> infinity). In endotoxaemic rabbits, volume of distribution at steady state (V-dss = 3.61 l/kg) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in healthy animals (V-dss = 4.97 l/kg). However, the elimination half-life of enrofloxacin was not affected by lipopolysaccharide administration.Öğe Investigation of Biochemical and Haematological Side-Effects of Enrofloxacin in Dogs(BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH, 2001) Traş, B.; Maden, M.; Baş, A. L.; Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.; Civelek, T.In the present study, effects of enrofloxacin on biochemical, haematological and blood gas parameters were investigated. Changes in laboratory parameters were monitored during the treatment period. Enrofloxacin was administered (5 mg/kg intramuscularly, once daily) to 10 healthy dogs for 14 days. Acidosis and temporary increases in aspartate aminotransferase, indirect bilirubin, sodium, partial pressure of CO2 and mean corpuscular volume levels as well as decreased levels of inorganic phosphorus, ionized calcium, potassium, partial pressure of O-2 and standard bicarbonate were observed. The results of this study suggest that these observed effects of enrofloxacin on blood gas parameters should be taken into consideration in long-term use of the drug.Öğe Pharmacokinetics and Oral Bioavailability of Enrofloxacin in Faunated and Defaunated Angora Goats(Ecole National Vet Toulouse, 2000) Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.; Traş, B.; Baş, A. L.; Eryavuz, A.The pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability of enrofloxacin were compared after single oral administration of 5 mg/kg bw to faunated and defaunated adult Angora goats. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic data were best described by a 2-compartment open model and were similar in both groups. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin in defaunated group were higher than those of faunated group except for 8, 12 and 24 hours, and C-max in defaunated goats was also higher than other group (p < 0.05). Although the oral bioavailability of the drug in defaunated group (F, 30 %) was higher than that in the faunated group (F, 23 %), this difference was not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, oral absorption of enrofloxacin in adult angora goats was slightly affected by defaunation. Despite of low oral bioavailability, once daily oral administration of enrofloxacin at the dose of 5 mg/kg bw may be suitable in treatment of infectious diseases caused by sensitive pathogens in Angora goats.
